Wildlife Hazard Management at Airports: Current Trends and Potential Conflicts Brian Kirby M.S. Candidate University of Tennessee Dept. of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries March, 21 :2PM Plant Biotech. Outline 2 I. Introduction History II. Trends Regulations Current Events and Potential Conflicts Future Directions References I. II. III. IV. V. Introduction - History 3 /1/13-Wright Brothers //1-First Bird Strike /3/1-Calbraith Rodgers 1//16-Boston Harbor, MA /23/1-Elmendorf AFB, AK Cleary and Dolbeer 2, Dolbeer 213 1
U.S. Civil Aircraft 1-1 3 aircraft destroyed 16-21 aircraft destroyed 1-213 62 aircraft destroyed 2,1 U.S. Passenger Fleet (16) 8,2 U.S. Passenger Fleet (2) Dolbeer 213, U.S. Department of Transportation 2 No. of reported strikes Trends in Wildlife Strikes to Aircraft 1,, 8,, 6,,, 3, 2, 1, 1 USDA, Wildlife Services Birds (N = 1,) Assistance at Airports Terrestrial mammals, bats, reptiles Non-Bird Wildlife (N = 3,) 1-2 Birds - 13 6 21-832 2 Birdstrikes ID d to exact species 6 1 1 % identified to species 3 2 1 1 1 1 18 2 21 22 23 2 2 2 22 26 2 2 28 1 2 22 2 21 2 2 3 31 36 1 1 1 2 21 22 23 2 2 26 2 28 2 21 Dolbeer et al. 2, Begier and Dolbeer 211 6 Causes of Increased Wildlife Strikes 16 % of commercial aircraft had 3 or engines 2 1% of commercial aircraft had 3 or engines U.S. Department of Transportation 2 2
U.S. Civilian Wildlife Strikes by Month (1-21) 32 28 Birds (N = 1,) 2 Percent of strikes 2 2 8 Bats (N = 8) 1 1 1 13 13 8 8 6 3 2 1 1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2 18 Percent of strikes 8 Deer (N = ) All other terrestrial mammals (N = 1,61) 6 6 6 1 13 13 11 11 1 1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Dolbeer et al. 2, Begier and Dolbeer 211 Most Wanted List Table 1. Ranking of hazard level of 18 bird and terrestrial mammal species with 2 or more reported strikes with civil aircraft in USA, 1-21 (Table 1), based on the percentage of strikes resulting in an adverse effect (damage to aircraft and/or negative effect on flight) (page 1 of ) 1. Total Hazard level Hazard reported (% of strikes with rank 2 Wildlife species strikes adverse effect) 8 Birds 1 Snow goose 8. 2 Black vulture 61 6.6 Mammals 3 Northern pintail 82 63. Turkey vulture 6 8.1 Canada goose 1,26. 6 American wigeon 3.3 White-tailed deer Brown pelican 1 2. 8 Bald eagle 136. Northern shoveler 33 8. Coyotes 1 Sandhill crane. 11 Wild turkey 1.1 Greater sage-grouse 3 3.3 Birds 13 Double-crested cormorant 38. 1 Gadwall 3 36. 1 Wood duck 31 3. Green-winged teal 3 3.3 Birds of prey 1 Ring-necked pheasant 63 3. 18 Osprey 188 28. 1 Glaucous-winged gull 63 28.6 Waterfowl 2 Mallard 6 28.3 21 Laysan albatross 32 28.1 22 Great blue heron 28 2.1 Charismatic species 23 Ruddy duck 26 26. 2 Great egret 2. 2 American coot 1 2.3 26 Common raven 3 23.3 Bald eagle 2 Red-tailed hawk 1,28 1. 28 Cattle egret 211 1. 2 Swainson's hawk 61 18. Red-tailed hawks 3 Snowy egret 2. 31 Rock pigeon 1,2 1.8 32 Great horned owl 1 1. 33 Mew gull 2 1. 3 Swainson's thrush 3 1. 3 American crow 321 1.6 Dolbeer et al. 2, Tomanio and Nowakowsi 213 Regulations International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 1-Provided recommendations 23-Recommendations became mandatory Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 2-Certificated airports in USA to conduct Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) Wildlife Hazard Management Plan (WHMP) Dolbeer 213, Federal Aviation Administration 2 3
Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA)? 1 Part 13 (b) WHA required as a result of a triggering event: (1) Multiple wildlife strikes; (2) Substantial damage from striking wildlife, (3) An air carrier aircraft experiences an engine ingestion of wildlife; or () Wildlife of a size, or in numbers, capable of causing an event described above is observed to have access to any airport flight pattern or aircraft movement area. Federal Aviation Administration 2 WHA 11 (1) Analysis of the events or circumstances that led to the assessment (2) Id wildlife species (numbers, locations, local movements, and daily and seasonal occurrences) (3) Id features on and near the airport that attract wildlife. () A description of wildlife hazards to air carrier operations. () Recommendations to reduce wildlife hazards to aviation safety Federal Aviation Administration 2 Management Strategies Habitat Management & Modification Harassment/Hazing Exclusion Education Direct Control 3,8 feet Federal Aviation Administration 2
Management Strategies 13 Current Events Wildlife Strikes in the News 1 Bird strike leaves MASSIVE hole in United Airlines jet as it lan... Deer hit by plane on runway at Northeast Florida Regional Airport in St. Augustine... http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-218182/bird-strike-le... http://www.wtsp.com/news/watercooler/article/28/8/deer-hit-by-plane-on-r... Events DealChicken In Your Neighborhood Contact Us Bird strike leaves MASSIVE hole in United Airlines jet as it lands at Denver airport Home News Weather Video Sports Traffic Health About By Snejana Farberov FEATURED: What's on 1 Facebook Twitter Lottery Weather Cams 1 Community PUBLISHED: 1:28 EST, 31 July 2 UPDATED: : EST, 1 August 2 SEARCH An unidentified bird smashed into a United Airlines Boeing 3 as it descended into Denver International Airport (DIA) Tuesday morning, leaving a giant gash in the nose of the aircraft. Despite the mid-air collision, Flight 1 landed safely at : am and was escorted to a gate on the B concourse. The plane was traveling from Dallas/Fort Worth to Denver. The plane s pilots were aware of the bird strike and declared an emergency. They reported damage to the jet s horizontal stabilizer and air speed indicators, but it had no bearing on the landing, according to ABC. Deer hit by plane on runway at Northeast Florida Regional Airport in St. Augustine :2 AM, Nov 8, 2 comments MOST VIEWED ARTICLES + Tampa family gets sick from meat contaminated with LSD Recommend Tweet - AAA + ST. AUGUSTINE, Florida (WTLV) -- A plane struck a deer on the runway at Northeast Florida Regional Airport while it was landing. WTLV First Coast News 1 of 6 3/1/1 :6 PM Traces of oil may be clue in search for missing plane MOST WATCHED VIDEOS SEE MORE The small passenger jet was a Florida National Guard C- and there were no injuries to anyone on the plane, according to Lt. Col. James Evans. FILED UNDER Florida News There was minor damage to the prop, Evans said. The Army will investigate to see if there were any other issues. The pilot and co-pilot will undergo procedural testing at Cecil Airport, Evans said. 1 of 3 3/8/1 3:13 PM US Airways Flight 1 1 1/1/2 Canada Geese Captain Sully Sullenberger Spokesman for Aviation Safety 1 Survivors Fatalities
Potential Conflicts Opposition Animal rights activists Birds were here first GooseWatch NYC NYC Parks http://www.goosewatchnyc.com/ Coalition to Prevent the Destruction of Canada Geese Home http://www.canadageese.org/ Our Story Issues Projects Get Involved Media Contact Charismatic Species Birds of prey Canada geese March 8, 2 K i l l i n g s i n N Y C Pa r kthe s Coalition is a wildlife protection organization Not long ago, our region's landscape was significantly different, hundreds and that specializes in thousands of species of animals called New York City home. Itbackground. is said that when European settlers first arrived in New England, the skies were so filled with migrating birds in the spring and the fall that "they sometimes darkened the sky like a solar eclipse." Canada geese - more Canada geese as a suburban controversy. Effective, humane Today, less than 1% of New York City's nearly, square miles are green spaces, goose control. with little reminder of what the area used to look like for wild animals. Wildlife can still be found in New York City today, if you know where to look for it. As you can see from the General information with pictures. map above, not many green spaces are still available to wildlife. Canada geese provide Answers to frequently asked questions. an opportunity for a close look at NYCʼs wildlife just visit a local park. Recommended books, stories, poems and In fact, although geese are wild creatures, they are also part of our communities. In movies. neighborhoods across the city we hear continue learn just how valuable and taken for granted these birds are. The photos below are meant to show that geese are part of the fabric of our city, and are taken from some of the same parks where geese were What you can do to rounded up for execution in prior years. help geese! Here is a (partial) list of NYC owned parks where geese have been rounded up Claims of geese as health from since 2, many are in densely residential areas: Purchase our bumper sticker, mugs, shirts and threat are quackery our work. --Bronx: Crotona Park, Pelham Bay Park, Roberto Clementepins Stateand Park,support Van Selected Articles Cortland Park --Brooklyn: East River State Park, Marine Park Golf Course, Prospect Park --Manhattan: Inwood Hill Park, Riverside Park OvoControl approved for hatch control in "resident" Canada geese. --Queens: AlleyNew Pond Rule: Park, Baisley Pond Park, Brookvillemakes Park, Captain Tilly Park, Regulatory scheme it easier to kill "resident" Canada geese. Clearview Golf Another Course, Douglaston Golf Course, Meadow-Corona Study:Park Geese Not a Flushing Public Health Problem Park, Forest Park Golf Course, Fort Totten, Gantry Plaza State Park, Kissena Park, Dirty Little Secrets: What your state wildlife agency doesn't want you to know Roy Wilkins Park, Pennsylvania Ave. and Fountain Ave. Landfills, Jamaica Bay Wildlife RefugeNews Archive --Staten Island: Clove Lake Park, Silver Lake Park, Willowbrook Park Frequently asked questions Links Search this site Contact us --Rikers Island, Randalls/ Ward Islands Copyright -2 Coalition to Prevent the Destruction of Canada Geese All images/artwork on this site are protected by copyright laws. All rights reserved. 1 of 1 3/1/1 :28 PM Wildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft in the United States, 1 21 Future Direction - Is it working? Bird strikes Wildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft in the United States, 1 21 1 13 13 13 11 1 11 11 11 21 2 28 2 26 23 22 21 2 1 26 1 8 6 3 68 66 21 2 28 2 26 2 2 23 22 21 2 28 2 2 23 22 21 2 2 21 3 8 6 21 1 1 1.2 6 6 WS Assistance at Airports 8-2 62-13 1 3 6 21-6 832 Terrestrial mammal strikes 31 32 86 8 2 1.6 2 % of strikes with damage Commercial aviation aircraft 1 General aviation aircraft 2. 28 68 1 3 1 2 2 62 1 26 21 22 68 66 23 2 1 8 2 3 1 1 6 8 6.8 1 18 1 1 1 1 2 1 11 11 11Bird strikes 1 Terrestrial mammal strikes 86 1 8 1 % rate of strikes with damage Damage strikes 1 2 1 1 1 11 2 2 % of strikes with damage General aviation aircraft 1 1 3/8/1 :3 PM 2 Commercial aviation aircraft 2 2 1 2 1 1 of strikes with damage Strikes%rate 2 2 Wildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft 1 in the 1 United 1 1States, 1 21 18 2 1 1 1 1 1 of 1 1 13 13 13 31 32 3 Dolbeer et al. 2, Begier and Dolbeer 211. 2 strikes (top graph) and terrestrial Figure 6. The percentage of reported bird mammal strikes (bottom graph) that indicated damage to the civil aircraft, USA, 1-21. See Tables 1 and 13 for sample sizes and classifications of damage.. 21 2 28 2 26 2 2 23 22 21 2 21 28 1 26 1 2 1 22 2 1 1 Figure 3. The strike rate (number of reported wildlife strikes per 1, aircraft movements, top graph) and damaging strike rate (number of reported damaging wildlife Figure 6. The percentage of reported bird strikes (top graph) and terrestrial strikes per 1, aircraft movements, 2 bottom graph) for commercial (air carrier, mammal strikes (bottom graph) that indicated damage to the civil aircraft, USA, commuter, and air taxi service) and general aviation aircraft, USA, 1 21 (see 1-21. See Tables 1 and 13 for sample sizes and classifications of damage. Tables 2 and 3). 6 Photo Credits 2 18 http://www.flickr.com/photos/skew-t/2832/ http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/publications/tp13-plates-.htm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3d/calbraith_rodgers_and_the_wreckage_of_the_wright_co_model_ex_%22vin_fiz%22.jpg http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/air-and-space-curator-the-wright-brothers-were-most-definitely-the-first-in-flight-333/ http://images.rarenewspapers.com/ebayimgs/.1.21/image.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//e/birdstrikerv.jpg http://www.1wing.af.mil/shared/media/photodb/photos/16-f-81g-3.jpg http://i3.photobucket.com/albums/d1/jedihobbit/aircraft/boeing_3_n133v_paa.jpg http://www.flyian.net/aircraft/eu/luft.htm http://www.airliners.net/photo/continental-express-%28expressjet/embraer-emb-1...-%28erj-1...%2/662/l/ http://www.diecastaircraftforum.com/1-1-scale-commercial-aviation/81-delta-a33-bird-strike-caught-camera.html http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/images/213/1/us_airways_flight_falls_victim_to_bird_strike http://www.defense.gov/photos/newsphoto.aspx?newsphotoid=332 http://stevesp38-birdstrike.blogspot.com/21//bird-strikes.html http://www.blogcdn.com/www.gadling.com/media/2/1/26111_fee3f1aa3_o.jpg http://uncommonpics.com/pic-8-airplane-hit-a-giraffe http://gothamist.com/2/1/1/post_calls_fowl_on_canada_geese.php http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/lawsuit-snowy-owls-article-1.181 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/213/1/13118-aircraft-bird-strikes-faa-radar-science/ http://flyingswissmade.wordpress.com/2/6/ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/fish-strike-stops-jets-takeoff-at-florida-air-force-base/ http://nypost.com/21/3/2/pa-killed-2k-animals-at-area-airports-in-past-two-years/ http://www.detect-inc.com/images/merlin%2abar%2bos%2jet%2blue%2tower%2right.jpg http://www.csmonitor.com/innovation/2//boston-airport-tests-radar-to-avoid-bird-strikes http://www.theage.com.au/afl/afl-news/mcc-mulls-gulls-as-avian-invasion-mars-finals-21122-1km.html 6
Literature Cited 1 1. Cleary, E.C. and R.A. Dolbeer. 2. Wildlife hazard management at airports: a manual for airport operators. Second edition. Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Airport Safety and Standards, Washington D.C., USA. 2. Dolbeer. 213. Regulations for Wildlife Management at Airports. Appendix in Wildlife in Airport Environments. Devault, Blackwell, and Belant 213. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, MD, USA. 3. Dolbeer, R.A., S.E. Wright, J. Weller, and M.J. Begier. 2. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States, 1-21. Serial Report Number 1 DOT/FAA/AS/-6(AAS-31). U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington D.C., USA.. Begier, M.J. and R.A. Dolbeer. 211. Protecting the flying public and minimizing economic losses within the aviation industry: technical, operational, and research assistance provided by the USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services to reduce wildlife hazards to aviation, Fiscal Year 21. Special report, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services. Washington D.C., USA.. U.S. Department of Transportation. 2. National transportation statistics. Table 1-13: active U.S. air carrier and general aviation fleet by type of aircraft research and innovative technology administration. http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_1_13.htm. 6. Tomanio and Nowakowski. 213. Bloody Skies: The Fight to Reduce Deadly Bird-Plane Collisions. National Geographic. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/213/1/13118-aircraft-bird-strikes-faaradar-science/. Accessed 6 March 21.. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). 2. Title 1 U.S. Code of Regulations. Part 13: certification of airports. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington D.C., USA. 8. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). 2. Hazardous wildlife attractants on or near airports. Advisory Circular 1/2-33B. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington D.C., USA. Acknowledgements 2 Questions 21