ANC Interim meeting Country report- R. of Macedonia Dusko Mukaetov, Nina Aleksovska, Ordan Cukaliev
General characteristics of the Republic of Macedonia is located in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is a landlocked country having an area of 25 713 km2, representing one of the smallest countries in Europe, It is bordered by Serbia and Kosovo to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west, Macedonia
Administrative division Macedonia (MK) is included in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). NUTS-1: MK0 FUR Macedonia NUTS-2: MK00 FUR Macedonia NUTS-3: 8 Statistical regions MK001 Vardar MK002 Eastern MK003 Southwestern MK004 Southeastern MK005 Pelagonia MK006 Polog MK007 Northeastern MK008 Skopje
Administrative division There are two Local Administrative Levels (LAU) Level - LAU1: municipalities; Level - LAU2: settlements.
Topography Large and high mountainous massifs characterize the country s topography. The average elevation is 829,7 m above sea level. Mean slope is 15,1 o (33,56%).
Relief distribution according to elevation is as follows: - valley relief (300 m a.s.l.) 9.5 %; - valley-hilly relief (301-500 m a.s.l.) 15.9 %; - hilly-mountain relief (501-1 000 m a.s.l.) 44.0 %; - mountain relief (1 000-1 500 m a.s.l) 21.3 %; high mountain relief (>1 500 m a.s.l.) 9.3 %. The country has 14 mountain peaks higher then 2 000 m The highest peak, the 2 764 meter-high Golem Korab Relief distribution
There are flat river valleys and plains inter-connected by passes or deep ravines. The slope in the valleys is gentle, but on the mountain there is very steep slope (more than 30 %). SLOPE Slope Area 0-5 o 24.60% 5-10 o 18.80% 10-20 o 31.50% 20-30 o 18,00 % 30-40 o 6,00 % >40 o 1.10%
Geotectonic zones Serbian-Macedonian massif Western Macedonia zone Povardarie zone Pelagonija plane
Numerous different geological formations, which differ on small distances in their age, mineralogical and petrologic composition, results in high heterogeneity of the soil cover, The mountainous region is generally composed of compact (solid) rocks with eruptive or metamorphic origin, The valleys are mainly filled with clastic mechanical sediments which are usually loose or weakly connected, Geology
SOIL MAP OF MACEDONIA
Soil cover distribution Soil cover can be divided in a four major zones: a) soils of the plains, b) b) soils of the sloppy terrains, c) c) soils of the hilly terrains and lake terraces, d) d) soils of the mountainous regions. Plains Hilly areas and lake terraces Sloppy areas Mountainous regions
Soil cover distribution Mountaneous soils, % Soils of the undulated hilly relief, % 18,00 16,00 14,00 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 15,91 3,60 1,70 5,70 4,05 5,95 16,00 14,00 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 0,26 3,87 3,52 15,11 7,26 4,34 4,04 1,99 2,92 3,43 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 5,46 Soils of the plains, % 5,35 1,00 0,73 0,27 0,38 0,30 0,56 0,00
Land cover CORINE Land cover is the only available and most relevant source of information on a country, According to CORINE LCU classification level 1, forests and seminatural areas cover 60,2% of the whole territory, while agricultural land 36,5%), The Land cover data presented in following map and table is based on CORINE Land cover Project for 2006.
Land cover - changes Class 2000 г. (ha) % 2006 г. (ha) % Change % Artificial surfaces 38 900 1.5 41 480 1.6 +0,1 Agricultural areas 973 900 37.8 939 013 36.5-1,3 Forest and seminatural areas 1587 900 61.7 1 548 855 60.2-2.5 Wetlands 59 100 2.2 56 444 2.1-0,1 Water bodies 2 000 0.07 2 015 0.08 0,01
Land use 1998 2012 Changes Land use distribution 98-12 Area in ha. Area in % Area in ha. Area in % in % Total land 2.543.216 100 2.571.300 100 1. Productive land 2.312.390 90.92 2.183.766 84,93-5,99 1.1. Forest land 1.021.139 40.15 981.812 38,18-1,97 1.2. Agriculture land 1.291.251 50.77 1.120.213 43,57-7,2 1.2.1. Pastures 633.562 24.91 608.176 23,65-1,26 1.2.2. Cultivated land 657.689 25.86 511.316 19,89-5,97 1.2.2.1. Arable lands and gardens 554.162 21.79 414.829 16,13-5,66 1.2.2.2. Orchards 19.633 0.77 14.469 0,56-0,21 1.2.2.3. Vineyards 29.298 1.15 20.695 0,80-0,35 1.2.2.4. Natural meadows 54.596 2.15 61.323 2,38 0,23 2. Unproductive land 230.826 9.08 387.534 15,07 5,99 2.1. Waters 87.493 3,44 81.741 3,18-0,26 2.2. Other 143.333 5,64 305.793 11,89 6,25
Land use change by categories Agricultural land 7,2% Forest area 1,7 Unproductive soil ( artificial lakes, infrastructure, expansion of settlements, excavation of various kinds of materials, etc 5,99 % Arable land 5,97 Pastures, 1,26% Anthropogenic soils (deposols, landfills etc.) 6,25 %
METHODOLOGY
ANC delineation methodology Compilation of identified existing data sets needed for delineation of ANC, Definition of climate parameters, time span and resolution, Development of high resolution raster maps for the main climate parameters (temperature and precipitation), Development of high resolution raster maps for climate indices (aridity index, De Marthone, Lang etc.), Collection, evaluation and harmonization of soil data sets : Digitalization of analog soil legacy data (scanning and vectorization), Selection of appropriate georeferencing system and suitable software packages, models and procedures for geostatistical analysis,
ANC delineation methodology Elaboration of raster maps for soil properties indicated among the criteria for ANC delineation, Integration of country specific criteria for creation of final derivate with identified and delineated ANC, Validation of the final product by use of auxiliary data sets and correction of its boundaries (e.g. orthopotos, topo-maps etc.)
DATA AVAILABILITY 23
MASIS - Main Available Data Soil profile data ( legacy ) Soil map SMU based; (uniform list of soil types /STU, no STU attributes, ) DEM 15m derivates Average Year Temperatures Average Year Precipitation Land use - Corine Land cover Geology raster vectorised in a FAO project Other, less important 24
Soil profile dataset 4300 soil profile locations with coordinates available in the database 11,071 horizons; most populated properties: 25
Soil profiles location
Horizon dataset A part of the soil horizon dataset 27
Meta-data for the soil properties needed data for ANC mapping Soil property Attributive data Graphical data no data limited all locations no data shape raster Drainage classification (poorly drained or very poorly drained) x Soil depth (If equal or less than 30 cm) x x Soil Texture x x Surface stoniness x x Soil Organic Matter (if equal or more than 30%) Salinity (if equal or more than 4 ds/m) x x Sodicity (if equal or more than 6 ESP) x x Acidity (if equal or less than 5 ph in water) x x x x x
AREC Main available data - digital topographic maps in scale 1:25000,
AREC Main available data - digital terrain model (DTM), DTM 5m DTM 20m
MAFWE Main available data High resolution color orthopoto for wholle country territory
MAFWE Main available data Land Parcel identification system (Lpis) The LpIS data base in fact keeps records for the agricultural land which is actually under cultivation, Lpis data keeps graphical and numerical record for crop class,
Data gaps, problems, and solutions All digital data bases are created within various institutions for different goals, There is serious lack in networking of the created digital data bases, The quality of stored data in many cases in not sufficient, in terms of its consistency, continuity and format, Data availability in many cases is significant constrain, due to internal procedures and politics of the Institutions possessing data,
Data gaps, problems, and solutions According the methodology applied in the EU for defining ANCs, in case of R. of Macedonia the existing data sets stored within MASIS can meet the most of the specific criteria for delineation of ANCs, The only missing soil parameters are: exact measurements of poorly or very poorly drained soils water lodged within soil profile for a certain period of time). This criterion will be overcome by use of the second option, or through identification of gleyic soils out of the existing digital soil map. Unfavourable soil texture and stoniness. Very limited data for the stoniness. Soil texture classes can be calculated on the base of existing data for soil texture fractions, like: soil, clay and sand, no records for soil sodicity, due to what the third criterion poor chemical properties will be calculated on the base of delineation of areas under saline and alkaline soils.
Thank you for your attention! Dusko Mukaetov d.mukaetov@zeminst.edu.mk www.zeminst.edu.mk
Nina Aleksovska, Dusko Mukaetov Ordan Chukaliev Andrevlje 30 June-1July 2016
1. Region with sub-mediterranean climate (50-150 m) 2. Region with moderate-continental-sub-mediterranean climate (150-300m) 3. Region with hot continental climate (600-900 m) 4. Region with cold continental climate(900-1100 m) 5. Region with sub-forest-continental-mountainous climate(1100-1300 m) 6. Region with forest-continental mountainous climate(1300-1650 m) 7. Region with sub-alpine mountainous climate (1650-2250 m) 8. Region with alpine mountainous climate ( hs >2250 m)
1891 until 1899 - meteorological measurements in Skopje 1986 until 1911 measurements in Bitola 1914-1918 meteorological measurements on 3 sites: Bitola, Prilep and Udovo (1 st WW, for army needs) 1923 - some organized and continuous meteorological measurements were established 1947 - the Hydrometeorological Service of People Republic of Macedonia and network of meteorological stations were established. 1978 it becomes Republic Hydrometeorological Service, a governmental organization of special importance for carrying out work in meteorology and hydrology
1991 Independence and Member of WMO 1992 Law on on Hydrometeorological matters Hydrometeorological Service Independent institutions 2000 Hydrometeorological Service is part of Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Water Economy 1991-present Hydrometeorological Service represents a national authority for meteorology and hydrology
A state meteorological station network with professional observers: 19 main meteorological stations and 2 meteorological radar hail suppression centres. Beside this there is established a network of stations with part-time observers: 7 climatological stations, 103 precipitation and 24 phenological stations. Automatic meteorological stations total number is 14
N Meteorological station Latitude Longitud e Elevation (m) Temperature (mean, max and min), RH, precipitation, wind speed, cloudiness, Sunshine duration 1 Berovo 41 43 00 22 25 00 827 1961-2015 1961-2015 2 Bitola 41 03 00 21 12 00 586 1961-2015 1961-2015 3 Gevgelija 41 09 00 22 23 00 59 1961-2015 1981-2015 4 Demir Kapija 41 25 00 22 21 00 125 1961-2015 1988-2015 5 Kriva Palanka 42 12 00 22 22 00 691 1961-2015 1961-2015 6 Lazaropole 41 32 00 20 04 00 1332 1961-2015 1961-2015 7 Mavrovi Anovi 41 42 00 20 04 00 1240 1961-2015 1961-2015* 8 Ohrid 41 07 00 20 04 00 760 1961-2015 1961-2015 9 Popova Shapka 42 01 00 20 05 00 1750 1961-2008 1985-2008 10 Prilep 41 21 00 21 13 00 661 1961-2015 1961-2015 11 Skopje Zajchev 42 01 00 21 12 00 301 1981-2015 1981-2015 Rid 12 Skopje Petrovec 41 57 00 21 13 00 240 1961-1966 1967-2015 13 Solunska Glava 41 42 00 21 12 00 2540 1973-2009 1973-2009 14 Strumica 41 26 00 22 23 00 224 1961-2015 1966-2015 15 Shtip 41 44 00 22 21 00 322 1961-2015 1961-2015 Remark 1961-1975 Dislocated in 1967;
N Meteorological station Latitude Longitude Elevation (m) Period 1961-1990 Period 1971-2000 Period 1981-2010 Period 2010-2015 1 Amzabegovo 41 49 00 22 20 00 250 +* +* +* - 2 Valandovo 41 19 00 22 23 00 100 + + + - 3 Veles 41 43 00 21 14 00 175 + (1961-1987) - - - 4 Gostivar 41 48 00 20 05 00 525 +* - - - 5 Debar 41 31 00 20 03 00 675 + - + (2003-2010) 6 Delchevo 41 58 00 22 24 00 630 + +* + + 7 Kavadarci 41 26 00 22 20 00 260 +* - - - 8 Katlanovska 41 54 00 21 14 00 240 + + - - Banja (1963-1990) 9 Kichevo 41 31 00 20 05 00 620 + * - - - 10 Kochani 41 55 00 22 22 00 345 + + + - 11 Kratovo 42 05 00 22 20 00 640 + + + + 12 Krushevo 41 22 00 21 11 00 1230 + + + + 13 Kumanovo 42 08 00 21 14 00 338 +* +* + + 14 Makedonski Brod 41 31 00 21 11 00 545 +* + - - 15 Nov Dojran 41 13 00 22 24 00 180 +* +* +* + 16 Radovish 41 38 00 22 22 00 380 +* +* - - +
Network Digitalized Quality Control Homogenize d Main meteorological stations 1961-2015 yes no Climatological stations Precipitation stations 1991-2015 no no 1991-2015 no no
Network Main meteorological stations Climatological stations Precipitation stations Data Monthly Period 1961-1990 Temperature (mean, max and min), precipitation Available Period 1971-2000 Temperature (mean, max and min), precipitation Available Period 1981-2010 On request* Daily On request* On request* On request* Monthly On request* On request* On request* Daily On request* On request* On request* Monthly On request* On request* On request* Daily On request* On request* On request*
Data Cost (without VAT) Cost (without VAT) Daily data for one meteorological element from one meteorological station for one year Monthly data for one meteorological element or parameter from one meteorological station for series of 30 years Monthly data for one meteorological element or parameter from one meteorological station for more than 30 years Denari app.euro 3040 50 2560 42 3680 60
3 parameters (Tmax, Tmin, Precipitation) 30 years (1981-2010) 16 stations (main meteorological stations) 3x30x16 = 1440 1440 x 50 EUR = 72000 EUR And it is not enough to get spatial distribution of the temperature and precipitation in the country with very diversified relief
Annual January July
Cold Part of the year Warm part of the year
The national policy for the areas with natural constrains is defined by the article 76 and 77 of the Law on Agriculture and Rural Development (Official Gazette of Republic of Macedonia No 49/10 from 12.04.2010). The article 76 state that the policy for encouraging the agricultural activity useful for environment is implemented through sets of measures, and one of them is: Sustainable use of agricultural land through measures to support agricultural activity in areas with limited opportunities.
Moreover the article 77: Assistance for agricultural activity in areas with limited opportunities for agricultural production is granted to agricultural holdings that operate in such areas in the form of direct payments for support of the income on farms. The direct payments are paid to agricultural holdings in the form of annual payments by unit area of the cultivated agricultural land and can not be more than 30000 MKD (approx. 500 EUR) per hectare
The type of the activities supported by this measures should be prescribed by the Minister and implementation procedure should be defined by the director of the Agency after the positive opinion of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy. This article allows exception of additional payment of 15% of the direct payments for areas with natural constrains.
The programme for the direct support of the rural development for year 2016 (Official gazette No. 6/2016 from 15.01.2016 predicted measure 211 - Assistance for agricultural activity in areas with limited opportunities for agricultural production It is conducted according paragraph 8 of the article 77 - as additional financial support amounting to 15% of direct payments per unit area or livestock unit for agricultural holdings in the areas with limited production. The amount of the financial support for this measure in year 2016 is 35 million MKD (5 million for the year 2016 and 30 million for not realized payments in previous years).
The criteria for defining areas with natural constrains can much better access the real constrains and it is very good to have defined and proclaimed areas with natural constrains and defined measures for various constrains. The areas that are eligible for getting this support (Assistance for agricultural activity in areas with limited opportunities for agricultural production) are defined in the Decree on the criteria for direct payments, the beneficiaries, the maximum amount and the method for direct payments for 2016 ) Official Gazette 2/2016 from 8.1.2016) According this act eligible for additional payment of 15 % are areas elevated above 700 m above sea level.
Areas with natural constrain according elevation (900 m a.s.l.)