ACRP Synthesis 36 Exploring Airport Employee Commute and Parking Strategies Diane M. Ricard, Principal DMR Consulting dricard@alum.mit.edu Exploring Airport Employee Commute and Parking Strategies Webinar January 30, 2014 DMR Consulting Transportation Management Consulting dricard@alum.mit.edu Purpose of Study What is known about airport employee commute patterns/modes? Existing airport employee commute options programs Elements Effectiveness Challenges Other potentially applicable ECOs 1
Report Elements Introduction/background/methodology Case studies ECO Strategies application/potential application at airports Challenges in providing effective ECO Programs at airports Conclusions/further research Focus of Presentation The Airport as Special Trip Generator Airport Employer/Employee Population Challenges to Providing Effective Airport ECO Programs Final Remarks 2
Case Studies Commercial Airports or TMAs that Offer Comprehensive Airport ECO Programs Boston Logan International Airport (BOS) Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) Portland International Airport (PDX) San Francisco International Airport (SFO) London Stansted Airport (STN) Interviews/Data Collection in 2 nd Half 2011 The Airport as a Special Trip Generator DMR Consulting Transportation Management Consulting dricard@alum.mit.edu 3
The Airport as a Special Trip Generator Primary Driver is Flight Schedule 365 days Early a.m. - late p.m.; up to 24 hours Air passenger trips 1-3 hours before first flight Potentially an hour or more after last flight Employee staffing/hours accommodate air passengers, flights, ancillary services Example Seat Distribution: Large U.S. Airport (Top 20) 10.0% 9.0% Departing and Arriving Seats, May 2007 Peak Airport Employee Commute Times are Different than for a CBD or an Office Park 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% % Seats 5.0% 4.0% Departing Seats Arriving Seats 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% 0-:59 1:00-1:59 2:00-2:59 3:00-3:59 4:00-4:59 5:00-5:59 6:00-6:59 7:00-7:59 8:00-8:59 9:00-9:59 10:00-10:59 11:00-11:59 12:00-12:59 13:00-13:59 14:00-14:59 15:00-15:59 16:00-16:59 17:00-17:59 18:00-18:59 19:00-19:59 20:00-20:59 21:00-21:59 22:00-22:59 23:00-23:59 Time of Day 4
Airport Employee/Employer Population DMR Consulting Transportation Management Consulting dricard@alum.mit.edu Airport Employer Population Multiple Employers Airport Owner/Operator Typically employs <10% of total airport employees All Other Employers Employ >90% total airport employees Airlines, concessions, rental cars, flight support services, cargo, FAA, TSA, law enforcement, etc. 5
Characteristics of Employee Population, U.S. Case Study Airports BOS LAX PDX SFO Employees 1 Total 13,950 47,000 10,000 19,300 Airport Operator 825 3,500 759 1,500 Percentage of Total Employees Airport Operator 5.9% 7.5% 5.4% 7.8% 10 Largest 44.2% Unavailable 50.5% 39.5% Employers 2 Largest Employer 9.5% Unavailable 18.6% 13.0% 1 Employees with security badges 2 Excluding Airport operator Airport Employee Population Different Commute Patterns by Segment Flight Crews Multi-day trips + work rules One-way commute trips per week < 10 Shift Workers Scheduled & Unscheduled Overtime Traditional Office Workers Employees with > 1 job 6
Challenges to Providing Effective Airport ECO Programs Challenges to Providing Effective Airport ECO Programs High Occupancy Vehicle Modes Employee Parking Supply Airport Employer Participation Availability of Data Funding DMR Consulting Transportation Management Consulting dricard@alum.mit.edu 7
Airport Work Schedule Personnel Coverage Airport Operating Hours Weekdays, Weekends, Holidays A subset of airport employees commute Monday through Friday during traditional commuting hours HOV Modes Public Transportation What is Availability for Airport Employees? Service Hours versus Work Start & End Time Geographic Coverage Airport Terminal area Other airport work locations (cargo, rental car center, etc.) Airport Employee Residences 8
HOV Modes Public Transportation Commute Times Versus Private Auto Frequency Peak Service Typically Serves Traditional Commute Times Approximately 7 a.m. 9 a.m.; 5 p.m. 7 p.m #Transfers to Airport Airport Scheduled HOV Modes (Buses and Vans) Accommodate Air Passenger Origins Typically in Higher Income Areas Employee Resident Distribution Higher Concentrations Closer to the Airport than Air Passenger Origins 9
Employee Parking Supply Often Low Cost or Free of Charge Cost comparison by employers located at multiple airports Employee recruitment and retention Lack of alternatives to driving Monthly Parking Fee Often Less than Out-of-Pocket Monthly Transit Cost DMR Consulting Transportation Management Consulting dricard@alum.mit.edu Airport Employer Participation Airport Operator Typically Employs < 10% of employee population Lack of Information on Other Employer Programs Case study airports unaware of number of employers offering programs and program elements 10
Availability of Data Data Needed for ECO Program Development and Monitoring Number of Airport Employees by Employer Total Airport Employees: Demographics and Commute Characteristics Number of Employee Vehicle Trips Funding Airport Operator/Other Employers Insufficient funds Low priority Airport operator funding restrictions (revenue diversion) 11
Final Remarks Overcoming Challenges: Development of an Airport ECO Program Total Airport Employee Population Pooled Resources Among Airport Employers Data Collection Incentives for Ridesharing and HOV Use Incentives/Disincentives to Switch from SOV HOV Schedule Improvements Develop Airport Employee-Specific Options Employee Awareness of Options 12
BOS, STN, LAX, PDX, SFO Comprehensive ECO Programs Common Program Elements Page 11, Table 6 Distinguishing Program Elements Page 3 Acknowledgements Airport Cooperative Research Program Senior Program Officer: Gail Staba ACRP Synthesis 36 Topic Panel Members Airport Staff at BOS, STN, LAX, PDX and SFO who provided information for and Review of the Case Studies. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies Federal Aviation Administration 13