#EPPSymposium218 The Jean Monnet Symposium on the Future of European Port Policy Shipping strategies: The rose of global liner alliances in the port of Piraeus Dr. George K. Vaggelas Dept. of Shipping, Trade and Transport University of the Aegean 28-29 June Chios, Greece
Preamble Questions to be answered: 1. How the strategic planning of a liner alliance affects the development prospects of a container port? 2. How the relations inside the alliance are reflected on port selection The scope: 1. To identify linkages between an alliance and the ownership structure of a container port 2. To identify the port s importance for the global trade 3. To better understand the evolvement of alliances strategies
The Shipping Alliances 8.. 7.. 6.. 5.. 4.. 3.. 2.. 1.. 7.375.189 2M Source: Elaboration of data from Alphaliner 33,8% Supply share per alliance 6.437.161 The Ocean Alliance Capacity (TEU) 28,87% 17,8% 3.88.225 The Alliance % of the total capacity 2,98% 4.677.128 Rest of the fleet Major 3: 79,3% of the global supply 35,% 3,% 25,% 2,% 15,% 1,% 5,%,%
The leader 4.5. 4.. 3.5. 3.. 2.5. 2.. 1.5. 1.. 5. 55,38% 44,62% 41,26% 4,38% 42,15% 31,65% 16,59% 17,27% 1,7% TEU Capacity % of the alliance capacity 6,% 5,% 4,% 3,% 2,% 1,%,%
A brief of (port) history The port of Piraeus
Source: Piraeus Port Authority S.A. The port of Piraeus Annual capacity: 6.5 m. TEUs
Some throughput data EU level Source: Porteconomics.eu Theo Notteboom
Some throughput data National level Container Throughput (TEU) 4.5 4. 3.5 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1. 5 21 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 PPA SA PCT SA Total Source: GREPORT 216 & GREPORT 218, Vaggelas G.K. & Pallis A.A.
#EPPSymposium218 Data collection and elaboration 28-29 June Chios, Greece
Data Collection AIS data collection (marinetraffic.com) Daily observations Period: April 2, 218 June 2, 218 Total: 69 observations 538 container ship calls Pier I (PPA SA) and Piers II & III (PCT SA) Data collected: Vessel s name Vessel s capacity in TEU Previous Port Next port Ship management company The alliance in which the vessel belongs
Container fleet break down 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Calls per type of vessel & average size 337 19.847 13.657 9.587 7.2 4.217 5.168 63 49 35 32 1.57 14 6 Feeder Panamax Post Panamax I Post Panamax II New Panamax VLCS ULCS 25. 2. 15. 1. 5.
Container fleet break down Annual max capacity of vessels calling Piraeus: 13.49.31 ΤΕUs Capacity Category Calls Mean cap Min cap Max cap <3. Feeder 337 1.57 652 2.825 3.-4.5 Panamax 49 4.217 3.476 4.469 4.5-6. Post Panamax I 6.-8.5 Post Panamax II 8.5-12.5 12.5-15. New Panamax 35 5.168 4.571 5.936 32 7.2 6.25 8.452 14 9.587 8.58 11.66 VLCS 63 13.657 12.562 14.568 >18. ULCS 6 19.847 19.273 2.15
Itineraries 3 countries 78 ports (next or prior to Piraeus ports) 5 itineraries / month from Saudi Arabia (Direct) 4 itineraries / month from Malaysia (Port Klang- Direct) 9 itineraries / month from Singapore (Direct)
Liner companies Liner Company Calls per month Average capacity per call MSC 66 4.143 COSCO 43 6.287 Evergreen 43 4.234 CMA-CGM 19 4.94 Hapag Lloyd 17 1.215 EMES 15 1.272 Arkas 12 1.722 X-press Feeder 8 767 Borchard Lines 7 1.22 Yang-Ming 7 11.815 ZIM 5 3.989 Blue ice navigation 4 7 Maersk 4 3.547 MCL Feeder Services 4 1.74 Salamis Lines 4 7 Unimed Feeder 4 1.155 Seago Line 3 5.1 Medkon Lines 2 652 NYK 2 14.26 ONE Shipping 2 13.87 OOCL 2 6.317 Tarros 2 1.529
Alliances calls Calls and monthly capacity per alliance 6. 212 538.82 5. 4. 3. 287.625 2. 68 187.445 1. 27 Ocean Alliance 2M The Alliance Call/month Monthly capacity 25 2 15 1 5
Alliances average capacity per call 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 7.73 5.83 4.261 Ocean Alliance 2M The Alliance
Alliances calls break down 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 The Alliance 8275 61789 17 2774 7 2 Hapag Lloyds ONE Yang Ming Monthly calls Monthly max capacity Ocean Alliance 27.341 182.72 43 43 77.785 19 12.634 2 COSCO Evergreen CMA-CGM OOCL 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 3. 25. 2. 15. 1. 5.
Alliances calls break down 3. 25. 2. 15. 1. 5. 14.188 4 273.437 66 Maersk MSC 2M 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Conclusions1/2 Piraeus port more than tripled the container throughput (TEU) in the last 8 years The presence of a major Shipping Line acting also as I.T.O. plays a significant role Piraeus port is embedded in the Asia-Europe Services of the Three-Major Alliances It is well connected with major ports around the globe. Well established port in the European-North African feeder network
Conclusions 2/2 Ocean Alliance is the major client of the port s container terminals (53,14% in terms of capacity and 69,5% in terms of calls) COSCO is the major player in the Ocean Alliance for the port of Piraeus (49,8% in terms of capacity and 4,19% in terms of calls the same as CMA- CGM) Outside the Ocean Alliance, MSC is the major user of the port of Piraeus. Question-mark: How the privatization of the port of Thessaloniki will affect the CMA-CGM services at the port of Piraeus