3S 4S 1S 2S 3N 4N Banjul Bissau SIERRA LEONE 5N MADEIRA IS. CANARY IS. (SPAIN) (disputed) Dakar Freetown (PORTUGAL) GAMBIA Bamako Conakry Monrovia Rabat BURKINA FASO 1W Accra Lomé ~ Niamey BENIN Algiers Porto Novo Ibadan Lagos Malabo Abuja (ANGOLA) Tunis TUNISIA Libreville GABON Tripoli Douala Yaoundé 1E Bangui Kinshasa Luanda KALAHARI 2E Banghazi LIBYAN Albert Tanganyika ZAMBIA Lusaka Maseru Kampala Kigali Nasser MALAWI NUBIAN Lilongwe Harare Gaborone Pretoria Mbabane PENINSULA Maputo (EGYPT) Lobamba Malawi Turkana Asmara Nairobi 5E Djibouti Moroni (FRANCE) 2S 3S 4S 1N 1S 4N 3N 2N 5N Transparency 6 Africa Transparency 6 Africa E U R O P E Strait of Gibraltar Getting Started Display Transparency 6 on the overhead. Explain to students that Africa is the second-largest continent (after Asia), both in terms of area and population. Point out some of the outstanding features on the map, such as the Nile River (the world s longest river), which flows north into the Mediterranean Sea; (the world s third-largest lake); and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Africa s highest peak at 19,340 feet). Teaching With the Transparency Ask students to point out the closest continents and countries to Africa. Guide them to notice that Spain, Portugal, France, and other European countries neighbor Africa. Explain that, like the United States, most African countries were once colonies of European countries. Starting in the 1600s, some European countries took control of much of Africa, exploited its resources, and enslaved many of its people. African countries began to regain their independence starting in the 1950s. Photocopy and distribute African Independence (page 23 24) to each student. You may also want to create a transparency of the activity page and do the activity together as a class. Have students create a color key for each European country then color code the African countries according to the European country to which they belonged. To Do Extend the African Independence activity by having students create a time line from 1950 to the present, showing the years in which different African countries gained their independence. Or, have students choose one of the countries on the map and research its history since its independence. Photocopy and distribute The Triangular Trade Route of the 1700s (page 25), which shows the trade route between the English colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. Explain that slavery was an active trade in the 1700s. Millions of Africans were taken from their villages, enslaved, and forced to work on sugar plantations in the West Indies. Have students use the map to answer the questions on the activity sheet. CAPE VERDE SENEGAL - BISSAU WESTERN SAHARA MOROCCO MAURITANIA Nouakchott LIBERIA GHANA CÔTE D IVOIRE ATLANTIC National capital Other city Mountains Area of detail 0 200 400 600 MI 0 200 400 600 KM Yamoussoukro Casablanca ATLAS MOUNTAINS MALI Ouagadougou TOGO EQUATORIAL SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE ALGERIA NIGER NIGERIA CAMEROON NAMIBIA Cape of Good Hope Zambezi River Nile River Tropic of Capricorn 2W 3E 4E 6E Chad CONGO ANGOLA Mediterranean Sea LIBYA S A H A R A Sao Tomé Niger River CABINDA Brazzaville Windhoek Cape Town CHAD N Djamena CENTRAL N DEM. REP. OF CONGO Bloemfontein BOTSWANA SOUTH Congo River Johannesburg SUDAN RWANDA Khartoum Bujumbura ZIMBABWE Alexandria LESOTHO EGYPT UGANDA BURUNDI TANZANIA MOZAMBIQUE SWAZILAND Maps for the Overhead: World Geography Scholastic Inc. Cairo SINAI Red Sea Addis Ababa ETHIOPIA KENYA ERITREA Dar es Salaam Mozambique Channel A S I A Tropic of Cancer Mogadishu COMOROS Antananarivo DJIBOUTI SOMALIA MADAGASCAR MAURITIUS Port Louis RÉUNION INDIAN SEYCHELLES 11
Name Date Activity for Transparency 6 African Independence Show Africa s colonial history by color-coding the countries based on their European ruler and listing the date of independence. Don t forget to color in the key first. France Algeria 1962 Benin 1960 Burkina Faso 1966 Cameroon 1960 Central African Republic 1960 Chad 1960 Congo 1960 Cote d Ivoire 1960 Djibouti 1977 Gabon 1960 Gambia 1965 Guinea 1958 Madagascar 1960 Mali 1960 Mauritania 1960 Morocco 1956 Niger 1960 Senegal 1960 Togo 1960 v Spain ial Guinea 1968 Western Sahara 1976 Belgium Burundi 1962 Rwanda 1962 Democratic Republic of Congo 1960 Britain Botswana 1966 Eritrea 1993 Ghana 1957 Kenya 1963 Lesotho 1968 Libya 1951 Nigeria 1960 Sierra Leone 1961 Swaziland 1968 Tanzania 1961 Uganda 1962 Zambia 1964 Zimbabwe 1979 Portugal Angola 1975 Guinea Bissau 1974 Mozambique 1975 Italy Eritrea 1993 Somalia 1960 Other Sudan 1956 Namibia 1990 Independent Egypt Liberia Ethiopia South Africa 23
Name Date Activity for Transparency 6 African Independence (Continued from page 23) Map Key Belgium Britain France Italy Portugal Spain Other 24
Name Date Activity for Transparency 6 The Triangular Trade Route of the 1700s In the 1700s European settlers in North America created trade routes between their colonies, Africa, and the West Indies. Use the map below to answer the questions about the triangular trade route. NORTH AMERICA 13 British Colonies Gulf of Mexico Boston New York molasses WEST WEST ATLANTIC GREAT BRITAIN SPAIN PORTUGAL FRANCE EUROPE PACIFIC Caribbean Sea INDIES INDIES guns, iron goods, rum enslaved Africans SOUTH AMERICA 1. What goods were traded from the British colonies to Africa? 2. Across which ocean did the traders travel? 3. Molasses is made from sugar. According to this map, where do you think sugar cane was grown? 4. Which leg of the triangular trade was the longest? Which was the shortest? 5. In which direction did the ships carrying enslaved Africans travel? 6. Under this trade, which areas do you think gained population and which lost population? 7. Which product exported from the New England colonies do you think was made from molasses? 8. Why is triangular a good name for this trade route? 25
5N 1S 4N 3N 2N 1N 1S 2S Transparency 6 Africa 5N E U R O P E Strait of Gibraltar 4N Tunis 3N Cape of Good Hope Nasser Nile River CAPE VERDE SENEGAL Dakar Banjul - BISSAU SIERRA LEONE MADEIRA IS. (PORTUGAL) Conakry Monrovia LIBERIA GHANA CÔTE D IVOIRE ATLANTIC EQUATORIAL Sao ~ Tomé SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE TUNISIA CAMEROON Libreville GABON Mediterranean Sea ATLAS MOUNTAINS CANARY IS. (SPAIN) WESTERN SAHARA (disputed) Casablanca MOROCCO MAURITANIA GAMBIA MALI BURKINA FASO ALGERIA Ouagadougou BENIN NIGER LIBYA Chad Zambezi River KALAHARI LIBYAN S A H A R A NIGERIA CHAD CENTRAL N Tanganyika NUBIAN Albert UGANDA Kampala RWANDA BURUNDI Malawi Red Sea Addis Ababa ETHIOPIA Turkana TANZANIA KENYA Nairobi Tropic of Cancer COMOROS Moroni Tropic of Capricorn MADAGASCAR SEYCHELLES Mozambique Channel ZAMBIA Lusaka 2S BOTSWANA Gaborone SUDAN EGYPT TOGO CONGO ANGOLA NAMIBIA Windhoek DEM. REP. OF CONGO MALAWI ZIMBABWE MOZAMBIQUE Mbabane SWAZILAND Lobamba MAURITIUS Port Louis 3S 3S SOUTH LESOTHO A S I A ERITREA DJIBOUTI Niger Bissau SOMALIA River Freetown Nouakchott Congo River Rabat Bamako Accra Yamoussoukro National capital Other city Mountains Area of detail 0 200 400 600 MI 0 200 400 600 KM Lomé Niamey Algiers Porto Novo Ibadan Lagos Malabo Abuja CABINDA (ANGOLA) Tripoli Douala Yaoundé Brazzaville N Djamena Bangui Kinshasa Luanda Cape Town Banghazi Alexandria Khartoum Johannesburg Maseru Bloemfontein Kigali Bujumbura Lilongwe Harare Pretoria Cairo SINAI PENINSULA (EGYPT) Maputo Asmara Djibouti Mogadishu Dar es Salaam Antananarivo RÉUNION (FRANCE) INDIAN 4S 4S 2W 1W 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E Maps for the Overhead: World Geography Scholastic Inc.
Selected Answer Key The Triangular Trade Route of the 1700s (p. 25) 1. Rum, iron goods, and guns 2. Atlantic Ocean 3. West Indies 4. Between the British colonies and Africa; between the West Indies and the British colonies 5. West 6. West Indies gained population and Africa lost population 7. Rum 8. The route formed a triangular shape 32