The ADVENTUROUS JOURNEY SECTION Contents: Detailed Adventurous Journey Requirements Expeditions A Rough Guide Explorations A Rough Guide Explorations A Guide to putting discovery into the Adventurous Journey Section. Safety Management Requirements Kit List RAMS Assessor s Checklist Approval Form
AIM OF THE ADVENTUROUS JOURNEY SECTION Detailed Requirements
The following list gives a step-by-step guide to help with organising an Adventurous Journey. This information does not supersede your own Safety Management Systems. EXPEDITION/EXPLORATION/OTHER ADVENTUROUS PROJECT REQUIREMENTS LEVEL DURATION MINIMUM HOURS OF PLANNED ACTIVITY EACH DAY BRONZE 2 days and 1 night At least 6 hours during the daytime for all journeys SILVER 3 days and 2 nights At least 7 hours during the daytime for all journeys GOLD 4 days and 3 nights At least 8 hours during the daytime for all journeys The Group should plan how they propose to spend the daytime hours and what proportion should be spent journeying and exploring. There are no fixed minimum distances to be covered on Explorations but a minimum of one third of the planned activity hours is to be spent on journeying with appropriate rest breaks. The remaining hours of planned activity are to be spent on first hand observations and investigation, research and other activities relevant to the purpose. Other Adventurous Projects: Will involve steep mountainous terrain, untracked backcountry or other off-track activities. Due to the demanding nature of such projects, a higher standard of training, ability and risk-management may be required. The Group should determine the speed of journeying and the distance travelled. This should be based on their experience during practice journeys in a similar environment.
The Duke of Edinburgh s Hillary Award requirements for Adventurous Journeys changed in January 2013. Now the emphasis is on the hours of activity outlined above but with a suggested minimum distance (for an averagely fit group in moderate terrain) of: The actual distances covered will depend on the group and during the practice journey they should be able to work out their average speed and plan the Qualifier accordingly. Great Walks are permitted at all levels of The Award but where these do not reach the minimum distance requirements they must be extended by the use of side-trips or continuous combination with other tracks e.g. Routeburn/Caples or Routeburn/Greenstone. Motorised transport between any sections of the route is not usually permitted. A maximum of 5% of the total distance is permissible on tarmac roads, provided the distance is covered on foot.
THE ADVENTUROUS JOURNEY SECTION PREPARATION AND TRAINING Preparation: An initial briefing to decide on the aim, the environment and the mode of travel. Training in the skills required for the Participants to undertake their chosen journey. Practice journeys. Joint planning by members of the group. Training: Participants must undertake training in all aspects of the Common Training Syllabus for the appropriate level of the Award, to enable them to journey safely in the environment in which the qualifying journey will take place. The Common Training Syllabus covers: o o o o o o o o o o First Aid and emergency procedures. An awareness of risk and health and safety issues. Navigation and route planning. Campcraft, equipment and hygiene. Food and cooking. Country, Highway and Water Safety (as appropriate). Observation and recording. Team building. Proficiency in the mode of travel. Environmental Impact and Awareness. The detailed Common Training Syllabus is set out in the Handbook, Adventurous Journey Training Manuals and is available on the website.
PRACTICE JOURNEYS As part of their training, Participants are required to undertake sufficient practice journeys to ensure that they have acquired a level of experience and competence to be able to safely complete their shadowed, self-reliant journey. In order that the Award Leaders/Supervisors/Instructors have the opportunity to judge the Participants' levels of experience and competence, and to give them the opportunity to work together as a team, a minimum of one practice journey must be undertaken at each level of The Award. It is not appropriate for the Award to prescribe the number of other practice journeys to be undertaken in order for Participants to reach the required level of competence. The final practice journey should be seen as the culmination of the Group s planning and preparation. Accompanied practice journeys with the Award Leader/Supervisor/Instructor, before embarking on shadowed Journey, allow for an assessment of the Group s abilities. The Award Leader/Supervisor/Instructor s judgement is crucial in this respect and there are no short cuts where the safety and well-being of the Participants is concerned. All practice and qualifying journeys at all levels should be on tracks that have not been used for a previous journey. Practice journeys provide an opportunity to identify areas where Participants may require more training and support before embarking on their Qualifying Journey. If such support to remedy minor deficiencies can be provided locally, additional practice journeys may not be required. Practice journeys should also reflect the intended Aim of the Qualifying Journey and provide an opportunity to prepare for exploratory work. The conditions should be as similar as possible to those anticipated during the Qualifying Journey, including daily hours of journeying, and should be undertaken in terrain that is equally demanding. Practice journeys at Silver and Gold levels must include two or more days and nights away from home. All Participants should have an opportunity to experience shadowed journeying before undertaking the qualifying journey. Practice journeys must be shadowed. It is recommended that: The final practice journey is not undertaken immediately prior to the Qualifying Journey. This can make unreasonable demands on the Participants and does not allow time for the Group to reflect upon, or initiate, any additional training or changes required to their plans. The Qualifying Journey should take place within a reasonable time of the final practice journey so that Participants do not lose fitness and competence.
Time of Year The time of year should be chosen with great care in relation to the experience of the Participants, the environment, routes and type of accommodation. At Gold, all Qualifying Adventurous Journeys require prior approval from the National Office. Please ensure that all information is forwarded to us at least six weeks p r i o r to the planned trip or prior to any bookings that need to be made. If changes in weather conditions are likely to put the Groups safety at risk pre- planned bad weather alternative routes must be used or the journey must be abandoned. QUALIFYING JOURNEY/DEBRIEF AND PRESENTATION Instructors must certify in the Online Record Book that Participants have undergone training in the required skills and have reached a level of competence appropriate to the journey being undertaken before the Qualifying Journey. Aim of the Journey The Aim of the journey should be considered in the early planning stages and should relate to the interests and abilities of those taking part. The Aim will form the basis of the group s report or presentation. Participants may wish to focus on: The environment. Practical first-hand observations, investigation or study. Aesthetic appreciation. Literary or historic journeys. The completion of a physically demanding challenge.
PROJECT REQUIREMENTS Each participant must present a report after completing a qualifying journey. This may be a written or oral account or display, describing the journey and purpose achieved. Include visual records of the journey photographs, map showing route, etc. It is easy for the report to become an afterthought; the Duke of Edinburgh s Hillary Award requires the report, its implementation and presentation to be an integral part of the Adventurous Journey Planning. How Much Reporting Is Required? Expedition/OAP As a general guideline an Expedition or OAP project should constitute approximately one side of A4 paper of written text per day per participant (photographs are in addition to this). Where a participant has literacy issues some assistance with the writing is permitted. OHP, PowerPoint or other non-written presentations should last:: 10 minutes at Bronze. 15 minutes at Silver. 20 minutes at Gold. Exploration An exploration is best described as a Project with a Journey and is not designed to be an easy option for the Adventurous Journey Section. All Exploration projects must show evidence of prior research, a rationale regarding data gathering methods used on the exploration, a description of the activities undertaken and a coherent conclusion or findings. The finished report should be twice the size or last twice as long, as the Expedition/OAP reports i.e. 20 minutes at Bronze, 30 minutes at Silver and 40 minutes at Gold.
Group Composition The Group must consist of between four and seven young people. Group members should ideally be of a similar age and level of experience. It is not necessary for the entire Group to be undertaking The Award, or to be under assessment, but all must be within The Award age range and all must be trained and properly equipped to the same standard as The Award Participants. Participants being assessed for different levels of the Award should not (preferably) be in the same Group i.e. a Group under assessment should not consist of Bronze and Silver or Silver and Gold participants but where necessary two levels can be on the one journey provided each participant meets the minimum requirement for the higher Award level. Young people who have already completed the Adventurous Journey Section at the same or a higher level of the Award should not be included in the Group for the qualifying journey. For water journeys there should be a minimum of two craft involved in the journey to render mutual support, except for craft designed to accommodate the whole Group. For methods of transport that require double occupancy (for example double kayaks, small dinghies, etc.) the maximum number in a Group may be increased to eight to enable the use of four craft. Accommodation and Catering Overnight accommodation should be in tents, as this will enhance the sense of adventure and self-reliance. If other forms of simple self-catering accommodation, such as huts or hostels are used, the whole Group should be able to stay together with minimum external intervention. At least one substantial meal should be cooked and eaten by the Group each day. Equipment Clothing, footwear and equipment should be suitable for the activity and the environment in which it is to be used and should conform to current accepted standards. The equipment must be capable of resisting the worst weather anticipated since, in the event of a serious deterioration in conditions, safety may well depend on it being able to withstand the prevailing conditions. Groups should be able to carry all equipment and food to be used during the journey. Each individual must carry personal emergency equipment.
Route Planning Participants should plan their route based on the aim of the journey and capabilities of the group. The route should be a continuous journey, stopping at different locations each night. However, the same location can be used for more than one night if the aim of the journey or the capabilities of the group make this more appropriate (Explorations/OAPs only). The environment used for the journey should present appropriate challenges and allow Participants to have new and interesting experiences. Routes chosen must be within the capabilities of the Group. The Qualifying Journey must not be over the same route used during practice journeys. Groups may choose to use all their planned hours in journeying with appropriate breaks, but must still make observations and recordings for their review and presentation. Advice for other forms of journeying is given in the DofEIA Handbook. Exploration Groups may prefer to spend less time journeying in order to explore the environment in greater depth. This must be planned in advance and incorporated at appropriate points on the route. A minimum of one third of planned daily activity hours is to be spent on journeying. Through practice journeys the team should establish their speed of travel based on the form of journeying and the loads they will be carrying. REVIEW AND PRESENTATION A debrief should take place immediately after the journey has been completed. It should be led by the Assessor and involve both the Group and their Supervisor reviewing the outcomes of the journey. At this stage the Assessor may complete the section on the Qualifying Journey in the Online Record Book or give the Participant a report to upload themselves. Once the Participants have had time to reflect on the journey and its aim they then give a presentation or provide an account of their experiences. Presentations should reflect genuine effort from each individual member of the group. It is the responsibility of the Participants to decide on its form and nature. It may be made individually or in a group and should be presented at an agreed time to the Assessor, Supervisor, Instructor or another appropriate person who has been involved in supporting the journey. This forms part of the final review when the appropriate section in the participant's Online Record Book can be completed.
SAFETY AND NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES The Duke of Edinburgh s Hillary Award cannot accept any responsibility for your Safety Management System see the Safety Management System section of this Award Leaders Kit. Also: The relevant operational requirements of the National Office must be met. In addition, the National Office must be notified of all Overseas Adventurous Journeys Advance notice, on the Adventurous Journey Planning Form (Green Form) must be given for all Gold Qualifying Journeys. Please ensure that all information is forwarded to us at least six weeks prior to the planned Journey or prior to any bookings that need to be made. The relevant forms are available from National Office, the Award website and can also be found in the Award Leaders Kit. An approval number will be allocated to each Gold qualifying journey and should be entered into the Participants' Record Books following the successful completion of the journey. Acclimatisation For Gold Qualifying Journeys, in order to adapt to the particular environment, adjust to the routine of outdoor living and prepare themselves and their equipment, it is advisable for Participants to spend at least forty-eight hours in the area prior to the start of the qualifying journey. However, participants should always arrive in the area the day before the start of the journey in order for the Group and the Supervisor to meet with the Assessor. To enhance the journeying experience, the base campsite should not be used by the group as a campsite during the journey. Expeditions/Explorations/OAP s Outside New Zealand For Expeditions/Explorations/OAP s outside New Zealand, notice must be given to the National Office at least twelve weeks in advance using the Adventurous Journey Planning Form (Green Form) and any other supporting documentation. The Award Unit must accept responsibility for monitoring the safety of such Journeys. The National Office allocates an approval number, which should be entered in the Participants' Record Books following the successful completion of the journey.
Variations to the Conditions It may be appropriate to vary the operational conditions to meet the specific needs and interests of certain individuals or groups. For example, Participants may have special needs or there may be religious or cultural reasons affecting where the group can stay overnight. Approval for such variations must be given in writing by the National Office. Other Adventurous Projects (OAP) At Gold level of the Award a group may wish to plan a journey that departs from, and is significantly more demanding than the standard conditions. Such projects require greater maturity on the part of the Participants. Participants must undertake appropriate training and practice journeys. Although there is great scope for innovation, such journeys must still comply with the aim and principles of the Adventurous Journey Section ie. a self-reliant journey which has been planned and prepared by the Participants, in an environment which is sufficiently remote from habitation for the group to be dependent on their own resources. Before making an application, Participants must read the relevant advice in the DofEIA Handbook. All groups must submit the application for approval on the Adventurous Journey Approval Form (Green Form), via their Award Unit, in sufficient time to reach the National Office at least 6 weeks prior to the date of departure. In giving approval for such journeys, the National Office only confirms that the journey complies with the aim and principles of the Adventurous Journey Section and is acceptable for Award purposes. The Duke of Edinburgh s Hillary Award cannot accept any responsibility concerning the suitability of the journey for the Participants, health and safety aspects, the adequacy of the training, emergency procedures or insurance. All this rests with the Award Unit. An approval number will be allocated to each approved journey and should be entered in the Participants Record Books following the successful completion of the journey.
Summary of Notification Procedures Activity Notify Timescale Approval Notification number issued by Bronze/Silver Qualifier Award Unit (A.U.) as required As required by Award Unit Award Unit None required Gold Qualifier The National Office via the Award Unit using the Green Form At least 6 weeks prior to the journey National Office Approves. National Office Outside NZ The National Office via the Award Unit using the Green Form At least 12 weeks prior to the journey National Office Approves. National Office Other Adventurous Projects National Office via the Award Unit using the Green Form To arrive at National Office at least 6 weeks prior to the journey National Office confirms it meets the aim, spirit and conditions of the Section National Office SUPPORTING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Award Units are responsible for the safety and well-being of the participants and the approval of Instructors and Supervisors. Award Units must ensure that all National Office requirements are fulfilled. The nature of self-reliant, shadowed journeys places particular responsibilities on Instructors, Supervisors and Award Units. Whilst the National Office does not insist on specific qualifications, it does strongly recommend that, where suitable national qualifications exist, appropriate to the mode of travel and are administered by National Governing Bodies, that these should be obtained.
Instructors Instructors provide training in one or more aspects of the Common Training Syllabus, which is outlined in The Handbook. The safety and well-being of the Participants is dependent on the quality of the training, as is the quality and enjoyment of the total experience. Training should be provided by those who have the necessary skills and experience. First Aid training should only be given by an Instructor with a recognised, current, First Aid qualification. Instructors should plan training sessions to enable the Participants to become increasingly self-reliant and dependent on their own resources. In addition to the hard skills training must also be concerned with team building and with developing individual talents and resources within the group to strengthen bonds and facilitate problem solving and decision making. Regular reviewing sessions can enhance this. Supervisors All journeys, including practice journeys, must be supervised by a competent leader as defined by the Activity Provider s Safety Management System, who accepts responsibility for the safety and well-being of the group on behalf of the Activity Provider. The Supervisor, who is the agent of the Activity Provider, must be satisfied that the Participants are competent and equipped to undertake the planned journey. Supervisors should be familiar with the Aim, Principles, Requirements and Conditions of the Adventurous Journey Section. (see Assessors Guide in the Award Leaders Kit) They should be sufficiently experienced and competent in the mode of travel to be able to provide safe and effective supervision. Supervisors should carry all the relevant safety information with them. This will include the names, addresses and emergency contact numbers of the participants (usually their parents or guardians), the Assessor, a responsible person in the Activity Provider and the National Office. Journeys in estuaries or sheltered coastal waters may be supervised from a safety boat. The safety boat must be sufficiently remote from the Participants to avoid restricting the groups sense of self-reliance and yet be able to render assistance in an emergency within a reasonable period of time. For journeys at sea in larger craft designed to accommodate the whole group the Supervisor or Assessor should be aboard in open sea areas but should not be involved in being the skipper or part of the crew or involved in the navigation, control or management of the boat except for reasons of safety.
Assessors A competent adult (as defined by your Safety Management System) must assess all Qualifying Journeys. Assessors have three main functions: To ensure that the requirements and conditions of the Adventurous Journey Section are fulfilled. To advise on the safety of the journey - responsibility rests with the Supervisor who is the agent of the Award Unit or Activity Provider. To safeguard the interests of the Award. At Bronze level the Assessor should not have been involved in any of the training or instruction of the group. At Silver level the Assessor should ideally be independent of the Award group. At Gold level the Assessor should ideally be independent of the Award group. It may be appropriate to identify a knowledgeable adult in addition to the Assessor of the journey who can assess the group s exploratory work and/or their Presentation. At all levels the assessor should not be a parent or close relative of any of the group members. Other Opportunities: Open Expeditions Open Expeditions enable independent participants, and those unable to form a viable Group, to complete training and practice journeys or their qualifying journey. Open Qualifying Expeditions include a familiarisation and planning period followed by a supervised and assessed Qualifying Journey. All the necessary training and practice journeys must have been undertaken before a participant can take part. The Assessor will be expected to verify that training and practice sign-offs are valid. Approved Providers The National Office may approve some nationally recognised bodies or commercial providers to deliver training, practice journeys and qualifying journeys. The provider must notify the National Office of the details of such journeys. If journeys are approved the National Office will allocate a reference number to be entered in the Participants Record Book on successful completion of the journey. All providers must satisfy the National Office that they accept all responsibility for the safety of the journey and its participants.
Expeditions Rough Guide The Principles Aim: To encourage a spirit of adventure and discovery. The Principles: All qualifying Adventurous Journeys involve preparing for, planning and undertaking an unsupervised, (but shadowed) self-reliant journey with an agreed Aim. Adventurous Journeys must be completed by the Participants own physical efforts with minimal external intervention. At each level of The Award a progressively more challenging journey should be planned and undertaken. Benefits: Although the challenges are expressed in terms of physical demands, by exploring the environment and by travelling for a number of hours, the Expedition Section is primarily concerned with the development of the individual and teamwork. The Expedition Section should provide opportunities to: Plan and execute a journey - requiring attention to detail and organisational ability. Demonstrate enterprise and imagination by the group organising their own journey. Work as a member of a team - all journeys are a group effort. Respond to a challenge - either planned or unforeseen. Develop self-reliance - through carrying out an unaccompanied journey. Develop leadership skills - members of the group have opportunities to take a leading role during different aspects of the journey. Recognise the needs and strengths of others - all are involved in mutual support to ensure the success of the journey. Make decisions and accept the consequences the group makes real decisions affecting their well-being. Reflect on personal performance - through reviewing progress during training and at the end of the Qualifying Journey. Enjoy and appreciate the environment developing an awareness of the areas visited and issues affecting the environment.
REQUIREMENTS All Qualifying Journeys should have a clearly defined aim which should be developed during training. On completion, Participants review the journey and give an account or presentation related to the aim of the journey and the aim of the Expedition Section. Al Journeys involve joint planning and preparation by all members of the group. The group should consist of between four and seven young people (all participants must be within the qualifying programme ages) The journey may take place on land - by foot, cycle, or horse and on water - by canoe/kayak, sailing, rowing, or rafting. Participants must be trained in the skills necessary to undertake their planned journey. Participants must undertake sufficient practice journeys to ensure that they are able to travel and explore safely and independently in their chosen environment. All Award Unit or Activity Provider Safety Management System requirements must be met. All journeys must be supervised and assessed by suitable adults. EXPEDITION/EXPLORATION/OTHER ADVENTUROUS PROJECT REQUIREMENTS LEVEL DURATION MINIMUM HOURS OF PLANNED ACTIVITY EACH DAY BRONZE 2 days and 1 night At least 6 hours during the daytime for all land based journeys SILVER 3 days and 2 nights At least 7 hours during the daytime for all land based journeys GOLD 4 days and 3 nights At least 8 hours during the daytime for all land based journeys
The Group should plan how they propose to spend the daytime hours and what proportion should be spent journeying and exploring. There are no fixed minimum distances to be covered on Explorations but a minimum of one third of the planned activity hours is to be spent on journeying with appropriate rest breaks. The remaining hours of planned activity are to be spent on first hand observations and investigation, research and other activities relevant to the purpose. Other Adventurous Projects: Will involve steep mountainous terrain, untracked backcountry or other off-track activities. Due to the demanding nature of such projects, evidence of a higher standard of training, ability and risk-management is required. The Group should determine the speed of journeying and the distance travelled. This should be based on their experience during practice journeys in a similar environment. All practice and qualifying journeys at all levels should be on tracks that have not been used for a previous journey. The Duke of Edinburgh s Hillary Award requirements for Adventurous Journeys changed in January 2013. Now the emphasis is on the hours of activity outlined above with a suggested minimum distance (for an averagely fit group in moderate terrain) of: Level of Award On Foot By Cycle By Horse Bronze 20 km 25 km 120 km sealed roads 50 km 80 km unsealed roads Silver 40 km 50 km 210 km sealed roads 140 unsealed roads Gold 65 km 80 km 330 km sealed roads 100 km 160 km 220 km unsealed roads Great Walks are permitted at all levels of The Award but where these do not reach the minimum distance requirements they must be extended by the use of side-trips or continuous combination with other tracks e.g. Routeburn/Caples or Routeburn/Greenstone.
THE PROCESS Preparation and Training Participants should plan a journey in terms of Aim, mode of travel and environment and must undertake appropriate training. Practice Journeys Participants must undertake sufficient practice journeys to enable them to travel safely and complete their Qualifying Journey. Qualifying Journey and Debrief A qualifying journey followed by a debrief must be planned and undertaken as a Group. Review and Presentation All Participants must give a presentation of the journey relating to its Aim and the Aim of the Expeditions Section. Adventurous Journey:- June 2018 Edition
Explorations - Rough Guide An Exploration will involve some travelling, with a minimum of one third of the planned activity hours to be spent on journeying. The remaining hours of planned activity are to be spent on investigation, research and other activities, relevant to the purpose whilst still being undertaken in the context of an Adventurous Journey. Explorations are available to Participants at all levels of the Award Requirements for all journeys /OAP s a purpose (project) all members must be involved in planning and preparation group size between 4 and 7 (all participants must be within the qualifying programme ages) accommodation by camping or hut different camp sites must be used each night, except in the case of Explorations a substantial meal to be prepared each day equipment should be suitable for the activity and the environment all participants are to be trained sufficient practice journeys must be completed to ensure they will be safe all journeys must be supervised and assessed by suitable adults after the journey there should be a debrief participants are expected to produce an account/report/presentation of the journey What is an Exploration? An exploration is a journey that involves less journeying than that of an expedition with a minimum of one third of the planned activity hours to be spent on journeying. It has a greater proportion of time spent on doing some form of activity. Who can do an exploration? Any participant in The Programme can do an exploration. Participants with special needs often undertake explorations, as the journey can be adapted to what they can do. Adventurous Journey:- June 2018 Edition
The basic requirements are the same as an expedition The duration Where you go Where you stay How you get there Types of Exploration Academic Artistic Physical Training Participants must complete the preliminary expedition training as laid down in The Handbook as explorations will usually be carried out in the same environment as an expedition. While some may question the need for training as for expeditions, the New Zealand geography and climate has little respect for those who are not prepared. Further Training Other mode of transport (Cycle, Boat, Kayak, Horse etc) Adventurous activities (Climbing, Surfing, Caving etc) Adapt for special needs participants (Venue, Activities, Accommodation, Supervision) Part of the process of training and preparing for the journey is the prior research/learning that is undertaken. This will of course depend on the nature of the exploration. Practice Any group intending to do an exploration must also do a practice exploration, this is in order to practice and fine-tune the research methods, activities or other extra requirements of the journey. If, after an expedition-only practice a group decides it would prefer to switch to an exploration for assessment, they must practice these extra skills, in an outdoor setting on an overnight camp as a subsidiary practice. All practice and qualifying journeys at all levels should be in areas/on tracks that have not been used for a previous journey. Adventurous Journey:- June 2018 Edition
Assessment Each participant is assessed on both the journey itself and their report. It may be that the report and the journey are assessed by different people. Expeditions vs Explorations Expedition Tramping around Mt Ruapehu Cycling from Cromwell to Dunedin Canoeing the Whanganui River from Taumarunui to Pipiriki Horse trekking in the Marlborough Sounds Tramping in the Abel Tasman NP Exploration Studying glacier recession on Mt Ruapehu A photographic essay of old Central Otago goldmines Study the settlement history of the Whanganui River system Studying effects of fast-ferry wake on Tory Channel water s edge Exploring the Te Anaroa Caves Report The type of report should be decided well before the journey. The options are limited only by the creativity of the group. The Report should reflect individual contributions and involvement to the project. Project guidelines Expedit ions/ O AP s wr it t en r epor t s: One side on A4 paper of written text per day Non written presentations: 10 minutes at Bronze, 15 minutes at Silver, 20 minutes at Gold Explorations: The completed report/presentation should be twice as long as Expedition/OAP s reports/presentations Adventurous Journey:- June 2018 Edition