RUBBLE Amount Classification ENVIONMENTALLY- FRIENDLY REBUILDING DISPOSAL OF RUBBLE RECYCLING OF RUBBLE Artistic rubble REBUILDING OF THE CITY CENTRE C.A.S.E PROJECT TOXIC Lead Asbestos HOW RUBBLE CAN BE DISPOSED PROBLEMS RELATED TO DISPOSAL Dust Noise
L Aquila is built on a hill slope on the left bank of the river Aterno, against the splendid backdrop of the Gran Sasso d Italia Massif. Founded in the mid-thirteen century, it lies in the mountainous heart of Central Italy, 721 m. above sea level and it is located on the main communication route between Naples and Florence, in a strategic position.
L Aquila has always reigned over its surroundings. In the Middle Ages, L Aquila was the economic centre for mountainous Abruzzo thanks to the breeding, sale of livestock (sheep and cattle), wool, almonds and saffron trade. Saffron from L Aquila is still appreciated all around the world.
With a population of 70,000 inhabitants, L Aquila cannot be considered a large city, though it dominates a very extensive area. Yet it is a great city, if we use the term great to describe a town with a strong identity, a rich history, traditions that have survived the passing of time and a community that still clings firmly to its roots while it is also looking to the future and expansion.
In the course of its 750 years of history, the regional capital of Abruzzo witnessed the crowning of Pope Celestino V in 1294, who established the first Jubilee in history. L Aquila saw the building of churches that were to become world spiritual centres and the founding of one of the most impressive Spanish Fortresses.
Safeguarding the territory: a real commitment for L Aquila National Parks are not just useless fenced areas, but material proof that a community has acknowledged the intrinsic, inalienable worth of territory. The APE (Apennine Park of Europe) project protects nature and promotes sustainable development according to the European Union directives.
L Aquila territory has preserved many of its original characteristics through the combination of the untouched environment and the human settlement of the past.
A balance between nature, still dominating the landscape, and the presence of humanity created an important amount of small villages devoted to rural and pastoral traditions, along with the building of churches, castles and mansions.
The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake.
The main shock occurred at 3:32 local time (1:32 UTC) on 6 April 2009, and was rated 5.8 on the Richter scale and 6.3 on the moment magnitude scale. Its epicentre was near L Aquila, which together with the surrounding villages, suffered most damage. There had been several thousand tremors up to December 2008 and more than thirty had a Richter magnitude greater than 3.5.
The earthquake was felt throughout Central Italy. It damaged about 11,000 buildings in the medieval centre of L Aquila and a huge amount of them collapsed. 308 people died including six Macedonians, two Czechs,five Romanians, two Palestinians, one Greek, one French, one Ukrainian and one Israeli citizen, and approximately 1,500 casualties. Twenty of the victims were children. About 65,000 people were left homeless by the earthquake.
Villages in the valley along Strada Statale 17, just outside l'aquila, suffered the greatest damage, while the medieval mountain hill towns lying high above the valley suffered little damage. Onna had the highest rate of deaths 38:350 among its residents. The villages of Villa S. Angelo and San Pio delle Camere were badly damaged.
Many of L'Aquila medieval buildings were damaged. The apse of Basilica di San Bernardino da Siena, L'Aquila s largest Renaissance church, was seriously damaged and its bell tower collapsed.
Almost the whole dome of the 18thcentury church of Anime Sante in Piazza Duomo fell down.
The 13th-century Basilica di Santa Maria di Collemaggio collapsed from the transept to the back of the church Porta Napoli, the oldest gate to the city, was destroyed.
The third floor of Forte Spagnolo, the 16thcentury castle housing the National Museum of Abruzzo, collapsed, as did the cupola of the 18thcentury Baroque church of S. Agostino, damaging L'Aquila's state archives. This church had been rebuilt after it was destroyed in the 1703 earthquake.
Devastated territory 11,000 buildings destroyed or damaged 65,000 homeless Millions of tons of rubble to remove Territory requalification
On the territory devastated by the earthquake, there was the absolute necessity to: shelter approximately 65,000 homeless; renovate or demolish damaged buildings ; remove rubble.
HOUSING 65,000 HOMELESS Renovating houses, if not damaged beyond repair Tearing down and rebuilding houses, if damaged beyond repair Building new temporary housing
In both cases rubble is produced Rubble is a serious environmental problem
Only in the city of l Aquila there are 4 million tons of rubble to be removed: From civil buildings From heritage buildings
Rubble is commonly classified as: NONTOXIC. From construction and demolition: stone, metal, paper, wood, plastic, concrete.. Lead, asbestos, radon, chemicals, fiberglass, wool cladding.
This category contains embellished or ancient materials coming from highly artistic and historical heritage buildings. Due to their historical value it is important to recover and classify them, where possible and reusing them in the restoration of the site.
During the process of restoration of heritage sites, the use of the original materials from the buildings is maintained to restore them to their initial splendour, avoiding faking history.
It s a very delicate, difficult and expensive operation, which requires the intervention of experts (archaeologists, architects and engineers).
How rubble can be disposed Classification, sorting, disposal and storage of rubble are complicated procedures. If carried out correctly we can: Reduce risks linked to toxic materials Recycle non-toxic rubble and employ it in reclaiming the landscape ( eg. ex quarries)
New Settlements: environmentallyfriendly buildings; Quake-resistant devices Environmental sustainability
After the earthquake homeless citizens needed housing for temporary relocation. It would have been impossible to build individual prefab houses for thousands of families without turning the surrounding landscape upside down.
The 19 sites selected to build the new towns are situated within an area of tens of kilometers all around L Aquila
1,278,648 sq mt area including roads, car parks and landscaped areas: 220,248 sq mt housing block surfaces 660,148 sq mt landscaped areas EXTENSION
THE ANTISEISMIC DEVICES 7,368: total number of sliding pendulum isolators used as quakeresistant devices in the C.A.S.E. project. This is the first time in Italy that they have been used so extensively for a single purpose.
THE APARTMENTS 4,600: total number of flats 1,800 sq mt: the living surface of a single block, resting on 40 seismic isolators (the total surface area of the apartments is 330,000 sq mt) 25: apartments per blockbuilding, housing 70/80 people 36: parking spaces per blockbuilding (6,600 parking spaces in all).
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Installation of: - 7,000 sq mt of solar energy panels saving 28,500 KW per year per building - 35,000 sq mt of photovoltaic panels, generating over 5,400.000 KWh per year, saving approximately 200,000 euros per year - 5,000 lt. capacity of rainwater reservoir installed for each building
CASE PROJECT: negative aspects The 19 new towns cost 2.700 euros per square meter. They lack basic amenities and are defined dormitory suburbs. They are located along nowhere stretches of the city outskirts.
Increases management costs for the City Council (public transport, waste collection and maintenance) This displacement Represents an extensive territory requalification in a contest in which natural environment has always been a resource.
A new town was built nearby Assergi, in the heart of Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park. C.A.S.E Project in Assergi
Antiseismic devices Recycling and reuse of artistic rubble Environmental sustainability Smart city
It s a challenge to bring back life and culture to the city centre safeguarding its historical and artistic value, promoting modernization and rebuilding anew when necessary.