D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Commercial trasport as a Challege for the Sustaiable Urba Mobility Plaig 4th Europea Coferece o Sustaiable Urba Mobility Plas 29 30 March 2017 Dubrovik, Croatia Dr.-Ig. Wulf-Holger Ardt Deutsches Istitut für Urbaistik DB AG 1996 1
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Commercial trasport as a traffic mode Ay movemets of goods ad perso for busiess ad commercial purposes Immaterial trasport Telephoy, fax, data trasmissio Trasport Passeger trasport (trasportes de pasajeros) Private (privado) passeger trasport Commuter, shoppig, leisure trasport,... Passeger commercial trasport Material Trasport Commercial trasport (trasportes comercial) Service trasport Goods trasport (trasportes de biees) Goods commercial trasport Private (privado) goods trasport Private move/removal trasport (shoppig) Wulf-Holger Ardt 2010 i Germay i urba areas: 85% Passeger Trasport, 15% goods trasport (km) traffic performace 66% Private Trasport, 34% commercial trasport (km) traffic performace 75% Private Trasport, 25% commercial trasport (trips) traffic volume 2
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 average trasport distace i km BIP i bill. 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k bill. tkm Developmet i Commercial Trasport Expasio ad iteratioalisatio of markets Icrease divisio of labour New social ad idividual costellatios Divisio of labor effect Goods structure effect Logstic effect Frequece effect ecommerce effect 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Icrease distace-itesive ad geographically idepedet productio More exactig requiremets regardig the timig of goods provisio (just-i-time) A geerally growth of complexity i the logistics of providig supplies ad services Bill. tkm traffic performace chage 1998-2011 400 300 200 100 0 e +23% +26% +30% +54% -13% +19% -10% rail road road freight trasport total (ilad) rail road ilad avigatio road freight trasport germa compaies - log rage - middle rage - short rage ow picture, data sources: destatis, 3 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 0 ow picture, data source: BMVBS 2009, www.destatis.de 2009 But stagatio of trasport volume (road freight trasport i Germay 1998-2008 +3% oly) Goods demad effect: Icreasig distaces Icreasig trip umber
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k New productio cocepts New desig of Supply chai Reducig of i-house productio depth (Outsourcig) productio segmetatio (assembly maufacturig) Itroductio of Just-i-Timephilosophy, Kaba Sigle-, Modular-Sourcig, (Reductio compoet supplier ad forwarder ) ECR (efficiet cosumer respose) Just-i-time delivery example car seats raw materials parts Cascade model car seat productio compoets modules Car (fial assembly) 5
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Volume of urba commercial trasport chaged spatial demad New timely requiremets o trasport demad Icreasig complexity o logistic service 1/3 of all trasport i cities (tkm) [KiD 2002] Traffic volume 2000=100 Roads & lorries KEP market ad the trasport sectors Air trasport Other urba traffic 66% Passeger commercial traffic 22% CEP 1 rail Commercial trasport 33% road Freight trasport 12% 1 Courier, express, package services Mai share of freight trasport o roads But road trasport has high amout of impacts 6
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k CO 2 emissio ier urba Traffic performace commercial vehicle Beide Grafike: Marty Douglas, Umweltbudesamt, 2016 Date für 2014, Quelle: TREMOD 5.61 (09/2015) 8
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Targets i climate protectio EU Whitebook Trasport (2011): mostly CO 2 free urba logistic i 2030 Shift of 30% road freight trasport to rail ad waterways over 300 km till 2030 Germa actio program climate protectio 2020: Mitigatio GHG about 40% till 2020 i comp. 1990 (EU: till 2030) Climate protectio pla 2050 Germay (2016): traffic-related mitigatio target 40% 1990-2030 oe strategy: Support of regioal supply chais All sectors GHG emissio path i Germay 1990-2050 Lorries Freight rail Ilad avigatio Traffic 80% Miderug GHG 95% Miderug 9
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Nitroge Oxide emissio ier urba Traffic performace commercial vehicle Beide Grafike: Marty Douglas, Umweltbudesamt, 2016 Date für 2014, Quelle: TREMOD 5.61 (09/2015) 10
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Particles & Diesel Exhaust fie dust, diesel exhaust Carciogeic Lorries has ofte diesel egies Icreasig problem Particle emissio freight traffic Passeger car /lorry shares of PM10 emissios of a mai street i Berli lories Local traffic Regioal backgroud emissio cars Urba backgroud emissio Oly light-duty commercial vehicle ier urba: Share NO X emissio (Nitroge Oxide): 8% Share Particle emissio (PM 10 ): 20,8% Source: TREMOD 5.53; Werte vo 2013 11
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Noise emissio Lärmstufe Geräuschart Lautstärke Geräuschempfide Noticed oise disturbace (Share at least somethig troubles ) Noise sources share Street traffic 54% Neighbours 40% Idustry ad commercial 21% Air traffic 21% Rail road 17% Quelle: BMUB/UBA: Umweltbewusstsei i Deutschlad 2014 I 30-65 db(a) Psychische Reaktio psychic effect II 65-90 db(a) Physiologische Reaktio Physiological reactio III 90-120 db(a) Gehörschade, Ohrschmerz Hearig damage, ear pai Ticke eier leise Uhr, feier Ladrege, Flüster Kühlschrakbrumme, ruhige Wohstraße Leise Radiomusik, üblicher Tagespegel im Wohbereich Uterhaltugssprache i 1 m Abstad, Bürolärm Laute Uterhaltug, Rufe, Pkw i 10 Meter Abstad, Rasemäher Straßelärm bei starkem Verkehr, max. Sprechlautstärke Laute Fabrikhalle, Lkw- Fahrgeräusch i 5 Meter Abstad Autohupe i 7 Meter Abstad, Kreissäge, Posaueorchester Laute Diskothek, Rockkozert, Bohrmaschie Flugzeugtriebwerk HDV, lorries 30 db(a) Sehr leise 40 db(a) Ziemlich leise 50 db(a) Normal 60 db(a) Normal bis laut 70 db(a) Laut bis sehr laut 80 db(a) Sehr laut 90 db(a) Sehr laut 100 db(a) 110 db(a) Sehr 120 db(a) Very lout Sehr laut bis uerträglich laut bis uerträglich Uerträglich bis schmerzhaft Düsejäger, MP3-Player 130 db(a) Schmerzschwelle 12
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Problems by urba commercial traffic strog pollutat emissios strog oise pollutios strog accidet edagermet Ifrastructure damage Impairmets /barriers for the traffic flow High spatial use ad separatio effects Impairmet of the towscape Road as ecoomic surface: road as storage facility Logistics ode o the road Dump road (36% of the supply ad pick up operatio i the public street space) solutio e-vehicles? Dorier Cosult Dorier Cosult Dorier Cosult 13
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Problems for the commercial trasport Delivery problems by desig of roadside Public Trasport stops Parkig laes o loadig ad uloadig possibilities for delivery vehicles Stops i secod row Stops i the crossig, juctio or traffic light areas as well as o sidewalks structural restrictios i the street space Barriers by buildig sites i the street space High traffic volume durig ew buildig project Logistics i the street space Use coflicts with other road users... may topics, may tasks... Dorier Cosult SeStadt 14
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Plaig process, stakeholders Cosider specific stakeholders ad policy fields i Commercial Trasport Cliets Divergece of iterests Compaies Muicipality Itegratio i all steps of plaig process is eeded Itegratio i all plas ad plaig levels is eeded: atioal, regioal, local; iformal (lad-use plas, trasport plas), ad formal (details plas, ) 15
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Framework 1. Justificatio lik List of the urba quality goals ecessary measures iteded for the reachig Represetatio of the coectio betwee the quality goals ad the plaed measures 2. Itegratio i urba developmet cocept Cocept should cotai: l l l l Temporal ad local realisatio steps, Impact assessmet of the measures, Caterig legitimate iterests of parties cocered (residets, local eterprises) At first implemetatio of measures with high probability of success. 3. Decisio of the city coucil Decisio to cocept of the resposible committee. Ardt, Sommer 1998 16
D e u t s c h e s I s t i t u t f ü r U r b a i s t i k Thak you for your Attetio Dr.-Ig. Wulf-Holger Ardt Deutsches Istitut für Urbaistik Arbeitsbereich Mobilität ud Ifrastruktur Zimmerstr. 13-15 10969 Berli 030 39001-252 ardt@difu.de www.difu.de https://difu.de/publikatioe/2016/commercialtrasport-i-urba-areas.html 18