I. HELLENIC GREECE A. Hellenic an adjective that describes anything from ancient Greece B. Culture, language, architecture, religion, philosophy would all be described as Hellenic
III. GREEK POLIS A. Villages in Greece were isolated and independent of one another due to the mountainous geography of Greece. B. Villages started to band together to form strong trading centers. C. Villages that grouped together were called a city-state (polis). D. City-State A city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside.
III. GREEK POLIS, CONT D E. Polis A city-state in ancient Greece. 1. Ancient Greeks referred to themselves as citizens of their individual polis (Sparta Spartans, Athens Athenians). 2. Each city-state had its own personality, goals, laws, and customs. 3. Ancient Greeks were very loyal to their polis.
ARCHITECTURE A. Acropolis 1. A fortress that stood on a high hill; used for protection for a polis 2. The polis around the acropolis was surrounded by walls for added protection. B. Greek Columns (Ionic, Doric, Corinthian) 1. Greek columns were tall and measured carefully. 2. You can see Greek architecture, especially columns, in today s world. An example, is Thomas Jefferson s Monticello.
ARCHITECTURE, CONT D C. Temples- 1. The Greeks built large temples for their gods. 2. Parthenon Built for the goddess Athena
ARCHITECTURE, CONT D Acropolis Monticello
RELIGION & MYTHOLOGY A. Mythology Stories about gods & heroes that try to explain how the world works. B. Greeks believed that gods caused things to happen and their mythology explained why. C. Greeks built temples to honor their gods. D. Examples of Greek Gods (polytheism) 1. Zeus - King of the gods 2. Poseidon god of the sea 3. Hades god of the underworld 4. Athena goddess of war, wisdom, & handicrafts
GREEK LITERATURE & THEATER A. Epic Poems Long poems that tell a story about a hero 1. Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey tales of great adventure B. Fables Short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live. 1. Aesop wrote fables using animals as humans 2. The Ant and the Grasshopper teaches the lesson to think and plan ahead for the future. 3. Language We still use Greek terms in our language today
GREEK LITERATURE & THEATER, CONT D Greek Theater 1. Tragedy Plays that described the hardships faced by Greek heroes. 2. Comedies Plays that made fun of people and ideas, especially politics.
GREEK WARS A. Persian War Greek city-states created an alliance the Delian League-to defeat the Persian empire Athens and Sparta would end up going to war over who was going to control the Delian League B. Peloponnesian War War between Sparta and Athens. Sparta defeated Athens.
ROLE OF FAMOUS GREEKS A. Philosophers People who believed in the power of the human mind to think, explain, & understand life. 1. Socrates Believed people should never stop learning. a. Socratic Method type of teaching where the teacher asks the questions. Ex. What is courage? 2. Plato Wrote about his belief of the ideal society. a. ideal society would be based on justice & fairness to everyone 3. Aristotle Believed that people should live lives of moderation or balance. a. Give reason to your life You should think about your actions & how they will affect others. b. Also used logic Using facts you know to figure out other facts.
ROLE OF FAMOUS GREEKS, CONT D B. Math & Science 1. Archimedes (engineer) Invented the water screw. A device that helps farmers bring water to their fields. 2. Pythagoras Greek mathematician who studied geometry study of lines, angles, & shapes. a. Pythagorean Theorem A 2 + B 2 = C 2 C. Medicine 1. Hippocrates Father of Medicine Greek doctor who studied diseases so he could better understand them. a. He also wrote how doctors should behave (Hippocratic oath)
ROLE OF FAMOUS GREEKS, CONT D http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-xprbj88v4 Water Screw Pythagorean Theorem