SHARE-Asia Project: Meteoclimatic Research in Himalaya and Karakorum Gianni Tartari, Vuillermoz E., Verza GP., Schommer B. Ev-K 2 -CNR Committee, Bergamo, Italy 4 th CEOP International Meeting, Tokyo 28 February 4 March 2005
The scientific activity of the Ev-K 2 -CNR Project SINCE 1987 ARE DEVELOPED SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELDS OF Medicine & physiology Biology Environment Earth Science Anthropology Technology http://www.evk2cnr.org
Aims of SHARE-Asia The main objective of SHARE-Asia is to acquire knowledge on high altitude climate in the Himalaya and Karakorum and: to contribute at the studies on the complex mechanisms of interaction between the local and synoptic atmospheric circulation; provide base data for validation of the GCM models studying the Asian monsoon; contribute to studies on climate variability and its effects on high altitude ecosystems; to contribute on basic limnological researches on high altitude lakes & rivers and in general on effects of antrophic pressure on water quality; improve the comprehension of the mechanisms governing long-range pollutant transport; finally, to collaborate at local level to contribute at the increasing of capacity building trough the direct collaboration with local scientists and management Authorities.
+ + = PMG = base data for CEOP 1 PMN = Pyramid MeteoNetwork (Khumbu Valley, Nepal) Mt. Everest (8848 m) Pyramid Pheriche Namche Lukla Pyramid MeteoNetwork 2700-5000 m PMN will provide base data for CEOP 2 extending the data set to Karakorum
SHARE-Asia stations Everest Pyramid (5000m) C H I N A Pheriche (4200m) P A K I S T A N K2 N E P A L Namche (3800m) Lukla (2700m) PMN INDIA Urdukas (4000 m)
AWS URDUKAS, Baltoro Glacier, Pakistan Name Position Coordinates Height (m) Operative since AWS-PK1 Urdukas 4 m Latitude N 35 43'41" Longitude E 76 17'10" 3925 (aneroid) 4086 (GPS) 18 June 2004
The PMN contribution to monsoon studies diurnal variability in the monsoon regions represent a complex interplay of responses of convection, moisture and circulation to solar heating, thermal and mechanical effects from topography, latent heating from precipitation, and surface heating. [CEOP Phase II, Implementation plan, pag. 46] Figure 9-5a. Time series of daily total precipitation (mm) observed at Pyramid (dark blue line) and at Syangboche (red line), estimated by GMAO MOLTS (light blue rectangles) and TRMM data (green rectangles) during July 2001. Figure 9-5b. Diurnal cycle of average 3- hourly total precipitation (mm) at Pyramid (dark blue), Syangboche (red) and estimated by GMAO MOLTS (light blue) during July 2001. Time is in UTC (Nepal LT 6-hr).
Other contribution of PMN: study of pollutant circulation 15 10 Lukla (2700 m) Namche (3800) Pheriche (4200) Pyramid (5000) 5 0-5 -10-15 set-02 ott-02 nov-02 dic-02 dic-02 gen-03 feb-03 mar-03 apr-03 Fall-winter daily mean temperature ( C)
Pyramid anomalies? 12 9 6 3 0-3 -6 15 12 9 6 3 0 Temperature [Post-monsoon (Oct02-Mar03)] Pheriche (4200 m) - Pyramid (500 m) Namche (3500 m) - Pyramid (5000) 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 Pyramid Pyramid 15 10 5 0-5 -10-15 Pyramid -20-20 0 Pheriche 20 15 10 5 0-5 -10 Pheriche Namche -15-20 -20 0 Namche 20 Fall-winter hourly mean temperature ( C)
PMN Total daily precipitation during pre-monsoon period: how influences the aerosol depositon mechanins? 22 20 18 16 Namche (3500 m) Pyramid (5000 m) 14 mm 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ott-02 ott-02 nov-02 dic-02 gen-03 feb-03 mar-03
COMPARISON BEWEEN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALPINE AND HIMALAYAN FRESH SNOW SAMPLES 30,00 (Mean value) Lithological origin 25,00 20,00 Alps Himalaya Monsoon Season Himalaya Extra Monsoon Season µeq/l 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 Cl- NO3 SO4- Na+ NH4 K+ Mg++ Ca++ Anthropogenic origin Marine/evaporitic origin Data source Alps: Nikus et al., 1997; Balzani Loov, 2003, Bini, 2004 Himalaya: Marinoni et al., 2000; Balerna et al., 2002; Kang et al., 2004
PRE-MONSOON PERIOD Analysis performed by Dr. Paolo Bonasoni, ISAC-CNR, Bologna
MONSOON PERIOD Analysis performed by Dr. Paolo Bonasoni, ISAC-CNR, Bologna
Snow chemical composition at high altitude (>5000 m) Meteoclimatic research [CEOP I&II] To study on macro and micro-pollutants long-range transport mechanisms [ABC] Influence of ABC on premonsoon snow deposition
Contribution of SHARE-Asia on ABC monitoring of pollutants transport K2 Ev Mean Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at visible wavelength Sampling In field analysis and pre-treatment Transport
Everest
SHARE-Asia contribute to ABC Project
Future plan of new stations at high (>4000 m) altitude and remote areas in Himalaya&Karakorum National Institute of Nuclear Physic ARGO A cosmic ray telescope Tibet YangBaJing
CONTRIBUTIONS OF SHARE-ASIA ACTIVITIES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Direct involvement of the local communities encouraging consolidation of their role in the sustainable management of their environment Involvement of local scientific institutions in Nepal and Pakistan and Regional Organizations (ICIMOD) WSSD International Partnership to create a DSS for Hindu-Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya region