1. THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS (C.U) 1. Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga 2. There are many advantages of the Himalayas to us. Some of them are: i) They are the natural boundaries of our country and hence are called body and soul of India. ii) The Himalayas are the sources of many rivers which flow into India. iii) There are many fertile soils in the plains of the Himalayas. iv) The Himalayas make several natural water falls which are used for hydroelectricity. v) The slopes of the Northern Mountains are the treasure house of wealth. 3. Himalayas are the most significant geographical structure of the India. They comprise the most dominating geographic feature of India. No other mountain range anywhere in the world has affected the life of people and shaped the destiny of a nation as the Himalayas have in respect of India. The Himalayas are the body and soul of the India. In a very special measure Himalayas formed the India s national mountain system. 4. A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by accumulation of snow on mountains or near the pole is called glacier. 5. The three ranges of the Himalayas are: i) The Great Himalayan range ii) The Lesser Himalayas iii) The Outer Himalayan range. 6. The Himalayas act as natural boundaries for India. They function as an effective barrier for the enemy. 7. Amarnath, Vaishno devi, Badarinath, kedarnath, Gangotri, Yamunotri, Uttarakhand, etc. Oral Questions (For F.A) (C.U) 1. Srinagar, Jammu 2. 8,848 meters 3. Dehradun 4. Dun 5. Sub Himalayas C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. ( HOT Questions) 1. Yes 2. No 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. Yes STANDARD - 4 50
D) Match the following (Conceptual Understanding) Dogri - Jammu & Kashmir Bhutia - Sikkim Chang - Nagaland Mizo - Mizoram Manipuri - Manipur E) Locate the following states in Indian map. (Mapping Skills) 1. Jammu & Kashmir. 2. Himachal Pradesh 3. Assam 4. Nagaland 5. Mizoram 6. Arunachal Pradesh 7. Manipur 8. Meghalaya 1 2 3 8 7 5 6 4 2. THE NORTHERN PLAINS (For Formative and Summative Assessment) (C.U) 1. The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and Sutlej rivers. 2. The Punjab plain and the Ganga plain 3. The tributaries of the river Ganga are Gomti (Gumti), Ghaghara (Gogra), Gandaki (Gandak), and Kosi (Kusi) 4. The Ganges Delta (also known as the Ganges Brahmaputra Delta) 5. The plain is drained by the Indus and its tributaries such as the Sutlej, Beas and Ravi. The plain slopes gently down towards the south-west; hence the rivers follow the slope of the land. The soil is porous. Large boulders, gravel, sand and clay cover the foot-hill regions of the Punjab plain and they are known as Bhabar. There are two climate types, humid subtropical with dry winters and sub-tropical steppe prevail in this region. A major part of the annual rainfall is received in the months of July, August and September. Oral Questions (For F.A) (C.U) 1. flat 2. tea 3. Ganga 4. Sutlej, Beas and Ravi C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. ( HOT Questions) 1. No 2. No 3. No 4. Yes 5. No 51
D) Match the following. (Conceptual Understanding) State Capital Punjab Lucknow Uttar Pradesh Dispur Assam Agartala Tripura Patna Bihar Chandigarh E) Locate the following places in the map of India. (Mapping Skills) 1) The Northern Plains 2) Deccan Plateau 3) The Himalayan range 4) Indian desert 3. THE WESTERN DESERT (C.U) 1. An oasis is actually a spot in the desert where the elevation is low enough. It provides water to the people of desert. 2. The Thar Desert or the Great Indian Desert has an extreme type of climate. Strong wind can easily move the sand from one place to another, and thus the sand dunes keep shifting all the time. In the desert areas, the summer season is very hot and the winters are very cold. After the sun sets, the sand cools down quickly and thus the nights are very cold. There is hardly any rainfall. 3. Small hills of sand are called sand dunes. 4. A camel is a very useful animal in desert. It is the chief mode of transportation. A camel can live without food and water for a long time. 5. The desert is located in Western part of Rajasthan. 6. Camel is called the Ship of the Desert. It is a very useful animal in the desert regions. It is the chief mode of transportation. It can travel miles without taking rest. It can live without water and food for many days. Oral Questions (For F.A) (C.U) 1. Thar 2. extreme 3. oasis 4. day and night 5. Desert 52
C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. ( HOT Questions) 1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. No 5. Yes D) Match the following (Conceptual Understanding) 1. Date palms Aravalli Ranges 2. Water from the Satluj river Hills of sand 3. One of the oldest mountain system in the world Oasis 4. Great Indian Desert Indira Gandhi Canal 5. Sand dunes Western Rajasthan 4. THE SOUTHERN PLATEAU (C.U) 1. The Southern Plateaus are triangular in shape. River Narmada divides them into two parts-the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. The Southern Plateaus cover a large part of India. They stretch from 1600 km from north to south and 1400 km from east to west. 2. The Southern Plateau is the oldest part of India that in turn is divided Into several large or small plateaus. The Southern Plateaus are surrounded by hill ranges on all sides. The Aravalli Hills are in the north-west and the Rajmahal hills in the north-east. The Eastern Ghats and Western ghats are towards the east and west respectively. The Chota Nagpur Plateau is rich in minerals especially coal. The other minerals are iron, manganese, bauxite and mica. The main mining Centers are Jharia, Giridih, Bokaro and Raniganj. We can find dense population here. 3. The Deccan is a peninsular plateau located in central India that Includes inland sections of the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka. The river valleys are densely populated, but the dry areas lying in between the rivers are often lightly settled. Other cash crops include millet, oil-seeds, and wheat, and there are tea and coffee plantations in the south. Among major Deccan cities are Pune, Hyderabad, and Bangalore. 4. The Center Plateau consists of the Malwa & Chota Nagpur Plateaus. The area to the south of River Narmada & the Satpura Hills is the Deccan Plateau. Oral Questions (For F.A) (C.U) 1. Aravalli and Rajmahal 2. Malwa and Chota 3. Satpura 4. coal 5. Nilgiri 6. Jog falls 53
C) Match the following. (Conceptual Understanding) A B 1. Aravalli Hills Narmada and Tapti 2. Rajmahal Southern Plateau 3. Nilgiri Western ghats 4. Vindhya hills North east 5. The Satpura Hills North west D) Identify eleven rivers in this word search. (Information Skills) A S U T L E J K B V F L K J U I Q E A U P O A Y A M U N A V V B V E O T A P I W E L O P Y I O H A S D R A V I G O D A V A R I L P N O I U N T R W W S D D M F G A N G A D S A U T R Y D W N Q M V C S I T Y I K L S H G F D E) Locate the following places in the map of India. (Mapping Skills) 1. The Satpura mountains 2. The Aravalli Mountains 3. The River Mahanadi 4. The Nilgiris 5. The Rajmahal Hills Aravali Satpura Mahanadi Nilgiris Rajmahal 5. THE COASTAL PLAINS AND ISLANDS (C.U) 1. A peninsula is a piece of land that is almost entirely surrounded by water but is connected to the mainland on one side. 54
2. The important coastal plains of India are - Eastern Coastal Plains, Western Coastal Plains. 3. The major groups of islands are Arabian Sea islands, Bay of Bengal islands and offshore islands. 4. The differences and comparison between Eastern and Western Coastal Plains are discussed below: 1. The Eastern Coastal plain lies along the east coast of India and is washed by the Bay of Bengal. But the Western Coastal Plain lies along the west coast of India and is washed by the Arabian Sea. 2. The East Coast plain runs smoothly from the north to the south with a broad plain and level surface. But the West Coast plain also runs from the north to the south and it is in some places intersected by the mountain ridges. 3. Eastern Coastal Plain is broader than the West Coast plain. The width varies from 80 to 100 km. 5. A lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by barrier islands or reefs. Yes, we can find lagoons in India s coast line. 6. The Arabian Sea islands (8-12 20 N and 710 45-74 E) comprise 36 islands (only 10 inhabited) of Lakshadweep Group with an area of 108.78 sq. km (average elevation of 3-5 m) and population of 60,595 (2001). Only 25% of the area is inhabited. The southern most island (Minicoy) is separated from the rest of the group by the 9 Channel. Lakshadweep Islands are of coral origin which has been developed around volcanic peaks. 7. Length of Coastline of Indian mainland is 6100 km. Coastline of Indian mainland is surrounded by Arabian Sea in the west, Bay of Bengal in the east, and Indian Ocean in the south. The long coast line of India is dotted with several major ports such as Kandla, Mumbai, Navasheva, Mangalore, Cochin, Chennai, Tuticorin, Visakhapatnam, and Paradip. Oral Questions (For F.A) (C.U) 1. Kutch and Khambat 2. Malabar and Konkan 3. 6,100km 4. Kavaratti 5. Malabar and Konkan C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. ( HOT Questions) 1. Yes 2. No 3. No 4. Yes 5. Yes 55
D) Match the following. (Conceptual Understanding) Kanyakumari Visakhapatnam Port Blair Indira Point Coral reef Ship-building yard Cellular jail Southernmost tip of India Sea animals Vivekan and Memorial Rock E) Locate these in the map of India (Mapping Skills) Student Activity 6. OUR TREASURED RESOURCES OUR FOREST AND WILDLIFE 1. The following are the main types of forests in India. i) Evergreen forests ii) Deciduous forests iii) Thorny forests. 2. Thorny forests are mostly found in the dry areas of the Indian desert and parts of the Deccan Plateau. 3. Vanmahotsava is celebrated every year to plant more trees. 4. Tall trees with needle-shaped leaves are found in coniferous forests. These forests are found along the higher slopes of the mountains. 5. The wild animals like lion, tiger, elephants, deer, snakes, etc and birds which live in a forest are called wildlife. Various types of wild animals are found in the forests of India. 6. Sunderbans are situated in West Bengal. Oral Questions. 1. Evergreen 2. Himalayas 3. Tiger, peacock 4. West Bengal 5. rainfall, floods 6. Thorny C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. Yes 2. No 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. No D) Match the following. Kanha - Madhya Pradesh, Gir - Somnath, Gujarat Ranthambore - Jaipur, Rajasthan. 7. OUR SOILS 1. Orchards are grown in mountain soils. 56
2. Soil is made up of loose, weathered rock and organic material which serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. Soil is formed over time from a combination of five soil-forming factors. 3. There are different types of soils. They are Mountain soils, alluvial soils, black soils, red soils, desert soils and laterite soils. 4. The removal of top soil by the action of water or wind is known as soil erosion. 5. Soil conservation is the act of keeping the soil in place and healthy. Where erosion is taking place or the soil is becoming contaminated with metals, acids or through overuse it becomes lost. This in turn means that an important source of food, carbon dioxide fighting plants, shade and cover is lost with it. Roots of plants specially grass provide hold to soil. Rows of trees or shelter belts are planted to protect the soil. Oral Questions. 1. soil erosion 2. Red soils 3. orchard crops 4. Laterite soils 5. desert C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. Yes 2. No 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. Yes D) Match the following 1. Northern Plains 1) Mountain soil 2. Himalayan regions 2) Desert soil 3. Thar Desert 3) Black soil 4. North- West Deccan Pleateau 4) Red soil 5. Tamil Nadu 5) Alluvial soil E) Write any two main crops grown, according to following regions. Deccan Plateau : Sugarcane, Groundnut Rajasthan Desert : Wheat, Bajra Northern Plains : Wheat, Corn Hilly areas : Paddy, Soybean 8. OUR WATER RESOURCES 1. We use water for many things-drinking, washing, bathing, cooking etc. 2. Rain is the main source of water. Rivers, streams, tanks, canals, wells and tube wells are the other sources of water. 3. Dams are constructed across rivers for various purposes. They are known as multi purpose projects. 57
4. The uses of dams are: Irrigation, Control of floods, Production of electricity, Cheap transportation. 5. Tanks form an important source of water in many of the Indian villages. Tanks receive water during rains and become dry in times of droughts and famines. In cities, over head tanks are built to serve the needs of the people. Oral Questions. 1. dam 2. water 3. rainfall, canals and lakes 4. Tungabhadra 5. Nagarjuna Sagar 6. Canals C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. No 2. No 3. Yes 4. Yes D) Match the following. 1. The Nagarjunasagar (a) West Bengal 2. The Tungabhadra (b) Madhya Pradesh 3. The Chembal (c) Uttar Pradesh 4. The Ramganga (d) Karnataka 5. The Damodar valley (e) Telangana E) Hydroelectric power is produced as water passes through a dam, and into a river below. The more water that passes through a dam, the more energy is produced. F) Fill in the blanks produce by water resources. Rain water Tanks Well Stream Water Resources Pound Tube wells Canal G) Write at least 5 projects and rivers in India. Projects Rivers 1. Nagarjuna sagar project Krishna 2. Hirakud project Mahanadi 3. Tungabhadra project Tungabhadra 4. Bhakranangal project Sutlej 5. Sardar Sarovar project Narmada 58
9. OUR MINERAL WEALTH 1. An ore is a rock deposit that contains enough mineral. 2. Metallic minerals are those minerals which can be melted to obtain new products. Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting. 3. Coal is a plentiful resource that has been used for thousands of years to produce energy, both in the form of heat and electricity. The main coalfields of the country are located at Jharia, Bokaro and Dhanbad of Bihar, Ranging and Burdhwan of West Bengal. 4. Mineral oil is deposited in the interior of the earth, being mixed with water, natural gas and other materials in the sedimentary rock layers. It is refined in the refineries and petrol, diesel, kerosene, vaseline, etc. are produced out of it. Crude oil is pumped out of the wells of Digboi and Naharkatiya of Assam, Ankleshwar and Kosamba of Gujarat and the Mumbai High on the continental shelf area off-coast Maharashtra. 5. We can conserve minerals by following these steps: Controlling population growth to reduce demand for minerals. Create social awareness regarding conservation of minerals. Reuse and recycle minerals. Avoid use and acceptance of minerals which are not essential. Oral Questions. 1. Iron 2. Minerals 3. fuel 4. Bauxite 5. Materials C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. No 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. Yes D) Write any two uses of minerals. Coal - Production of energy and electricity. Oil - Used as fuel and energy production. Gold - In the making of jewellery. Iron - Steel making and atomic energy. E) Match the following. 1. e, 2. d, 3. a, 4. b, 5. c. F) Below are four other minerals resources. Write two sentences for each that describes what these minerals are used for. GOLD : Gold is a precious mineral. It is used in making gold ornaments and gold biscuits. 59
COPPER : Copper is used in electrical equipment such as wiring and motors. This is because it conducts both heat and electricity very well, and can be drawn into wires. DIAMOND : Diamonds are used in jewellery and cutting and polishing of other stones. SALT : Salt is used in food to make it more flavourful. Salt is used to remove fruit stains. 10. MEANS OF TRANSPORT 1. The two main advantages of road transport are : The pucca roads provide the means for fast and comfortable travel. The roads connect the towns and cities with the villages. 2. Name any two advantages of rail and road transport. The farmers mostly use bullock carts to carry the goods to towns and cities through road transport. The roads connect the towns and cities with the villages. Railways provide a cheap and fast means of transport. Railways carry men and materials in times of floods, famines, wars etc. 3. There are many advantages of waterways. Waterways involve low cost. Waterways have flexibility. 4. The two main advantages of air transport are : Aeroplanes are the fastest means of transport Air transport can reach places where road and rail transport cannot reach. 5. The two advantages of water transport are : They are the cheapest means of transport to carry bulky goods. They carry goods from one part of the world to another Oral Questions (For F.A) 1. Helicopters and Aeroplanes 2. Shipping 3. Water 4. cheap and fast 5. Buses C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. No D) Look at the vehicles below. Circle each of the vehicles that are facing left. Student Activity. E) Unscramble the following words, and then match them with the right image. left side : Bicycle, Helicopter, Ship. Top : Air plane, Bottom : Boat, right side : Taxi, Balloon, Tram. 60
F) Fill in the missing vowels for each of the following words. Fire engine, Ambulance, Car, Yacht, Van, Train, Scooter, Truck, G) Write at least 3 transportation names in each box. 1. Car, ship, aeroplane, train. 2. Tractor, Boat, Helicopter, 3. Bus, Steamer, Space craft. 4. Truck, Submarine, Rocket. 11. OUR NATIONAL SYMBOLS 1. The National Flag is a horizontal tricolor flag. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel which represents the chakra. The top saffron colour, indicates the strength and courage of the country. The white middle band indicates peace and truth with Dharma Chakra. The green shows the fertility, growth and auspiciousness of the land. 2. The National emblem is used only for official purposes and commands highest respect and loyalty. It is also a symbol of independent India s identity and sovereignty. 3. We should stand still when the National Anthem is being sung or played. 4. Our national bird is Peacock and our national animal is tiger. 5. Lotus is our national flower. It symbolizes purity, achievement, long life, and good fate. 6. The meaning of SatyamevaJayate is Truth alone Triumphs. 7. Hockey is our National game. Hockey was considered as the National game because of its unmatched distinction and incomparable talent at the time. At that time India had played 24 Olympic matches and won all of them. 8. Mango is our national fruit and Banyan is the National tree of India. Oral Questions. 1. 24 2. 26th January, 1950 3. Rabindranath Tagore. 4. Lotus 5. Bengal tiger 6. 52 seconds. C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. No 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. No 5. Yes 6. No D) Write a short note on Sarnath Pillar. The national symbol of India, the Lion capital of Ashoka stands tall at Sarnath. It is a sculpture of four Indian lions that are standing back to back and was originally placed a top the Asoka pillar at Sarnath. The National Emblem of India was taken from the Lion Capital of Ashoka and the wheel Ashoka Chakra that stands at the centre of the Indian national flag was taken from the base of the Lion Capital of Ashoka. 61
E) Write the names of national Holidays and their importance. 1. Independence day - 15th August - India got freedom 2. Republic day - 26th January - Constitution 3. Gandhi Jayanthi - 2nd October - Gandhiji s Birthday 4. Children s day - 14th November - Nehru s birthday 12. WE AND OUR GOVERNMENT OUR GOALS, RIGHTS AND DUTIES (For Formative and Summative Assessment) 1. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is a living document, an instrument which makes the government system work. 2. The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950. 3. Socialism is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. 4. Democracy is a form of government in which people are governed by their own elected representatives. It is a government of the people, for the people and by the people. 5. Fundamental rights and duties are the very basic rights that are universally recognized as fundamental to human existence and indispensable for human development. 6. These are the guidelines in the Constitution to be followed by the governments while administering the state. i) The state shall provide adequate means of livelihood, both to men and women. ii) Oral Questions The state shall ensure equal pay for equal work for both men and women. iii) It should do its best to raise the standard of living and to improve public health. 1. responsibilities and duties 2. democratic country 3. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar 4. Rights and duties 5. Liberty C) Write a few lines about our government goals, rights and duties. Implementation of Fundamental Duties and rights are our government goals, rights and duties towards its citizens. 62
D) Find out about the MLA representing your place and write few words in the given place. The major responsibility of a M.L.A is to serve the people of the region from which he is elected. It is his responsibility to implement laws of the country. He/she should think, talk and work for progress of his place from where he is elected. E) Find out the names of the governors and chief ministers of all states in India. (Information skills) STATE CHIEF MINISTER GOVERNOR Andhra Pradesh N. Chandra Babu Naidu ESL Narasimhan Arunachal Pradesh Kalikho pul Jyothi prasad Rajkhawa Assam Sarbananda Sonowal Padmanabha Acharya Bihar Nitish kumar Ramnath Kovind Chhattisgarh Raman Singh Balramji Das Tandon Delhi Arvind kejriwal Najeeb Jung (Lt. G) Goa Laxmikant parseker Mrudula Sinha Gujarat Anandiben Patel Om Prakash Kohli Haryana Manohar lal kattar Kaptan Singh Solanki Himachal Pradesh Virbhadra Singh Acharya Dev Vrat Jammu & Kashmir Mehbooba Mufti Narinder Nath Vohra Jharkhand Raghuver das Droupadi Murmu Karnataka Siddaramaiah Vajubhai Vala Kerala Pinarayi Vijayan P. Sathasivam Madhya Pradesh Shivraj Chouhan Ram Naresh Yadav Maharashtra Devendra Fadnavis C. Vidyasagar Rao Manipur Okram Ibobi Singh V. Shanmuganathan Meghalaya Mukul Sangma V. Shanmuganthan Mizoram Pu Lalthanhawla Nirbhay sharma Nagaland TR Zeliang Padmanabha Acharya Odisha Naveen Patnaik SC Jamir Puducherry V. Narayana Swamy Kiranbedi (Lt. G) Punjab Prakash Singh Badal Kaptan singh solanki Rajasthan Vasundhara Raje Kalyan singh Sikkim Pawan Kumar Chamling Shriniwas Dadasaheb Patil Tamil Nadu Jayalalithaa K Rosaiah Telangana K Chandrashekhar Rao ESL Narasimhan Tripura Manik Sarkar Tathagata roy Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav Ram Naik Uttarakhand Harish Rawat Krishna Kant paul West Bengal Mamata Banerjee Keshari Nath Tripathi 63
13. LIVES IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF INDIA A) LIFE IN THE NORTHERN MOUNTANIOUS REGION. 1. Long and high ranges of mountains lie in the North and North-eastern parts of India. 2. The Himalayas stretch from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh, covering a distance of 2,600 kilometers. States like Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and parts of West Bengal, etc., also lie in the Himalayas. The Himalayas have some of the highest peaks in the world like Mount Everest & Kanchenjunga. 3. The summer months of May and June are not really hot in the mountains. In fact, some mountains remain covered with snow even in summer. The monsoons cause heavy rainfall in the foothills of the Himalayas. 4. On the Dal Lake in Kashmir, many people make their living by using boats called Shikaras to give rides to tourists. 5. The people of Kashmir wear a typical long woolen shirt called phiran with a salwar. The men cover their heads with caps and women wear dupattas. 6. All the beautiful hill stations in Northern India like Srinagar, Pahalgam, Gulmarg, Shimla, Kulu, Manali, Dharamshala, Dehradoon, Nainital are located in the Himalayas. 7. Jammu Kashmir : Jammu and Kashmir are really three regions: the foothill plains of Jammu; the lakes and blue valleys of Kashmir rising to alpine passes, the high altitude plains and starkly beautiful mountains of Ladakh, which lies beyond those passes. Srinagar is Kashmir s summer capital and Jammu, the winter capital. Among the most attractive part includes into trekking, mountaineering and Trans Himalayan Jeep Safari. Himachal Pradesh : Himachal Pradesh is the land of snow, lofty peaks, cascading streams, alpine meadows & lush fruit-laden valleys. Shimla is the capital of Himachal Pradesh. Shimla, Dalhousie, Kullu, Manali and Kufri are a few of the hill Stations in Himachal Pradesh. Uttarakhand : Uttarakhand is an expression of divinity, austerity, meditation, penance and attainment. Uttarakhand is a paradise for adventure sports. The sheer variety ranging from Mountaineering, Trekking, Skiing, Skating, Water Sports to Aero Sports like Hang Gliding, Paragliding make Uttarakhand one of the most attractive destinations for adventure sports not only in India but the world over. 64
Oral Questions 1. Glaier 2. Himalayas 3. hills 4. Mansoons 5. Dal C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. Yes 2. No 3. No 4. Yes 5. No D) Name the following. Boating in Dal lake, Dance forms in North-eastern states, Mass of rock in Sikkim E) Locate all seven sister states in India map. A. B) LIFE IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS 1. The northern plains extend from Punjab in north-west to Assam in the east. 2. The Northern Plains experience a cold wave in the months of December, January and February. Cold winds blow from the North. There is a dense fog in the mornings and evenings. 3. Agriculture is the main occupation of people living in Northern plains. 4. The rich alluvial soils of India s vast northern plains have nourished large, dense and highly stratified societies for literally thousands of years. Northern plains are home to several of the country s most wondrous monuments including the Taj Mahal and Fatehpur sikri as well as its holiest river, the Ganges. 5. Crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, pulses, oil seeds and jute are grown in Northern plains. Oral Questions 1. Amritsar 2. Punjab 3. Delhi 4. traditional 5. India C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. ( HOT Questions) 1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. Yes 65
D) Look at the picture below and write its name. India Gate, Red Fort, Varanasi Bath Ghats. E) Locate the following in the India map C) LIFE IN THE DESERT LANDS 1. The Great Indian Desert lies to the southwest of the Gangetic plain. 2. Life in the desert lands is very hard. There is acute shortage of water. In some villages people have to travel a few kilometers to get the daily supply of drinking water. 3. The reasons for recording highest insulation and highest temperature in deserts are: There are two reasons: (1) there are no clouds in the atmosphere to scatter the insulation and no water vapour to absorb it, and (2) there is little moisture on the ground to be evaporated. 4. Desert vegetation has its own natural moisture conserving devices. They have thick bark, waxy leaves, thorns, and little vegetative part. Desert plants like cactus adapt themselves to arid conditions by storing moisture in their stem or leaf cells. 5. Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, and Jodhpur are some of the important cities of Rajasthan. Oral Questions 1. Life 2. warriors 3. men 4. Plants 5. Water C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. ( HOT Questions) 1. No 2. No 3. Yes 4. Yes D) Fill in the following table. (Information Skills) 1. Rajasthan : Clothes - Dhoti, waist coat and turban-men, ghagra, a blouse and dupatta-women. Crops people grow - Wheat, rice, vegetables, and maize, millets. Animal found - Camel, reptiles and rodents. Tourist places - Mount Abu Jaipur, Ajmer, Chittorgarh, Udaipur, and Jodhpur. 66
D) LIFE IN THE PLATEAU REGION 1. The Charminar is a monument and mosque in Hyderabad. It was built by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shahi to celebrate the end of a deadly plague. 2. The state of Madhya Pradesh lies in the Plateau region. 3. The main rivers flowing through the plateaus are Narmada, Mahanadi, Krishna and Tapti. 4. Chota Nagpur Plateau which has many mineral deposits like mica, manganese and iron ore. 5. The summer is hot and dry in these regions. Hot winds and dust storms are common in May and June. In the monsoons, rainfall along the Eastern and Western Ghats is heavy. The rest of the area receives moderate rainfall. 6. Bengaluru is a capital city of Karnataka. A number of industries are situated near the city. Important ones are manufacture of Telephones, Aircrafts and Machine Tools. Bengaluru is also known for sandalwood products and silk sarees. 7. Andhra Pradesh is known as rice bowl of India. Oral Questions 1. Secunderabad 2. Rice bowl 3. Rice 4. Angavasram 5. Kuchipudi C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. Yes 2. Yes 3. No 4. No 5. No D) Can you name the picture? (Communication) Charminar, Ganesh Chaturdhi, Kuchipudi dance. E) LIFE IN THE COASTAL REGIONS AND ISLANDS WEST COAST 1. The native meaning of Kerala is Land of coconuts. 2. The coastal plains lie to the east and west of the plateau region. 3. Mumbai, Cochin, Chennai, Kandla, etc., are some of the main ports of India. 4. A gulf is a small part of the sea that enters land. 5. The winter and summer are both mild in these regions. It gets warm in summer but unlike the extreme heat in the plains, the evenings and mornings here remain pleasant due to the sea breeze. 67
6. The Eastern Coastal Plains stretch from Kanyakumari in the south to West Bengal in the east. They include the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal and the union territory of Pondicherry. Oral Questions 1. mild 2. Monsoons 3. Kerala 4. Gujarat 5. Malayalam C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. No 2. No 3. Yes 4. Yes 5. No D) Locate the following places in India map. Mysore, Ooty, Cochin, Pondicherry, Madhurai, Kovalam, Kanya kumari. 14. CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT 1. The President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister and the other ministers together constitute the Union Government. 2. The President of India is elected by the members of the Electoral College, which consists of the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament and the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. 3. The Parliament of India consists of the President and the two Houses the RajyaSabha (Council of States) and the LokSabha (House of the People). 4. The upper house is called the Legislative Council and the lower House of Legislative Assembly. 5. Supreme court is the highest court in our country. 6. The Governer, The Chief Minister and the other ministers constitute the state government. 68
Oral Questions 1. 5 years 2. Delhi 3. President 4. President 5. 552. C) Write Yes or No to the following statements. 1. Yes 2. No 3. Yes 4. No 5. Yes D) Match the following. (Conceptual Understanding) 1. President (c ) a) Delhi 2. Prime Minister (d ) b) Chief Minister 3. Governor (e ) c) PranabMukarjeee 4. Chandrababu Naidu (b ) d) Narendra Modi 5. Supreme Court (a ) e) E S L Narasimhan E) Write the powers of president, governor, CM, PM, Supreme court. LIST President Governor Prime Minister Chief Minister Supreme Court POWERS The President of India appoint following senior officials of the country: 1. Prime Minister 2. Ministers 3. Chief Justice of India and Judges 4. Chief Justices of the states and judges 5. Governors of the states 6. Chief Election Commissioner He appoints the members of the council of minister on the advice of the Chief Minister; He appoints the Advocate General. The governor appoints the district judges. The various powers and authorities enjoyed by the Prime Minister are as follows: He heads the government, he leads the council of ministers, he leads the parliament, and he represents the country. The Chief Minister of a state enjoys in the state a position similar to the position of the Prime Minister in the Union of India. For all practical purpose the Chief Minister holds the executive power of the State Government in his hands. The supreme court solves and settles all the legal matters in the country. It is the highest court in India. 69