Silva Balcanica, 19(2)/2018 Additions to xylophagous longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) host plants in Bulgaria Danail Doychev 1, Pavel Topalov 2, Gergana Zaemdzhikova 2, Vladimir Sakalian 3, Georgi Georgiev 2 1 University of Forestry Sofia 2 Forest Research Institute Sofia Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 3 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Sofia Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Abstract In 2017 and 2018, 42 trophical connections between 28 cerambycid taxa and 16 trees and shrub species were established in Bulgaria. Longhorn beetles belong to five subfamilies as follows: Prioninae (1 species); Lepturinae (6); Spondylidinae (3); Cerambycinae (9); Lamiinae (9). Thirty-three relationships are new records for Bulgaria: Prionus coriarius Quercus rubra and Prunus avium; Anastrangalia dubia dubia Abies alba; Pachytodes erraticus Q. rubra; Rhagium bifasciatum A. alba; Rhagium inquisitor inquisitor A. alba; Rhagium mordax Alnus glutinosa; Rutpela maculata maculata Betula pendula and P. avium; Alocerus moesiacus Quercus suber; Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri P. avium; Anaglyptus mysticus Fagus sylvatica and Crataegus monogina; Cerambyx cerdo cerdo Q. suber; Cerambyx scopolii scopolii Quercus rubra and Quercus cerris; Phymatodes testaceus Q. rubra; Purpuricenus budensis Paliurus spina-christi; Pyrrhidium sanguineum Quercus dalechampii; Ropalopus femoratus Q. rubra; Callimoxys gracilis P. spina-christi; Trichoferus pallidus Quercus dalechampii; Acanthocinus griseus Abies alba; Aegomorphus krueperi Q. suber; Leiopus linnei Juglans regia and Q. dalechampii; Leiopus nebulosus nebulosus Q. rubra; Mesosa curculionoides Q. rubra and P. avium; Mesosa nebulosa Quercus cerris and Q. dalechampii; Morimus asper funereus Q. dalechampii and Salix caprea. Trichoferus pallidus is a new species for Vitosha Mt., and Juglans regia is a new host of Leiopus linnei. The new records enlarge knowledge of longhorn beetles host ranges and distribution of the species in the country. Key words: Cerambycidae, xylophages, host plants, Bulgaria Introduction Bulgarian cerambycid fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) includes 261 species (Georgiev et al., 2013; Danilevsky et al., 2016), from which about 70% are connected with forest vegetation (Migliaccio et al., 2007). At present, 176 connections between 86 cerambycid taxa and 49 tree and shrub species have been established in Bulgaria (Doychev et al., 2017). This paper announces new data about host plants of xylophagous longhorn beetles in Bulgaria. 47
Material and methods The studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 by following entomological methods: collection of plant samples and rearing of adults from them in photoeclectors in laboratory conditions; identification of larvae and adults found in tissues and organs of host plants; rearing of collected larvae and pupae to adults in laboratory. Preimaginal stages (larvae and pupae) of some cerambycids were photographed in natural conditions (Nikon D80, Micro-Nikkor 105 mm lense). The adults were identified by the keys of Plavilschtikov (1936, 1940, 1958) and Bense (1995), and the larvae by the keys of Švácha, Danilevsky (1986, 1987, 1988) and Mamaev, Danilevsky (1975). The longhorn beetles are presented in alphabetic order within each subfamily, using system and nomenclature of Danilevsky (2018). The new host plants of the cerambycids for Bulgaria are indicated with an asterisk. Results and discussion In this study, 28 cerambycid taxa were established on different trees and shrub species. They belong to five subfamilies, as follows: Prioninae (1 species); Lepturinae (6); Spondylidinae (3); Cerambycinae (9); Lamiinae (9). Prioninae Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758) *Quercus rubra L.: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42 40 33.0 N, 23 20 35.5 E, 15 larvae in semi-decayed wood of dead stems, 20-22 March 2017. *Prunus avium (L.) L.: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 680 m a.s.l., 42 39 22.7 N, 23 14 29.3 E, 6 larvae in stem wood, 03 March 2017 (Fig. 1A). Lepturinae Anastrangalia dubia dubia (Scopoli, 1763) *Abies alba Mill.: West Balkan Range, Gornata Koria Reserve, 750 m NW of Kom hut, 1440 m a.s.l., 43 11 05.9 N, 23 04 12.7 E, 2 dead adults found under bark of dead stems, 23 August 2017. Pachytodes erraticus (Dalman, 1817) *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42 40 33.0 N, 23 20 35.5 E, 4 larvae in semi-decayed wood of dead stem, 20 March 2017. Rhagium (Hagrium) bifasciatum Fabricius, 1775 *Abies alba: West Balkan Range, Gornata Koria Reserve, 750 m NW of Kom hut, 1440 m a.s.l., 43 11 05.9 N, 23 04 12.7 E, 1 larva and 2 adults reared from pupae found in semi-decayed wood of laying stems, sample collection 23 August 2017, emergence 10 October 2017. The Western Rhodopes Mts., 2.9 km S of Smolyan, 1350 m a.s.l., 41 33 05.6 N, 24 41 34.4 E, 1 larva in rotten stem wood, sample collection 23 August 2018. Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.: West Balkan Range, 190 m SW of Kom hut, 1680 m a.s.l., 43 10 53.3 N, 23 04 35.1 E, 1 larva and 1 adult in semi-decayed wood of laying stems, 48
Fig. 1. A Prionus coriarius, larva; B Rhagium mordax, larva; C Cerambyx scopolii, larva; D Purpuricenus budensis, larva 23 August 2017. West Balkan Range, Chuprene Biosphere Reserve, 300 m SW of Gorski Rai hut, 1400 m a.s.l., 43 27 08.4 N, 22 38 21.1 E, 1 larva under bark of dead stem, 16 October 2017. Rhagium (Rhagium) inquisitor inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758) *Abies alba: West Balkan Range, Gornata Koria Reserve, 800 m NW of Kom hut, 1430 m a.s.l., 43 11 05.3 N, 23 04 10.9 E, 3 larvae found under bark of dead stems, 23-24 August 2017. Gornata Koria Reserve, 320 m N of Kom hut, 1710 a.s.l., 43 10 55.0 N, 23 04 29.0 E, 2 larvae found under bark of dead stems, 23-24 August 2017. Rhagium (Megarhagium) mordax (DeGeer, 1775) *Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.: West Balkan Range, 4.2 km S of Barzia vill., 750 m a.s.l., 43 09 10.9 N, 23 08 50.0 E, 2 larvae under bark of stumps, 31 March 2017. Quercus dalechampii Ten.: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 730 m a.s.l., 42 39 21.8 N, 23 14 42.3 E, a larva and adult under bark of dried stem, 03 March 2017 (Fig. 1B). Fagus sylvatica L.: West Balkan Range, Gornata Koria Reserve, 770 m NW of Kom hut, 1450 m a.s.l., 43 11 05.3 N, 23 04 12.4 E, 3 larvae and 2 adult, reared from 2 pupae found under bark of broken, fallen or dried trees, sample collection 23 August 2017, emergence 26 September 2017. Gornata Koria Reserve, 670 m W of Kom hut, 1660 m a.s.l., 43 10 49.5 N, 23 04 14.2 E, 1 larva under bark of dried fallen stem, 24 August 2017. 49
Rutpela maculata maculata (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761) *Betula pendula Roth: Lyulin Mt., above Gorna Banya, 860 m a.s.l., 42 39 34.4 N, 23 12 21.4 E, larva in semi-decayed wood of laying branch (diameter 10 cm), 27 March 2017. *Prunus avium: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 680 m a.s.l., 42 39 22.7 N, 23 14 29.3 E, 3 larvae in wood of stem, 03 March 2017. Spondylidinae Alocerus moesiacus (Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837) *Quercus suber L.: Maleshevska Mt., 1.3 km SW of Mikrevo vill., 310 m a.s.l., 41 36 50.9 N, 23 11 03.5 E, adult reared from dead stem (diameter 10 cm), sample collection 8 April 2018, dead imago 21 May 2018. Arhopalus (Arhopalus) ferus (Mulsant, 1839) Pinus sylvestris L.: Zavala Mt., 1090 m a.s.l., 42 49 35.2 N, 22 47 44.4 E, 1 adult under bark of dried stem, 05 September 2017. Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Brancsik, 1886 *Prunus avium: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 680 m a.s.l., 42 39 22.7 N, 23 14 29.3 E, 3 larvae in stem wood, 03 March 2017 (Fig. 2A). Cerambycinae Anaglyptus (Anaglyptus) mysticus (Linnaeus, 1758) *Fagus sylvatica: West Balkan Range, 2,1 km NW of Petrohan pass, 1540 m a.s.l., 43 08 19.9 N, 23 06 49.7 E, 1 adult in semi-decayed wood of stump, 29 April 2017. *Crataegus monogina L.: Golo bardo Mt., Ostritsa reserve, 1100 m a.s.l., 42 33 32.7 N, 23 02 50.6 E, 1 adult reared from dead branches of living tree, sample collection 28 April 2018, emergence 18 May 2018. Cerambyx (Cerambyx) cerdo cerdo (Linnaeus, 1758) *Quercus suber: Maleshevska Mt., 1,3 km SW of Mikrevo vill., 310 m a.s.l., 41 36 50.9 N, 23 11 03.5 E, 1 adult in the wood of dead stem, 14 April 2017. Cerambyx (Microcerambyx) scopolii scopolii Fuessly, 1775 *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42 40 33.0 N, 23 20 35.5 E, 3 larvae under bark of dead stems, 22 March 2017. Quercus dalechampii: Western Rhodopes Mts., 4,2 km SE of Yundola vill., 1140 m a.s.l., 42 02 23.5 N; 23 53 52.8 E, 1 larva in wood of stump, 28 May 2017 (Fig. 1C). *Quercus cerris L.: Lylin Mt., below Manastirski livadi loc., 920 m a.s.l., 42 39 25.3 N, 23 11 07.2 E, 1 dead adult in stem wood, 1 November 2017. Phymatodes (Phymatodes) testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42 40 33.0 N, 23 20 35.5 E, 1 adult reared from pupa found under bark of dead stem, sample collection 8 April 2017, emergence 18 April 2017. Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) *Paliurus spina-christi Mill.: Maleshevska Mt., Tisata Reserve, NE of town of Kresna, 250 m a.s.l., 41 43 58.5 N, 23 09 20.9 E, larvae and 3 adults reared from dead stems (diameter 3 cm), sample collection 7 April 2018, emergence 4-11 June 2018 (Fig. 1D). 50
Fig. 2. A Saphanus piceus, larva; B Aegomorphus krueperi, pupa; C Acanthocinus aedilis, pupa; D Acanthocinus griseus, larva. Pyrrhidium sanguineum Linnaeus, 1758 *Quercus dalechampii: Lyulin Mt., 600 m N of St. St. Cyril and Methodius Monastery, 950 m a.s.l., 42 39 18.3 N, 23 11 07.2 E, 1 adult reared from pupa found under bark of dead stem, sample collection 23 November 2017, emergence 22 January 2018. Ropalopus (Ropalopus) femoratus (Linnaeus, 1758) *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42 40 33.0 N, 23 20 35.5 E, 1 adult reared from larva found under bark of dead stem, sample collection 8 April 2017, emergence 2 May 2017. Callimoxys gracilis (Kraatz, 1863) *Paliurus spina-christi: Sakar Mt., 1.1 km NE from town of Lyubimets, Hasarya loc., 115 m a.s.l., 41 51 49.0 N, 26 05 32.9 E, 1 adult reared from dead stem, sample collection 9 February 2018, emergence 10 March 2018. Trichoferus pallidus (Olivier, 1790) *Quercus dalechampii: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 690 m a.s.l., 42 39 22.9 N, 23 14 37.4 E, 1 adult reared from larva found in stem wood, sample collection 03 March 2017; emergence 19 June 2018. The Eastern Rhodopes Mts., 1.2 km N от Panichkovo vill., m a.s.l., 41 51 25.9 N; 25 09 07.1 E, 1 adult reared from pupa found under bark of dead stem, sample collection 26 July 2018, emergence 1 August 2018. 51
Lamiinae Acanthocinus (Acanthocinus) aedilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Pinus sylvestris: The Western Rhodopes Mts., near Kostandovo rail way station, 820 m a.s.l., 42 02 17.5 N; 24 04 25.9 E, 4 pupae under bark of dead stems, 1 August 2017 (Fig. 2C). Acanthocinus (Acanthocinus) griseus (Fabricius, 1793) *Abies alba: The Western Rhodopes Mts., 3 km S of Smolyan, 1335 m a.s.l., 41 32 58.1 N, 24 41 25.4 E, 2 adults reared from larvae found under bark of dead stem, sample collection 23 June 2018, pupation - 26 June 2018, emergence 10-14 July 2018 (Fig. 2D). Aegomorphus krueperi (Kraatz, 1859) *Quercus suber: Maleshevska Mt., 1,3 km SW of Mikrevo vill., 310 m a.s.l., 41 36 50.9 N, 23 11 03.5 E, 3 adults reared from pupae found in semi-decayed wood of dead branch, sample collection 8 April 2018, emergence 18 April 2018 (Fig. 2B). Leiopus (Leiopus) linnei Wallin, Nylander & Kvamme, 2009 *Juglans regia L.: Lozenska Mt., near Lozen Monastery, 972 m a.s.l., 42 35 19.6 N, 23 31 18.8 E, 5 adults reared from dead branches of living tree, sample collection 28 February 2018, emergence 23 April-31 May 2018. *Quercus dalechampii: Lozenska Mt., 874 m a.s.l., 42 35 22.5 N, 23 30 44.4 E, 2 adults reared from dead branches of living tree, sample collection 28 February 2018, emergence 18-31 May 2018. Leiopus (Leiopus) nebulosus nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42 40 33.0 N, 23 20 35.5 E, larva under bark of dead stem, 22 March 2017. Mesosa (Mesosa) curculionoides (Linnaeus, 1760) *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42 40 33.0 N, 23 20 35.5 E, larva under bark of dead stem, 08 April 2017. *Prunus avium: Vitosha Mt., 320 m NW of Tihia kat Restaurant, 1030 m a.s.l., 42 38 29.35 N, 23 13 01.11 E, adult reared from damaged stem of living tree, sample collection 07 April 2016, emergence 14 July 2017. Mesosa (Aplocnemia) nebulosa (Fabricius, 1781) Betula pendula: Vitosha Mt., Tihia kat loc., 1090 m a.s.l., 42 38 18.3 N, 23 13 22.7 E, larva in wood of dead stem (diameter 3 cm), 18 March 2017. *Quercus cerris: Vitosha Mt., Tihia kat loc., 1080 m a.s.l., 42 38 18.4 N, 23 13 20.5 E, overwintered adult in wood of dry branch (diameter 6 cm), 18 March 2017. *Quercus dalechampii: Lozenska Mt., 874 m a.s.l., 42 35 22.5 N, 23 30 44.4 E, adult reared from dead branches, sample collection 28 February 2018, emergence 04 July 2018. Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1863 Fagus sylvatica: Lyulin Mt., above St. St. Cyril and Methodius Monastery, 1050 m a.s.l., 42 38 56.5 N, 23 10 58.4 E, 3 larvae under bark of stump, 25 March 2017. *Quercus dalechampii: Lyulin Mt., above St. St. Cyril and Methodius Monastery, 1110 m a.s.l., 42 38 56.1 N, 23 10 56.5 E, 2 dead adults in wood, just under the bark of dried stem, 25 March 2017. *Salix caprea L.: West Balkan Range, 5.2 km SW of Barzia vill., 880 m a.s.l., 43 08 44.9 N, 23 08 17.4 E, 6 larvae under bark of lying stems (with diameters of 12-14 cm), 02 April 2017. Saperda (Lopezcolonia) punctata (Linnaeus, 1767) Ulmus minor Mill.: The Eastern Rhodopes, 2.9 km SE of Oreshets vill., 560 m a.s.l., 41 44 14.0 N, 25 55 36.1 E, 52
Table 1. Host plants of established longhorn beetles Family, tree species Pinaceae Abies alba Picea abies Pinus sylvestris Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa Betula pendula Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica Quercus cerris Quercus dalechampii Quercus rubra Quercus suber Juglandaceae Juglans regia Rhamnaceae Paliurus spina-christi Rosaceae Crataegus monogina Prunus avium Salicaceae Salix caprea Ulmaceae Ulmus minor Cerambycid species Acanthocinus griseus, Anastrangalia dubia dubia, Rhagium bifasciatum, Rhagium inquisitor inquisitor Rhagium bifasciatum Acanthocinus aedilis, Arhopalus ferus Rhagium mordax Mesosa nebulosa, Rutpela maculata maculatа Anaglyptus mysticus, Cerambyx scopolii scopolii, Morimus asper funereus, Rhagium mordax Cerambyx scopolii scopolii, Mesosa nebulosa Cerambyx scopolii scopolii, Leiopus linnei, Mesosa nebulosа, Morimus asper funereus, Pyrrhidium sanguineum, Rhagium mordax, Trichoferus pallidus Cerambyx scopolii scopolii, Leiopus nebulosus nebulosus, Mesosa curculionoides, Pachytodes erraticus, Phymatodes testaceus, Prionus coriarius, Ropalopus femoratus Aegomorphus krueperi, Alocerus moesiacus, Cerambyx cerdo cerdo Leiopus linnei Callimoxys gracilis, Purpuricenus budensis Anaglyptus mysticus Mesosa curculionoides, Prionus coriarius, Rutpela maculata maculata, Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Morimus asper funereus Saperda punctata 1 adult reared from dead stem, sample collection 6 May 2018, emergence 8 June 2018. Forty-two trophical relationships were established in this study (Table 1). Among them, 33 connections are new records for Bulgaria, and the remaining ones were found in previous investigations (Doychev et al., 2017). In this study, Trichoferus pallidus was found for first time in Vitosha Mt. In addition, second specified locality of Leiopus linnei was established in Bulgaria. Recently, the species was reported from Strandzha Mt. (Georgiev et al., 2018). L. linnei is known 53
to be connected with Quercus and Acer species only (Wallin et al., 2009), and therefore, Juglans regia is a new host. In conclusion it should be noted, that the new records enlarge existing knowledge about longhorn beetles host plants and distribution of the species in Bulgaria. Acknowledgements: A part of published data was based on the results of some projects as follow: Project 19/19.01.2016 Stocks and role of dead biomass in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest ecosystems in West Balkan Range supported by University of Forestry Sofia; Project Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) supported by Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water Sofia and Bulgarian Enterprise for Management of Environmental Protection Activities; Project 18-D-50/24.04.2018 Monitoring of xylophagous insects on Picea abies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris in forest stands affected by wind in 2018 and development of measures to reduce their number supported by South-Central State Enterprise Smolyan. References Bense, U. 1995. Longhorn Beetles. Illustrated key to the Cerambycidae and Vesperidae of Europe. Weikersheim, Margraf Verlag, 512. Danilevsky, M. L., 2018. Catalogue of Palaearctic Cerambycoidea. (Updated: 06.08.2018). URL: http:// www.cerambycidae.net. Danilevsky, M.L., D.Gradinarov, O. Sivilov. 2016. A new subspecies of Morimus verecundus (Faldermann, 1836) from Bulgaria and a new subspecies of Morimus asper (Sulzer, 1776) from Greece (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Humanity space. International almanac, 5 (2), 187-191. Doychev, D., P. Topalov, G. Zaemdzhikova, V. Sakalian, G. Georgiev. 2017. Host plants of xylophagous longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria. Acta zoologica bulgarica, 69 (4), 511-528. Georgiev, G. D. Doychev, N. Simov, B. Guéorguiev, R. Bekchiev. 2013. Contribution to the knowledge of cerambycid (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Belasitsa Mountain in Bulgaria. Silva balcanica, 14 (1), 109-116. Georgiev, G., D. Gradinarov, I. Gjonov, V. Sakalian. 2018. A check list and areography of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Strandzha Mountain, Bulgaria and Turkey. Silva balcanica, 19 (1), 89-116. Mamaev, B. M., M. L. Danilevsky. 1975. Larvae of Longhorned Beetles. Nauka, Moskow, 282 (In Russian). Migliaccio, E., G. Georgiev, V. Gashtarov. 2007. An annotated list of Bulgarian Cerambycids with special view on the rarest species and endemics (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Lambillionea, 107 (1), supplement 1, 1-78. Plavilschtikov, N. 1936. Faune de l URSS. Insectes Coleopteres. 21. Cerambycidae (P. 1), Moscou- Leningrad, Edition de l Academie des Sciences de l URSS. 612 (In Russian). Plavilschtikov, N. 1940. Faune de l URSS. Insectes Coleopteres. 22. Cerambycidae (P. 2), Moscou- Leningrad, Edition de l Academie des Sciences de l URSS. 785 (In Russian). Plavilschtikov, N. 1958. Faune de l URSS. Insectes Coleopteres. 23. Cerambycidae (P. 3), Lamiinae, P. 1. Moscou-Leningrad, Edition de l Academie des Sciences de l URSS. 592 (In Russian). Švácha, P., M. L. Danilevsky. 1986. Cerambycoid larvae of Europe and Soviet Union (Coleoptera, Cerambycoidea). Part I. Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Biologica, 30 (1-2), 1-186. Švácha, P., M. L. Danilevsky. 1987. Cerambycoid larvae of Europe and Soviet Union (Coleoptera, Cerambycoidea). Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Biologica, 31 (3-4), 121-284. Švácha, P., M. L. Danilevsky. 1988. Cerambycoid larvae of Europe and Soviet Union (Coleoptera, Cerambycoidea). Part III. Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Biologica, 32 (1-2), 1-205. Wallin, H., U. Nylander, T. Kvamme. 2009. Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa (2010), 31-45. E-mails: doychev@abv.bg; sakalian@online.bg; ggeorgiev.fri@gmail.com 54