The United Kingdom Information A visit to our friends across the pond is a delightful study in the roots of American culture. Literary giants like Shakespeare, Dickens and Faulkner come to life on this storied island. Yes, England swings from the doubledecker buses of London to Stonehenge s mystical circle to York s medieval grandeur. Scotland s green grasses give way to pristinely preserved cities and an unmatched commitment to hospitality. The world itself seems just a bit more civilized as you roam the land of tea, biscuits and royalty. History Not always a world powerhouse, Britain was riddled with invasions during the early stages of its history from the Roman invasion in 55 B.C. to the pivotal incursions of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the fifth and sixth centuries, and on to the Norman conquest in 1066. Norman rule effectively ensured Britain s safety from further intrusions and ushered in a unique culture, system of government, religion and educational system. Initiated to support William the Conqueror s holdings in France, Britain s policy of active involvement and trade with continental Europe endured for several hundred years. The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 firmly established England as a major sea power. Thereafter, its interests outside Europe grew steadily. In search of an alternate route to the Spice Islands, English explorer John Cabot reached North America in 1498. The first established English settlement didn t occur until Jamestown in 1607. During the next two centuries, Britain extended its influence abroad, culminating with the long reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. At this point, the mighty United Kingdom encompassed roughly one-fifth to one-quarter of the world s area and population. The twentieth century saw a Britain with resources heavily depleted by war and colonies that had developed a stronger sense of nationalism. Between WWI and WWII, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom, save six northern, predominantly Protestant counties. In 1926, Australia, New Zealand and Canada were granted autonomy within the empire, becoming members of the Commonwealth. India and Pakistan gained full independence in 1947, followed shortly thereafter by the majority of the United Kingdom s holdings worldwide. But although the Great Britain of today is only a fraction of its former self, it still maintains a strong, democratic voice in the modern world. As one of the five permanent members of the UN
Security Council and a founding member of NATO, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy and enjoys the respect of nations worldwide. United Kingdom Fast Facts Capital: London Population: 60.5 million Language: English, Welsh Currency: British pound (GBP) Time Zone: EST plus 5 hours Electricity: 240V, 50Hz Holidays & Festivals January January January 11 January 25 March Hogmanay Festival (Edinburgh) Up-Helly-Aa (Scotland) The Burning of the Clavie (Scotland) Robert Burns Night (Scotland) Crufts Dog Show March/April Oxford/Cambridge University Boat Race (River Thames) March 17 April April 23 May May May 1 June June July July St. Patrick s Day St. Andrew s Golf Week St. George s Day Queen s Birthday Parade (London) Chelsea Flower Show May Day Wimbledon (England) Trooping of the Colour (London) Llangollen (Wales) Glasgow International Jazz Festival Glastonbury Children s Festival
September Notting Hill Carnival Edinburgh International Festival Eisteddfod (Wales) Belfast Festival November 1 All Saints Day November 5 Guy Fawkes Day (England) December 26 Boxing Day Books The Bride of Lammermoor, by Sir Walter Scott Notes from a Small Island, by Bill Bryson Outlander, by Diana Gabaldon The Road North: 300 Years of Classic Scottish Travel Writing, by June Skinner Sawyers Robert Burns: Selected Poems, by Robert Burns, edited by Carol McGuirk William Wallace: Guardian of Scotland, by A.F. Murison Videos Brigadoon (1954) Braveheart (1995) Rob Roy (1995) Elizabeth (1998) Calendar Girls(2003) British Slang for Travelers Hello Goodbye Thank you I don t understand Biscuit Crackers/Cookies Alright Cheerio/Cheers/Ta-ta Cheers I m all at sea Bicky Biscuits
Telephone Watch your step Blower Mind the gap Weather Great Britain s weather is wet year-round, with pleasant summers and cool winters. London fog goes beyond the city limits, as humidity creates many misty mornings across the whole island. The East Coast is the coldest in winter, while the West gets the most rain. Bring lightweight clothes in the summer, and warmer layers in winter, especially in the North. Average Temperatures January April July October Belfast 40 46 58 49 Edinburgh 37 45 58 48 Glasgow 38 45 58 48 London 41 48 65 54 York 38 46 61 50 Temperatures are in F. For specific weather information, visit www.accuweather.com. Tips for Tipping Some restaurants and most hotels add a service charge of 10 to 15 percent of the bill. If this has been done, you re under no obligation to tip further. If no service charge is indicated, add 10 to 15 percent to your total bill. Did you know? Stonehenge is surely Britain s greatest historical icon, symbolizing mystery, power and endurance. And although its original purpose is unclear to us, some have speculated that it was a temple made for the worship of ancient deities or used for marking significant events on the prehistoric calendar. The Scottish island Ailsa Craig is famous for being the sole source of the stones used in the sport of curling. Loch Ness by volume holds more fresh water than all the lakes and reservoirs in England and Wales combined. Perhaps that is why sightings of the loch s 1,400-year-old legend, Nessie, are so elusive.
There are about 40 abandoned stations in London s Underground subway network both below and above ground. Some of these forgotten transportation hubs are intact, grimy time capsules of the era in which they were closed. Bagpipes have been banned twice in Scotland s history, the first after the reformation in 1560 and again in 1746 after the Battle of Culloden. The ban was so strictly enforced that piper James Reid was executed in 1746 as a rebel because bagpipes were deemed an instrument of war.