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Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation FOCA SAFETY FLIGHT OPS OVERSIGHT FOCA Air Operators Conference Capt. Stephan Eder 08 May 2014 - FOCA-SBOC

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Content FOCA certification 1. Review certification 2. Review continued surveillance FOCA surveillance 3. Review SAFA ORs 4. ORs SAFA 5. What s coming soon What s coming soon 6

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation Whats comig soon FOCA certification 1. certification review OR s SAFA FOCA surveillance Air Operators Conference, Berne, May 08, 2014 Stephan Eder, Head Operation of Complex Airplanes

Certification tasks by SBOC 2013 (2012) AOC variations - new aircraft on AOC: 27 (38) - new OPS specs (Cat II/III, PBN ) 17 (27) OM acceptances 127 (160) Assessment of management personnel 54 (73) User approvals 59 (71) MEL approvals 89 (72) TOTAL 398 (461) (this means approx. 33 (35) certification tasks / FOI / year) 8

New / suspended AOC s New / suspended AOC s since last conference (March 2013) Disappeared from Swiss Sky: - Hello (May 01, 2013) - Sonnig SA (March 17, 2014) Appeared on the Sky: - Gama Aviation (February 3, 2014) 9

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation Whats coming soon FOCA certifiation 2. Surveillance review OR s SAFA FOCA surveillance Air Operators Conference, Berne, May 08, 2014 Stephan Eder, Head Operation of Complex Airplanes

Surveillance FOCA I Total 250 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 162 218 206 222 210 221 174 200 82 65 71 65 78 150 Audits 100 99 139 136 141 151 145 143 Inspections 50 63 35 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 11

Surveillance FOCA II 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 41 38 36 34 31 29 30 29 29 28 26 24 23 23 19 17 16 16 15 15 14 12 13 12 11 11 9 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 5 1 0 B T U2 U3 FI TRTO SQMS S1 SI H+ CC GFI GFWI 2011 2012 2013 12

Surveillance FOCA III 300 299 250 200 150 100 8687 135 105 2011 2012 2013 50 0 67 59 54 56 54 58 41 4342 38 2932 34 24 28 19 13 3 4 7 7 0 2 5 0 0 2 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 AR 01 AR 02 AR 03 AR 04 AR 05 AR 06 AR 07 AR 08 AR 09 AR 10 AR 11 AR 12 AR 13 AR 14 13

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation Whats coming soon FOCA certifiation 3. OR s FOCA surveillance SAFA SAFA Air Operators Conference, Berne, May 08, 2014 Stephan Eder, Head Operation of Complex Airplanes

SAFA-Checks on CH-Aircraft I 400 350 300 250 200 Checks on CH acft Cat. 2 und Cat. 3 150 100 50 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 15

SAFA-Checks on CH-Aircraft II Key issues 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 2011 2012 2013 15 10 5 0 A01 A03 A05 A07 A09 A11 A13 A15 A17 A19 A21 A23 B01 B03 B05 B07 B09 B11 B13 C01 C03 C05 C07 C09 C11 D01 D03 2011 A04 Manuals A10 AOC A05 Checklists A13 Flight preparation A06 Radio navigation charts A14 Weight and balance sheet A07 MEL B01 General internal condition A 23 Defect notification and rectification C01 General external condition A24 Preflight inspection D03 Safety of cargo on board 16

SAFA performance III CH compared to others States with 5 or more inspections 14.01.2013-13.01.2014 Ranking State Operators inspected Aircraft inspected Inspections Findings Cat. 1 Cat. 2 Cat. 3 Ratio 1 Bangladesh 1 4 9 20 4 4 12 4.03 2 Libya 6 8 10 24 7 6 11 3.39 3 Peru 1 4 5 12 2 5 5 3.38 84 Switzerland 32 162 325 185 38 90 57 0.68 113 Japan 3 22 28 6 4 2 0 0.1 114 Mongolia 1 2 5 1 1 0 0 0.06 Trinidad and 115 Tobago 1 2 5 1 1 0 0 0.04 17

SAFA performance IV trend stopped Region Jan. 2013 April 2013 Sep. 2013 Jan. 2014 World 1.05 0.97 0.89 0.85 Europe (ECAC) 0.89 0.83 0.73 0.68 Switzerland 0.79 0.79 0.74 0.68 18

SAFA performance V CH operators individually Operator Aircraft Inspections Findings Cat. 1 Cat. 2 Ratio 1 ESTEL. 1 3 29 4 12 13.0 5 CH-1 5.17 69 CH-2 2.08 74 CH-3 2.0 CH-4 1.58 CH-5 1.33 CH-6 1.0 CH-7 0.66 CH-8 0.66 CH-9 0.65 CH-10 0.63 CH-11 0.56 CH-12 0.49 CH-13 Operators (min. 3 inspections) sorted according to ratio 0.48 Period: 14/01/2013-13/01/2014 CH-14 0.46 CH-15 0.42 CH-16 0.41 CH-17 0.25 CH-18 0.22 CH-19 0.18 654 CH-20 0.0 668 Set.. 2 3 0 0 0 0 19

SAFA performance VI CH compared to others Region Average SAFA ratio Switzerland 0.68 Europe (ECAC) 0.68 - EU 0.68 - non-eu 0.66 North America 1.22 Latin America and the Caribbean 2.06 Middle East and North Africa 1.19 Russian Federation, Belarus and Central Asia (CIS) 1.05 Asia 0.97 Oceania 0.33 Africa 1.45 20

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation Whats coming soon FOCA certifiation 4. OR s SAFA FOCA surveillance Review occurrence reporting Air Operators Conference, Berne, May 08, 2014 Stephan Eder, Head Operation of Complex Airplanes

Occurrence reporting I reporting culture I Since 2010 a 65% increase in the number of reports, reported by Swiss Commercial Airlines to the FOCA is evident. Amongst the smaller airlines and business jet operators, little improvement in the reporting culture in 2013 is evident. 22

Occurrence reporting II reporting culture II 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Average Flights per Occurrence 2011 2012 2013 Mean value 387 323 286 Median 304 223 135 23

Occurrence reporting III reporting culture III Company Flights per Event in 2013 1'200 1'150 1'100 1'050 1'000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z ZZ ZZZ 24

Occurrence reporting IV key items Due to the increased reporting figures, there is a rather high number of increased trends. However, significant increase must be observed in the following categories: Approach and landing events Checklist issues Ground operation Runway and Taxiway incursions /excursions (silent cockpit) 2010 2011 2012 2013 1YR 4 YR HR LR HR LR HR LR HR LR TREND TREND CREW 0 38 1 36 0 46 3 36 DG 18 52 20 58 28 121 41 193 DUTY TIME VIOLATIONS 0 126 0 116 0 142 0 159 ENVIRONMENT 4 83 3 99 6 134 3 139 LIMITATIONS 4 45 0 51 3 41 1 40 OPS APCH-LDG 1 15 1 17 0 22 7 56 OPS CABIN 0 5 0 11 0 14 4 16 OPS CL 5 15 4 5 0 19 5 33 OPS COLLISION 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 OPS EGPWS/TCAS 2 20 0 12 0 8 0 15 OPS FGS 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 3 OPS GND 3 40 4 39 2 32 9 109 OPS INEX 0 23 0 10 0 8 2 18 OPS MISC 2 16 2 16 5 25 4 35 OPS NAV 1 66 1 72 1 74 5 93 OPS PROC 7 16 6 13 6 25 4 30 OPS RPAS 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 6 PAX 0 7 0 7 1 18 2 25 SECURITY 19 152 16 181 18 135 15 228 25

Occurrence reporting V safety issues Checklist versus by heart items i.e. Altimeter setting Manoeuvring errors on taxiways and runways Ground Operations in CH and abroad: - incorrect loading of cargo + baggage - incorrect data on loadsheets - hold nets in cargo bay not secured or damaged, unsecured containers Handling of cockpit automation De-icing: (Inter-)national Regulations and Oversight, Responsibilities and Interfaces, De/Anti-Icing Products Pilot ATC communication (misinterpretation, readback, callsign confusions, blocked transmissions, PLOC (due to speakers off) Silent cockpit philosophy on ground during taxiing 26

SWANS 27

SWANS Reports 2013 - I Since 2007 the FOCA implemented provisions for the voluntary submission of (anonymous) incident reports via the Swiss Aviation Notification System (SWANS). This system constitutes a supplementary means of identifying hazards which may not have resulted in an incident, but which could, if not corrected, present a potential risk for the safety of the aviation system. 28

SWANS Reports 2013 - II As already observed the previous years, the majority of SWANS reports was related to General Aviation operations. Whilst the ratio of reports from the commercial air transport domain remained stable. 29

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation Whats coming soon FOCA certifiation 5. summary oversight 2013 OR s SAFA FOCA surveillance Air Operators Conference, Berne, May 08, 2014 Stephan Eder, Head Complex Operations of Airplanes

SUMMARY HOT TOPICS Operations / Training Skills SOP s Training according to company need/procedures Organisation (Q) Reporting (still) Proper (planned) change management (plan, procedures, train, fly) Procedures management of changes Ground Ops is part of Flight Ops 31

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation 6. What s coming soon

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation 6. What s coming soon a) due dates

due dates I - findings ANNEX II AUTHORITY REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR OPERATIONS [PART-ARO] SUBPART GEN: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SECTION I: General SECTION II: Management SECTION III: Oversight, certification and enforcement 34

due dates II - findings ARO.GEN.300 Oversight (a) The competent authority shall verify: (1) compliance with the requirements applicable to organisations prior to the issue of an organisation certificate or approval, as applicable; (2) continued compliance with the applicable requirements of organisations it has certified; (3)... (b) This verification shall: 35

due dates III - findings ARO.GEN.300 Oversight (a). (b) This verification shall: (1) (2) (3) be based on audits and inspections, including ramp and unannounced inspections; and (4) provide the competent authority with the evidence needed in case further action is required, including the measures foreseen by ARO.GEN.350 and ARO.GEN.355. 36

due dates IV - findings ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations (a) (b) A level 1 finding shall be issued by the competent authority when any significant non-compliance is detected with the applicable requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules, with the organisation s procedures and manuals or with the terms of an approval or certificate which lowers safety or seriously hazards flight safety. (c) A level 2 finding shall be issued by the competent authority when any non-compliance is detected with the applicable requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules, with the organisation s procedures and manuals or with the terms of an approval or certificate which could lower safety or hazard flight safety. 37

due dates V - findings ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations (b) (c) (d) When a finding is detected during oversight or by any other means, the competent authority shall,. (1) (2) In the case of level 2 findings, the competent authority shall: (i) grant the organisation a corrective action implementation period appropriate to the nature of the finding that in any case initially shall not be more than three months.... (ii) assess the corrective action and implementation plan proposed by the organisation and, if the assessment concludes that they are sufficient to address the noncompliance(s), accept these. 38

due dates VI - findings ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations (b) (c) (d) When a finding is detected during oversight or by any other means, the competent authority shall,. (1) In the case of level 1 findings the competent authority shall take immediate and appropriate action to prohibit or limit activities, and if appropriate, it shall take action to revoke the certificate or specific approval or to limit or suspend it in whole or in part, depending upon the extent of the level 1 finding, until successful corrective action has been taken by the organisation. 39

due dates VII - findings ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations (b) (c) (d) (3) Where an organisation fails to submit an acceptable corrective action plan, or to perform the corrective action within the time period accepted or extended by the competent authority, the finding shall be raised to a level 1 finding and action taken as laid down in (d)(1). 40

due dates VIII - findings ARO.GEN.350 Findings and corrective actions organisations (b) (c) (d) When a finding is detected during oversight or by any other means, the competent authority shall,. (1) In the case of level 1 findings the competent authority shall take immediate and appropriate action to prohibit or limit activities, and if appropriate, it shall take action to revoke the certificate or specific approval or to limit or suspend it in whole or in part, depending upon the extent of the level 1 finding, until successful corrective action has been taken by the organisation. 41

due dates IX adherence to findings 300 265 250 236 200 167 188 149 197 177 150 130 2011 2012 100 68 2013 50 0 corrective action on due date corrective action after due date corrective action after due date with extension 42

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation External (audits/studies) FOCA inspections and audits AAIB ORs 6. SAFA What s coming soon b) - FTL disruptive schedule

CR (EU) No 83/2014 CAT operations with aeroplanes shall be subject to Subpart FTL of Annex III. BUT air taxi, emergency medical service and single pilot CAT operations by aeroplanes shall be subject to Article 8(4) of Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 (Subpart Q) of Annex III to Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 and to related national exemptions.. (6) air taxi operation means, for the purpose of flight time and duty time limitations, a non-scheduled on demand commercial air transport operation with an aeroplane with a maximum operational passenger seating configuration ( MOPSC ) of 19 or less. 44

CR (EU) No 83/2014 Article 2 This Regulation shall. apply from 18 February 2016. 45

CR (EU) No 83/2014 ARO.OPS.235 Approval of individual flight time specification schemes (a) The competent authority shall approve flight time specification schemes proposed by CAT operators if the operator demonstrates compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and Subpart FTL of Annex III to this Regulation. 46

FTL disruptive schedule ARO.OPS.230 Determination of disruptive schedules For the purpose of flight time limitations, the competent authority shall determine, in accordance with the definitions of early type and late type of disruptive schedules in point ORO.FTL.105 of Annex III, which of those two types of disruptive schedules shall apply to all CAT operators under its oversight. 47

FTL disruptive schedule ANNEX II Part ORO SUBPART FTL - FLIGHT AND DUTY TIME LIMITATIONS AND REST REQUIREMENTS SECTION 1 General.. ORO.FTL.105 Definitions 48

FTL disruptive schedule ORO.FTL.105 Definitions (8) disruptive schedule means a crew member s roster which disrupts the sleep opportunity during the optimal sleep time window by comprising an FDP or a combination of FDPs which encroach, start or finish during any portion of the day or of the night where a crew member is acclimatised. A schedule may be disruptive due to early starts, late finishes or night duties. (a) early type of disruptive schedule means: (b) late type of disruptive schedule means: 49

FTL disruptive schedule ORO.FTL.105 Definitions (8) (a) early type of disruptive schedule means: (i) for early start a duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and 05:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; and (ii) for late finish a duty period finishing in the period between 23:00 and 01:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; 50

FTL disruptive schedule ORO.FTL.105 Definitions (8) (b) late type of disruptive schedule means: (i) for early start a duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and 06:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; and (ii) for late finish a duty period finishing in the period between 00:00 and 01:59 in the time zone to which a crew member is acclimatised; 51

FTL disruptive schedule Early start between 05:00 06:59 05:00 05:59 Times in time zones to which the crew member is acclimatised. Late Type Early Type 00:00 01:59 23:00 01:59 Late finish between 52

FTL disruptive schedule ORO.FTL.105 Definitions (9) night duty means a duty period encroaching any portion of the period between 02:00 and 04:59 in the time zone to which the crew is acclimatised; 53

FTL disruptive schedule CS FTL.1.235 Rest periods (a) Disruptive schedules (1) If a transition from a late finish/night duty to an early start is planned at home base, the rest period between the 2 FDPs includes 1 local night. (2) If a crew member performs 4 or more night duties, early starts or late finishes between 2 extended recovery rest periods as defined in ORO.FTL.235(d), the second extended recovery rest period is extended to 60 hours. (16) local night means a period of 8 hours falling between 22:00 and 08:00 local time; (9) night duty means a duty period encroaching any portion of the period between 02:00 and 04:59 in the time zone to which the crew is acclimatised; 54

FTL disruptive schedule Early start between 05:00 06:59 05:00 05:59 Times in time zones to which the crew member is acclimatised. Late Type Early Type 00:00 01:59 23:00 01:59 Late finish between 55

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation External (audits/studies) FOCA inspections and audits AAIB ORs 6. SAFA What s coming soon c) Training programs

Training Programmes EU-OPS I Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 - EU-OPS I OPS 1.965 Recurrent Training and Checking (See Appendices 1 and 2 to OPS 1.965) (a) General. An operator shall ensure that: 1. each flight crew member undergoes recurrent training and checking and that all such training and checking is relevant to the type or variant of aeroplane on which the flight crew member operates; 2. a recurrent training and checking programme is established in the Operations Manual and approved by the Authority; 58

Training Programmes EASA IR s ORO.FC.145 Provision of training (a) All the training required in this Subpart shall be conducted: (1) in accordance with the training programmes and syllabi established by the operator in the operations manual; (c) Training and checking programmes, including syllabi and use of individual flight simulation training devices (FSTDs), shall be approved by the competent authority. (d) The FSTD shall replicate the aircraft used by the operator, as far as practicable. Differences between the FSTD and the aircraft shall be described and addressed through a briefing or training, as appropriate. (e) The operator shall establish a system to adequately monitor changes to the FSTD and to ensure that those changes do not affect the adequacy of the training programmes. 59

Training Programmes EASA IR s GM3 ORO.GEN.130(b) Changes - CHANGES REQUIRING PRIOR APPROVAL For commercial operations, the following GM is a non-exhaustive checklist, in alphabetical order, of items that require prior approval from the competent authority as specified in the applicable Implementing Rules: ( ) (c) cabin crew: ( ) (1) evacuation procedures with a reduced number of required cabin crew during ground operations or in unforeseen circumstances; (2) for commercial air transport (CAT) operators, conduct of the training, examination and checking required by Annex V (Part-CC) to Regulation (EU) No290/20121 and issue of cabin crew attestations; (3) procedures for cabin crew to operate on four aircraft types; (4) training programmes, including syllabi; (g) dangerous goods training programmes; (h) flight crew: (1) alternative training and qualification programmes (ATQPs); (2) procedures for flight crew to operate on more than one type or variant; (3) training and checking programmes, including syllabi and use of flight simulation training devices (FSTDs); 60

Training Programmes Syllabus The syllabus is a prospectus that answers a question on the minds of many students on the first day of class: why should I take this course? The syllabus communicates to students a clear idea of the course content, your approach to teaching it, and what they can expect to do and to learn in completing the course requirements. The syllabus should also stimulate interest in the course topic by indicating why the topic is important or intriguing. Keep in mind that colleagues, administrators, and others interested in the course will read your syllabus. Thus, the syllabus provides an opportunity for you to communicate with a larger audience about the course and its significance to broad educational goals. 61

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation External (audits/studies) FOCA inspections and audits AAIB ORs 6. SAFA What s coming soon d) Private ops with acft which are on an AOC

ORO.AOC.125 63

ORO.AOC.125 Private NCC Commercial CAT 64

ORO.AOC.125 ORO.AOC.125 Non-commercial operations of aircraft listed in the operations specifications by the holder of an AOC The holder of an AOC may conduct non-commercial operations with an aircraft otherwise used for commercial air transport operations that is listed in the operations specifications of its AOC, provided that the operator: 65

ORO.AOC.125. (a) describes such operations in detail in the operations manual, including: (1) identification of the applicable requirements; (2) a clear identification of any differences between operating procedures used when conducting commercial and noncommercial operations; (3) a means of ensuring that all personnel involved in the operation are fully familiar with the associated procedures; (b) submits the identified differences between the operating procedures referred to in (a)(2) to the competent authority for prior approval. 66

ORO.AOC.125 AMC to ORO.AOC.125 : NONE Switzerland will develop AltMoC guideline: - lowest possible level: NCC - memory-effect? May be expected before the end of 2014 Until then: no difference to today 67

Federal Office of Civil Aviation - FOCA Safety Flight Operation External (audits/studies) FOCA inspections and audits AAIB ORs 6. SAFA What s coming soon e) Cosmic radiation

Cosmic radiation and EASA OPS - I 69

Cosmic radiation and EASA OPS - II EASA NIL European Union Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM for Switzerland: Not applicable Switzerland planned: Radiological Protection Ordinance (RPO, SR 814.501) 70

Cosmic radiation and EASA OPS - III Revision of the Radiological Protection Ordinance Required, planned approx. 2016 (RPO, SR 814.501) Authorisation required for operating aircraft above 8'000 m Categorisation of exposed workers (A / B) Dose limits for exposed workers (differs for A / B) Special protection during pregnancy and breast-feeding Obligated to inform and train exposed workers Individual monitoring, recording and reporting 71

Cosmic radiation and EASA OPS - IV Who will be responsible for the implementation of and oversight over the Radiological Protection Ordinance (RPO, SR 814.501)? It must not necessarily be within the responsibility of the Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA), until further notice, the regulations for Cosmic Radiation according to EU-OPS shall be used by Swiss AOC holders 72

Capt. Stephan Eder Head Operations of Complex Capt. Stephan Eder, SBOC, 8th May, 2014 Airplanes 73

FTL disruptive schedule (16) local night means a period of 8 hours falling between 22:00 and 08:00 local time; (9) night duty means a duty period encroaching any portion of the period between 02:00 and 04:59 in the time zone to which the crew is acclimatised; ORO.FTL.235 Rest periods (d) Recurrent extended recovery rest periods. The minimum recurrent extended recovery rest period shall be: -36 hours, -including 2 local nights, and -in any case the time between the end of one recurrent extended recovery rest period and the start of the next extended recovery rest period shall not be more than 168 hours. The recurrent extended recovery rest period shall be increased to 2 local days twice every month. 74

FTL disruptive schedule GM1 CS FTL.1.205(a)(2) Flight duty period (FDP) NIGHT DUTIES APPROPRIATE FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT (a) When rostering night duties of more than 10 hours (referred to below as long night duties ), it is critical for the crew member to obtain sufficient sleep before such duties when he/she is adapted to being awake during day time hours at the local time where he/she is acclimatised. To optimise alertness on long night duties, the likelihood of obtaining sleep as close as possible to the start of the FDP should be considered, when rostering rest periods before long night duties, by providing sufficient time to the crew member to adapt to being awake during the night. Rostering practices leading to extended wakefulness before reporting for such duties should be avoided. Fatigue risk management principles that could be applied to the rostering of long night duties may include: (1) avoiding long night duties after extended recovery rest periods (2) progressively delaying the rostered ending time of the FDPs preceding long night duties; (3) starting a block of night duties with a shorter FDP; and (4) avoiding the sequence of early starts and long night duties. 75