Distribution of stable isotopes in the Sava River in Serbia N. MILJEVIĆ 1, D. GOLOBOČANIN 1, M. NADEŽDI DIĆ, N. OGRINC 3 1 Vinča a Institute of Nuclear Sciences, POB 5, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Kneža Višeslava 66, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia Outline General information about the Sava River 4-day campaign Results Conclustions The main objectives The main objectives To provide baseline data on the spatial distribution of δ 18 O and δ H of river waters in this region for local hydrological investigations and the factors regulating them along the stretch through Serbia To integrate isotope data within both water quality and water quantity studies To evaluate the correlations of the isotopic compositions with selected hydrological, biological and water quality parameters. 1
Belgrade Lesce 45 m 3 /s Source of Sava Bohinjka 805 m asl 384 m 3 /s Crnac Belgrade 17 m 3/ s Source of Sava Dolinka 1 m asl Maximum April (630 m 3 /s) Minimum in September (1370 m 3 /s). Annual precipitation 600-1300 mm Danube sub-basin basin Total area: a 95 70 km Average flow (at the mouth): 17 m 3 /s Length: 940 km (586 km of which were navigable) Country Slovenia Croatia Bosna and Herzegovina Serbia Montenegro Albania Country share [km ] 11,734.8 5,373.5 38,349.1 15,147.0 6,99.8 179.0 Share of the territory [%] 53 45 76 17 5 0.5 Share of the basin [%] 1.0 6.0 39. 15.5 7.1 0. 188 km (195.0 rkm) (136.4 rkm) (16 rkm) (103.6 rkm) (17 rkm) (1145 rkm)
River Total drainage area [km ] Total length [km] Station Distance from the source [rkm] Discharge [m 3 /s] Mean Max Drina 19 6 346 Radalj 85.5 390 1800 Bosut 913 186 Batrovci 35.9 11.4 Kolubara 3 639 13 Beli Brod 50.5 5.4 33 Topčiderka 138 30 Rakovica 5.3 0.77 15.8 Gift by the Government of the German state of Hessen Equipped with a modern laboratory automatic navigation system Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia Management for Environmental Protection of Serbia ICPDR Joint Danube Survey (007) Sampling Grab water samples middle of the river near left banks near right banks Physical - chemical air and water temperature ph electrical conductivity dissolved oxygen total alkalinity nitrate ammonium nitrite ortho-phosphate total phosphorus Analyses biological chlorophyll-a phytoplankton zooplankton stable isotopes H 18 O Sampling, collection, preservation and analytical protocols for analyses - standard methods for surface waters. Classification of chemical parameters - ICPDR standard classification. 3
Isotope ratio mass spectrometry RSample RStandard (IRMS) δ ( ) = 1000 R Standard Heavy isotope = Light isotope H H 1 18 16 R ( /, O/ O) Cr+ 3HO CrO + 3H 700 0 > C 3 IAEA Analytical Quality Control Services ±1 for δ H 5 o C 16 18 16 18 18 + + C O H O C O O H O ±0.1 for δ 18 O Varian MAT 50 mass spectrometer Department of Environmental Sciences Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia V-SMOW - Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water Sava River longitudinal downstream survey No difference in the isotopic content (δ 18 O = 9.0 ± 0.1, δ H = 65 ± 1.0 ) middle and right bank at Jamena (1) all samples at Smederevska Palanka () mid Šabac (3) Evaporation (δ 18 O = 8.7 ± 0.1, δ H = 63 ±.0 ) left and right bank at Šabac (3) left and right bank at Ostružnica (4) δ 18 O [ ] Discharge [m 3 /s] -9. 850 800 750 700 650 a. b. Inflow from Bosut R 1 Inflow from Drina R 83 4 8 3 Inflow 81 from Kolubara R 80 79 backwater effect 78 00 150 100 50 0 Distance upstream [rkm] 1. Jamena. Smederevska Mitrovica 3. Sabac 4. Ostruznica left bank right bank middle 84 Elevation [m asl] δ H vs δ 18 O plot -5 GMWL (δ H = 8δ 18 O + 10) -56 LMWL (δ H = 7.8 (±0.) δ 18 O + 7.3(±1.6)* -60 Sava (Jamena) winter-spring 1998 Sava (survey) August 006 Drina (Badovinci) winter-spring 1998 GMWL LMWL Evaporation slope 5.6 ±0.5 (n = 18; r = 0.94) δ H V-SMOW [ ] -64-68 -7 Sava 006-76 Danube 006-80 -11. -10.8-10.4-10.0-9.6-9. -8.4-8.0-7.6 δ 18 O V-SMOW [ ] *Golobočanin D, Ogrinc N, Bondzić A, Miljević N (007) Isotopic characteristics of meteoric waters in the Belgrade region. Isotop Environ Health Stud 43:355 367. 4
789 a. Left bank Mid-river Right bank δ 18 O V-SMOW [ ] 14 16 18 0 4 N : P b. R = 0.50, n=11 R =- 0.49, n=11 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 DO [mg/l] δ 18 O V-SMOW [ ] a. 14 16 18 0 4 N : P b. Left bank Mid-river Right bank R =- 0.49, n=11 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 DO [mg/l] R = 0.50, n=11 δ 18 O [ ] Danube tributaries -9.5-10.0-10.5-11.0-11.5-9.5-10.0-10.5-11.0-11.5 3 Tributaries 1 Titel 13 Sava - Ostruznica 14 Velika Morava 10 89 11 6a 7 5 1 11 10 1 3 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 6 6 1 11 GBranjica 13 14 4 4 6 8 10 1 14 16 N : P 1 13 14 R=-0.65, n=15 R=0.83, n=15 Dissolved oxygen [mg/l] 1 Nestin Novi Sad 3 Slankamen 4 Centa 5 Zemun 6 Pancevo 6a Pancevo R 7 Vinca 8 Smederevo 9 Banatska Palanka 10 Veliko Gradiste Miljević N, Golobočanin D, Ogrinc N, Bondžić A (008) Distribution of stable isotopes in surface water along the Danube River in Serbia. Isotop Environ Health Stud 44:137 148 The δ H and δ 18 O compositions of the Sava river water show large seasonal variations. Based on δ values, higher isotopic signal in the summer clearly show increase evaporation in the reservoirs caused by higher temperatures during summer. The increased δ values after location Sabac is the consequence of backwater effect of the Iron Gate Dam I Gate reservoir. A correlation between the deuterium and oxygen-18 content and the dissolved oxygen concentration is associated with biodegradation processes in the riverwater.. However, this river pattern is difficult to understand the limited number of samples obtained during one survey. 5
Acknowledgments Serbian Ministry of Sciences under the Project ON14039. Slovenian-Serbian cooperation Stable isotope applications in hydrologic studies of Slovenia and Serbian river systems 6