Contribution to the Bulgarian Pteromalid Fauna (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)

ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA Acta zool. bulg., 63 (2), 2011: 151-156 Contribution to the Bulgarian Pteromalid Fauna (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) Ivaylo Todorov Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia; E-mail: i.toddorov@abv.bg Abstract: Distributional data for 21 species of Pteromalidae from 4 subfamilies (Miscogasterinae, Ormocerinae, Pteromalinae and Spalangiinae) is presented. Five species are new to the fauna of the Balkan Peninsula and 16 species are new to the Bulgarian fauna. A new host for Spalangia nigroaenea is established Saltella sp. Some species are reared from their hosts in laboratory conditions. The habitats for most of the species and plant associations for Systasis angustula, Caenacis infl exa, Psilocera punctifrons and Sphegigaster intersita are also presented. Key words: Pteromalidae, new records, new host, Bulgarian fauna Introduction Pteromalidae family has been poorly studied in Bulgaria. Before this publication it has not been an object of extensive research. The most of the species, known from this country were previously recorded in revisions and monographies about whole European pteromalids as well as accidentally in some Bulgarian zoological journals (CHORBADZHIEV 1926; TSALEV 1966; NIKOLOVA 1972; PELOV 1975; PELOV et al. 1993; MARKOVA 1997; PELOV 1999; BALEVSKI & SIMOVA 2006) and publications in the field of applied entomology (CHORBADZHIEV 1932; POPOV 1964; GRIGOROV 1964, 1968, KEREMEDCHIEV & GANCHEV 1973; DOCHKOVA 1991; OVCHAROV & PENEV 1991, TSANKOV et al. 1991, TSANKOV & GEORGIEV 1991; TSANKOV & STALEV 1992; GEORGIEV 2005). More detailed list was published by THURÓCZY (1990) who recorded 42 new species from Bulgaria. However, the real number of species was 39, because Callitula bicolor SPINOLA and Spintherus dubius NEES were previously recorded (THOMPSON 1958; PECK 1963; BOUČEK 1964; HERTING 1973) and Psilocera atra WALKER was later synonymised in Psilocera obscura WALKER (GRAHAM 1992). As a result 103 pteromalid species have been recorded from Bulgaria before this publication. This is a relatively small part compared to the number of species known from Europe 1432 (NOYES 2003). Furthermore, the distribution of the most species is not sufficiently studied on Bulgarian territory. Materials and Methods The specimens for this study were collected by the author from 2003 to 2010 with the exception of Psilocera rufipes and P. crassispina which have been given up by Dr. Toshko Ljubomirov. The material is deposited in the collection of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research at the Bulgarian Academy of 151

Todorov I. Sciences. The most of the specimens are mounted on glue boards whereas the others are preserving in ethanol (95%). Five collecting methods have been used rearing from the host, aspiration, sweeping, pitfall trapping and Malaise traps. All individuals of Spalangiinae and Muscidifurax raptor GIRAULT & SANDERS (Pteromalinae) have been reared from pupae of coprobiont Diptera. Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae RONDANI has emerged from Drosophila sp. pupae. Ten specimens of Spalangia nigra LATREILLE and one of Spalangia nigroaenea CURTIS have been taken out by dissection because of the death occurred before the emergence. The pteromalids were identified using specialized keys, reviews, revisions and monographic works (BOUČEK 1963, GRAHAM 1969, DZHANOKMEN 1978, RUEDA & AXTELL 1985, BOUČEK & RASPLUS 1991, ASKEW & KENNAUGH 1992, BOUČEK & HEYDON 1997, GIBSON 2009). The hosts were identified by the author using keys for adults or immature Diptera (STACKELBERG 1970, SMITH 1989) and the galls were identified according to MELIKA (2006). The new species for Bulgaria are marked with one asterisk whereas these recorded for the first time from the Balkan Peninsula are marked with two asterisks. Results Miscogasterinae **Merismus rufipes WALKER, 1833 Material examined: Vitosha Mts., Zlatni Mostove area, (42 36 56 N/23 14 13 E), 1429 m, 29. VII. 2010, 1, coll. by sweeping in blooming grass associations next to coniferous forest. Distribution: Holarctic species, recorded from Europe and United States of America (NOYES 2003). **Miscogaster elegans WALKER, 1833 Material examined: Vitosha Mts., Malinka hut area (42 36 02 N/23 13 45 E), 1532 m, 14. IX. 2010, 1, coll. by sweeping in meadow next to coniferous forest. Distribution: The species was recorded only from European countries but not from Eastern Palearctic (NOYES 2003). *Miscogaster rufipes WALKER, 1833 Material examined: Monastery hills near Elhovo (42 11 58 N/26 25 13 E), 246 m, 05. V. 2009, 1, coll. by aspiration in meadow in almond garden. Distribution: Palearctic species, recorded from England to Kazakhstan but mainly from European countries (NOYES 2003). Ormocerinae **Semiotellus laevicollis THOMSON, 1876 Material examined: Vitosha Mts., Gurgulitsa riverside (42 31 16 N/23 20 25 E), 1330 m, 25.V. - 03.VI.2010, 1 ; 03-12.VI.2010, 5, 5 ; 12-25. VI.2010, 1, 2, coll. by Malaise trap. Habitat: meadow next to forest of Pinus sylvestris L. Distribution: Palearctic species, recorded only from Hungary, Romania, Sweden and United Kingdom (NOYES 2003). *Systasis angustula GRAHAM, 1969 Material examined: Vitosha Mts., Kupena hut area (42 32 43 N/23 19 45 E), 1595 m, 01.VII.2010, 1 ; Gurgulitsa riverside (42 31 21 N/23 20 19 E), 1370 m, 17.VII.2010, 1 ; Trendafila hotel area (42 35 36 N/23 13 18 E), 1634 m, 29.VII.2010, 1, swept from inflorescences of Filipendula ulmaria L. (in marshy area). Distribution: Palearctic species, recorded from seven countries - United Kingdom (England), Canary Islands, Hungary, Netherlands, China, Romania, Spain and Sweden (NOYES 2003). Pteromalinae *Anisopteromalus calandrae HOWARD, 1881 Material examined: Sofia, Hipodruma distr. (42 40 48 N/23 17 41 E), 582 m, 03.X.2010, 1, in stored products. Distribution: Cosmopolitan species, introduced along with the hosts in all biogeographic regions (SURESHAN 2010). *Caenacis inflexa RATZEBURG, 1848 Material examined: Vitosha Mts., near Barite area (42 31 50 N/23 20 24 E), 1378 m, 04.XI.2010, 5, 5, em. on 08-28.XII.2010 from galls of Diplolepis rosae (Cynipidae), growing on Rosa obtusifolia. Distribution: Palearctic, recorded from Europe and Iran. 152

Contribution to the Bulgarian Pteromalid Fauna... Lariophagus distinguendus A. FÖRSTER, 1841 Material examined: Sofia, Druzhba distr. (42 38 31 N/23 24 45 E), 565 m, 18.X.2010, 3, in stored products; Dunavtsi, S Vidin (43 54 32 N/22 49 27 E), 46 m, 24.XII.2010, 14, 2, in stored wheat grains. Distribution: Widespread species, probably introduced in the same way like A. calandrae. *Muscidifurax raptor GIRAULT & SANDERS, 1910 Material examined: Chepintsi vill., near Sofia (42 45 41 N/23 25 15 E), 517 m, 17.VII.2004, 1, em. on 30.VII.2004 from Phormia regina puparium (Diptera: Calliphoridae); Sofia, Gorublyane distr. (42 38 52 N/23 26 45 E), 550m, 05.VIII.2004, 3, 1, em. on 09. VIII., 15. VIII., 17. VIII., 21.VIII.2004 from Ph. regina puparium; Habitat: Livestock manure. Distribution: Very common species, associated with manure all over the world. *Notoglyptus scutellaris DODD & GIRAULT, 1915 Material examined: Vitosha Mts., Shevovitsa area (42 32 25 N/23 20 54 E), 1244 m, 10.VIII.2010, 1, coll. by sweeping in meadow next to coniferous forest. Distribution: Widespread species, that is not recorded only from South America (NOYES 2003). *Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae RONDANI, 1875 Material examined: Sofia, Malashevtsi distr. (42 43 03 N/23 20 44 E), 532 m, 24.VIII.2010, 88, 88, em. 28.VIII. - 09.IX.2010 from Drosophila sp. puparium (Diptera: Drosophilidae); Habitat: decomposing (fermentating) fruits. Distribution: The species has a cosmopolitan distribution. Before this publication it was recorded from the most countries in the Balkan Peninsula, with the exception of Albania, Bulgaria and Macedonia (NOYES 2003). Psilocera crassispina THOMSON 1878 Material examined: Plovdiv, Maritsa valley, 160m, 5-17.X.2002, 1 (S. Petrov). Distribution: Palearctic species (NOYES 2003). **Psilocera punctifrons THOMSON, 1878 Material examined: Vitosha Mts., Gurgulitsa riverside (42 31 16 N/23 20 25 E), 1330m, 13-25.V. 2010, 1, Malaise trap; Shupni kamak area (42 30 08 N/23 15 12 E), 1389 m, 24.VII.2010, 1, swept from flowers of Hypericum perforatum L. Distribution: The species seems to be palearctic and has been recorded from Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Netherlands and Sweden (NOYES 2003). *Psilocera rufipes GRAHAM, 1992 Material examined: Strandzha Mts., N Kosti vill. (42 04 N/27 46 E), 240 m, 10.IX.2006, 1 (T. Ljubomirov), coll. by pit trapping. Distribution: Netherlands, Slovenia (NOYES 2003). **Sphegigaster intersita GRAHAM, 1969 Material examined: Vitosha Mts., Zlatni Mostove (42 36 56 N/23 14 13 E), 1429 m, 07.VII.2010, 1, swept from inflorescences of Chaerophyllum aureum L. Distribution: Palearctic species, that was recorded from England to China (NOYES 2003). *Sphegigaster pallicornis SPINOLA, 1808 Material examined: Sofia, Hipodruma distr. (42 40 48 N/23 17 41 E), 582 m, 23.X.2005, 16, on window. Distribution: S. pallicornis is a Holarctic species but in Palearctic it has been recorded only from countries in two subregions European-West- Siberian and Mediterranean (NOYES 2003). Spalangiinae *Spalangia cameroni PERKINS, 1910 Material examined: Lozen vill., near Sofia (42 36 31 N/23 28 02 E), 656m, 31.VIII.2003, 1, em. on 06.X.2003 from Physiphora sp. puparium (Diptera: Ulidiidae); Varna, Vinitza distr. (43 14 54 N/27 59 27 E), 126 m, 07.VII.2003, 2, em. on 29.VII.2003 from Musca sp. puparium (Diptera: Muscidae); Habitat: livestock manure. Distribution: Cosmopolitan, recorded from all biogeographic regions (GIBSON 2009, NOYES 2003). *Spalangia endius WALKER, 1839 Material examined: Varna, Vinitza distr. (43 14 54 N/27 59 27 E), 126m, 07.VII.2003, 1, em. on 21.VII.2003 from Musca sp. puparium; Habitat: livestock manure. 153

Todorov I. Distribution: Cosmopolitan, recorded from all biogeographic regions (GIBSON 2009, NOYES 2003). Spalangia nigra LATREILLE, 1805 Material examined: Sofia, Gorubliane distr. (42 38 08 N/23 24 55 E), 564m, 02.IV.2004, 1, em. on 05.IV.2004 from Syritta sp. puparium (Diptera: Syrphidae); 14.IV.2004, 4, 5, em. on 21.V., 23.V., 07.VI., 12.VI.2004 from Syritta sp. pupae; 14.IV.2004, 1, 9, taken out on 17.VI.2004 from S. pipiens pupae through dissection. Habitat: livestock manure. Distribution: Cosmopolitan, recorded from all biogeographic regions (GIBSON 2009, NOYES 2003). Spalangia nigroaenea CURTIS, 1839 Material examined: Varna, Vinitsa distr. (43 14 54 N/27 59 27 E), 126 m, 07.VII.2003, 8, 6, em. on 15.VII., 18.VII., 21.VII., 22.VII., 25.VII.2003 from Musca sp. pupae; Sofia, Gorubliane distr. (42 38 08 N/23 24 55 E), 564 m, 14.VII.2003, 6, em. on 21.VII., 25.VII., 28.VII.2003 from Physiphora sp. pupae; 1, em. on 28.VII.2003 from Saltella sp. puparium (Diptera: Sepsidae); Lozen vill., near Sofia (42 36 31 N/23 28 02 E), 656m, 21.VII.2003, 8, 1, em. on 04.VIII. and 05.VIII.2003 from Physiphora sp. pupae; 15.VIII.2003, 3, 2, em. on 19.VIII. and 21.VIII.2003 from Musca sp. pupae; 31.VIII.2003, 1, 6, em. on 08.IX., 12.IX. and 30.IX.2003 from Physiphora sp. pupae, 2, em. on 23.IX.2003 from Sarcophaga sp. pupae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae); 07.VIII.2004, 1, 1, em. respectively on 24.VIII. and 04.IX.2004 from Physiphora sp. and Syritta sp. pupae; Habitat: livestock manure. Distribution: A cosmopolitan species, previously recorded for the bulgarian fauna (BOUČEK 1963) from the eastern part of the country. These are the first localities from Western Bulgaria. Spalangia subpunctata A. FÖRSTER, 1850 Material examined: Sofia, Gorubliane distr. (42 38 08 N/23 24 55 E), 564m, 30.IV.2003, 3, em. on 25.V.2003 from Physiphora sp. pupae; 02.VI.2004, 2, em. on 07.VI. and 17.VI.2004 from Physiphora sp. pupae; Chepintsi vill., near Sofia (42 45 41 N / 23 25 15 E), 517m, 23.V.2004, 3, 1 ; Habitat: Livestock manure. Distribution: The species has Holarctic distribution (Gibson 2009) and was recorded for the bulgarian fauna by BOUČEK (1963) from Rila Mts. These are new localities, situated approximately 70 kilometers north of Rila Mts. Discussion This study presents 21 pteromalid species, 16 of which are new to the Bulgarian fauna. As a result the complete number of recorded species reaches 119. Many specimens were collected from the Vitosha Mountain during the year 2010. All of the previously well studied faunistic groups from this mountain show high biodiversity and presumably a number of new pteromalids are expected to be caught. The research also presents information about the biology of some species. A new host for Spalangia nigroaenea, belonging to the genus Saltella and four plant associations are recorded. These associations have an importance regarding to the collection and studying of the species especially during the blooming period of the plants. With respect to the recently known data the information above extends the range of some pteromalids. Previously recorded localities of Psilocera rufi pes (BOUČEK 1977), Spalangia endius and Systasis angustula (MITROIU & ANDRIESCU 2005) are situated on the borders of the Balkan Peninsula whereas the localities in Bulgaria are the first inside this area. Merismus rufi pes, Psilocera punctifrons, Semiotellus laevicollis and Sphegigaster intersita are recorded for the first time from the Balkan Peninsula and in the most southern situated European localities for these species. Miscogaster elegans is new for the Balkans too. Аcknowledgements: The author is thankful to Dr. Toshko Ljubomirov (Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) for his valued help about identification of some species and to Dr. Dimitar Dimitrov (National Museum of Natural History, Sofia) for the identification of plant species. I am also grateful to Dr. Anelia Stojanova (Paisii Hilendarski Plovdiv University), Dr. Gary Gibson (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa), Dr. Jean-Yves Rasplus (Centre for Biology and Management of Populations, Montpellier, France), Dr. John Heraty (University of California, USA), Dr. John Noyes (The Natural History Museum, London) and Dr. Mircea Dan- Mitroiu (Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Romania) for sending me important papers about Pteromalidae taxonomy. 154

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