Bibliographic Plan for The Kladas Revolt Alex Kuestner LIS 601 Spring 2012 April 17, 2012
Table of Contents Scope and Scope 3 Audience.4 Useful Terms..4 Subject Headings and Descriptors...4 Reference Sources and Databases...4 Search Terms and Corresponding Relevance....6 Sample Annotated Bibliographic Entries... 8
Topic and Scope My topic is a movement in 15th century Greece that resisted conquest by the Ottoman Empire and the Venetian Republic during a time in which most of the country had already fallen. This movement was called the Kladas Revolt and was named for Korkondilos Kladas, who was one of its leaders. 1 It was basically the last remnant of the Eastern Roman (later called Byzantine) Empire struggling to maintain independence while being repeatedly attacked by both the Ottoman Empire and the Venetian Republic. 2 Constantinople, the capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire, was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453. 13 The 1453 conquest is fairly well known, but what is less widely mentioned is that there was another province, called the Morea, which remained in Roman control beyond the fall of Constantinople. This province was invaded by the Turks a few years later and was mostly conquered by them at that time. However, a smaller region of the Morea, known as Maina, remained independent. Maina was under almost constant attack by both the Turks and the Venetians for at least fifty years. 4 I created this bibliographic plan to specialize in the history of Kladas and his followers during their struggle to keep Maina free from foreign rule. I also wanted to find out how long the movement lasted. I found that the movement mostly died out after its first two years (from 1479-1481), but that some of Kladas s followers continued to fight the occupying forces of the Ottomans and the Venetians at least until 1503. 5 Kladas himself was executed by the Ottomans after they captured him in 1490, but his son succeeded him as leader of the revolt. I was unable to learn which son was his successor, although I did learn that he had at least five sons. The ethnic group that lived in Maina were called Maniots. Although the Kladas movement ended in 1503, the Maniots violently resisted Turkish occupation for approximately 300 years. 6 Many of Kladas s descendants were prominent in these later struggles. 1 I think I first learned this in junior high or possibly even earlier. I vaguely remember my textbook of the time being called People and Our World: A Study of World History. I am not absolutely positive if that was this textbook specifically that mentioned the 1453 date and have no idea as to the page number. For the sake of expediency in citing information that I learned a very long time ago and is in any case commonly known I have used the first source I could find with that same information on Google Books.
Audience The audience is people interested in either Greek or Roman history. People who are interested in early struggles for political independence from large empires would also find it intriguing. Useful Terms Since Korkondilos Kladas was the best known leader of the Kladas Revolt, his name was the most useful term. Korkondilos Kladas was translated from other scripts such as Greek and Turkish, so the spelling varies. Therefore, using alternate spellings such as Krokendilos Cladas was useful. The names of other leaders such as Theodore Buas and Graetzas Paleologus were also somewhat helpful. Terms such as revolt, Mani, Maniot, Maina, stradioti (the Venetian term for the soldiers loyal to Kladas), resistance, Byzantine, Morea, Peloponnesus, fighting, and the years when major events took place were all useful for finding information about the Kladas Revolt. Subject Headings and Descriptors I used the 28th edition of Library of Congress Subject Headings. GREECE HISTORY, MILITARY 1453-1821 HISTORY SA NT subdivision History under names of countries, cities, etc. BATTLES BIOGRAPHY DIPLOMACY MILITARY HISTORY Reference Sources and Databases Before going more in depth with UH s databases I used the name Kladas on GoogleBooks and found several history books which mentioned him. Most contained only a few passing
references, but some were quite informative. The information I learned from them and from a cursory Google search is what I used to write the Topic and Scope section of this outline. I searched some databases which I thought might have relevant information. Academic Search Premiere had several articles about the relations between Venice and the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. While these were about the Kladas Revolt specifically I could probably glean some information about it from them since they reflect the bigger political picture of the time. MasterFile Premiere also had some information, but seemed to have less than Academic Search Premiere. I tried searching for important terms related to the Kladas Revolt (such as names of people and places) on the International Medieval Bibliography (IMB). I was unable to find anything that seemed relevant although I did find an entry about a musician with the Kladas surname who lived in the same general area in the early 1400s. She may have been one of Korkondilos s relatives. The most useful database I used through UH was Dissertations and Theses. I was able to find one particular dissertation, Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian Administration in 15th-Century Nauplion, by Diana Wright, which had a wealth of very detailed information about the Kladas Revolt. I knew about this dissertation in particular because it was cited as a source in several other resources I had previously viewed, so I was able to find it by searching specifically for its title. The focus of this dissertation was on Bartolomeo Minio, who in charge of the Venetian province with which the people involved in the Kladas Revolt fought. Translations of letters and official decrees from and to Minio relating to the Kladas Revolt were plentiful. I later discovered some additional information by this same author from a Google search as it turns out that she is currently writing a book about Korkondilos Kladas specifically, but has not yet published it. In the meantime she has created a website which contains some articles about Kladas and other prominent members of the revolt. I searched Worldcat and Voyager by subject heading and for specific books that were cited as sources in the useful resources that I have already mentioned. I found that one of these, The Chronicle of the Morea, had limited information about the Kladas Family, which provided some insight into the revolt.
Search Terms and Corresponding Relevance Key Y=Yes; YM=Yes many; YS= Yes some; N=no; RWL=Relevant but wrong language Note: the IMB database autocorrected typed words so that I could select the term I meant from a drop-down menu. I included the term from the drop-down menu in the table, since that is the one that the search was actually for. Resource Term Number of Results Useful or Not? Google Kladas 36,300 YS Google Korkondilos Kladas 17 YM Google Clada 162,000 N Google Clada 153,000 YS Google Kladas AND Maina 61,300 YM Wikipedia Kladas 1 Y Google Books Kladas 6030 N Google Books Theodore Bua 4,720 YS Google Books Maina Kladas 53 YM IMB Kladas 1 Y IMB "Maïna, Peloponnisos, 1 RWL Greece" IMB Morea 80 N IMB "Bua, Byzantine 1 RWL family" IMB Ottomans OR 0 N Venetians AND war Voyager Chronicle of the 2 YS Morea Voyager Morea 20 YS Voyager Kladas 0 N
Voyager GREECE HISTORY, MILITARY 1453-1821 0 N Voyager GREECE HISTORY, 1821 0 N MILITARY 1453- Voyager Greece History 11 N Military World Cat su: GREECE 0 N HISTORY, MILITARY 1453-1821 World Cat su: Greece History 1,611 N military World Cat Kladas 318 N World Cat Beylik AND Maina 0 N World Cat Morea 3,436 YS Project Muse Kladas 0 N Project Muse Morea 63 YS MasterFile Premier Kladas 0 N MasterFile Premier Morea 0 N Academic Search Kladas 0 N Premier Dissertations and Kladas 0 N Theses Dissertations and Theses Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian 1 Y
Dissertations and Theses Administration in 15th-Century Nauplion Morea 0 N Sample Annotated Bibliographic Entries Houtsma, M. Thomas, Thomas alker rnold, en Basset, ichard Hartmann,.. ensinck, illi Heffening, variste vi-proven al, and H... Gibb. Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples. Leyden: E.J. Brill Ltd, 1913. [DS37.E5] This encyclopedia focuses on the broader political situation between the Ottoman Empire, Venetian Republic, and Roman Empire during the time leading up to the Kladas Revolt. It also contains important facts about the military struggle of Kladas s people against foreign invaders, including both the Ottomans and the Venetians. This source is unique in claiming that the revolt Kladas started touched off constant rebellion against every foreign power for over 300 years. Miller, William. The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566). New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, 1908. [DF 601.M5] This book contains detailed descriptions of some of the military aspects of the Kladas Revolt, such as battles that were fought between Kladas s followers and the Ottomans. It also provides an outline of the major events in the revolt from its inception in 1480, up until Kladas s death in 1490 and the subsequent succession of his son. Savvid s, le s G. K., Benjamin Hendrick, licia. Simpson, and Thekla Sansaridou- Hendrickx. Encyclopaedic Prosopographical Lexicon of Byzantine History and Civilization. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007. [DF 506.E6413 2007] This is an encyclopedia comprising the biographical information of several thousand people who were important in local politics in the Eastern Roman Empire. It contains information about Korkondelos Kladas s background and that of other important Romans prior the outbreak of the
revolt that bears his name. It is useful in understanding the key personalities involved and what may have contributed to their decision to maintain their independence from both the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire. Shawcross, Clare Teresa M. The Chronicle of Morea: Historiography in Crusader Greece. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2009. [DF 623.S53 2009] This book is a modern scholar s interpretation of a historic source The Chronicle of the Morea, which was written about the Morea region in which the Kladas Revolt took place, but some years before it began. Although The Chronicle of the Morea is too early to relate directly to the Kladas Revolt, it does have information about the Kladas and Paleologus families, several members of whom numbered among the most prominent leaders in the struggle as well as showing how they reacted to a similar invasion two hundred years earlier. Additionally, the parts of this book that were written by the modern author mention the Kladas Revolt of 1480 and some important details about the castles Korkondelos Kladas used to defend the Morea. Wright, Diana Gilliland. Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian Administration in 15th-Century Nauplion. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1999, 1999. [D6.C32 1999 W74] This dissertation, located in UH s Dissertations and Theses database, contains very detailed information about the politics involved in 15th century Morea that contributed to the Kladas evolt. It describes Korkondilos Kladas s background and some of the factors that led him to the movement. This source uses primary records that were written by Bartolomeo Minio (a Venetian governor who was at times allied and others opposed to Kladas), as well as others who corresponded with him. Unfortunately this dissertation only covers the movement up until 1483, which is when Minio moved to a different post. 1 Wright, Diana Gilliland. Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian Administration in 15th-Century Nauplion. Thesis (Ph. D.)-- Catholic University of America, 1999, 1999. 2 Miller, William. The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566). New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, 1908. 3 Millidge, Joseph, eds. Constantinople 1453: The end of Byzantium. Botley, England: Osprey Publishing, 2000. 4 Houtsma, - and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples. Leyden: E.J. Brill Ltd, 1913.
5 Wright, Diana Gilliland. Bartolomeo Minio: Venetian Administration in 15th-Century Nauplion. Thesis (Ph. D.)-- Catholic University of America, 1999, 1999. 6 nd Thekla Sansaridou-Hendrickx. Encyclopaedic Prosopographical Lexicon of Byzantine History and Civilization. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2007.