ETHIOPIA ECAA CIVIL AVIATION RULES AND STANDARDS (ECAR) PART 8 OPERATIONS 8.11 - FATIGUE MANAGEMENT 8.12 - REST PERIODS, DUTY, AND FLIGHT TIME 20-NOVEMBER-2013
Contents CONTENTS... 2 DEFINITIONS... 3 8.11 FATIGUE MANAGEMENT... 5 8.11.1 APPLICABILITY... 5 8.11.2 MANAGING FATIGUE-RELATED SAFETY RISKS... 5 8.12 REST PERIODS, DUTY, AND FLIGHT TIME: FOR FATIGUE MANAGEMENT... 6 8.12.1 APPLICABILITY... 6 8.12.2 OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES... 6 8.12.3 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER S RESPONSIBILITY... 6 8.12.4 FLIGHT TIME LIMITATION.... 7 8.12.5 UNAUGMENTED OPERATIONS.... 7 TABLE A MAXIMUM FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD LIMITS FOR TWO PILOT OPERATIONS... 7 8.12.6 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD: SPLIT DUTY.... 8 TABLE B SPLIT DUTY EXTENSION... 8 8.12.7 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD: AUGMENTED FLIGHT CREW.... 8 TABLE C MAXIMUM FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD LIMITS FOR AUGMENTED OPERATIONS... 8 8.12.8 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD EXTENSIONS.... 9 8.12.9 AIRPORT STANDBY... 9 8.12.10 OTHER STANDBY... 9 8.12.11 CUMULATIVE LIMITATIONS... 10 8.12.12 BASIC MINIMUM REST... 10 8.12.13 TIME ZONE DIFFERENCES... 10 8.12.14 CONSECUTIVE NIGHTTIME OPERATIONS... 10 8.12.15 RECORDS... 10 8.12.16 CABIN CREW FLIGHT DUTY AND REST PERIODS... 11 TABLE D MAXIMUM FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD LIMITS FOR CABIN CREW MEMBERS... 11 Page 2
Definitions For the purpose of Parts 8.1 and 8.12, the following definitions shall apply:- (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Acclimatised : a crew member is considered to be acclimatised to the WOCL of the time zone where he/she is in when he/she has spent at least 36 consecutive hours free of duty or 72 hours conducting duties in an area within 3 hours of time. Until that time the crew member remains acclimatised to his/her previously acclimatised time zone. Accommodation : for the purpose of standby and split duty, a quiet and comfortable place not open to the public with the possibility to control light and temperature and with access to food and drink. Augmented flight crew : A flight crew which comprises more than the minimum number required to operate the aircraft allowing each flight crew member to leave their assigned post and be replaced by another appropriately qualified flight crew member for the purpose of inflight rest. Break : A period of time, shorter than a rest period, when the crew is free of all duties but still considered to be within duty period, being less than a rest period. A break counts as duty. Calendar Day : The period of elapsed time, using Coordinated Universal Time or local time, which begins at midnight and ends 24 hours later in the next midnight. Crew member : A flight, technical or cabin crew member. Cruise Relief Pilot : A flight crewmember who is assigned to perform pilot tasks during cruise flight to allow the PIC or co-pilot to obtain planned rest. Duty : Any task that a crew member is required to perform by the operator, including flight duty, administrative work, training, positioning, and standby. Duty period : A period which starts when a crew member is required by an operator to report for or to commence a duty and ends when that person is free from all duties. Early start : A flight duty period starting in the period between 05:00 and 05:59 hours in the time to which the crew is acclimatised. `Flight (s)`: The period from takeoff to landing. Flight Duty Period (FDP) : A period which commences when a crew member is required to report for duty, which may include a flight or a series of flights, and finishes when the aircraft finally comes to rest and the engines are shut down, at the end of the last flight on which he/she acts as a crew member. Flight Time : For aeroplanes and touring motor gliders, the total time from the moment the aircraft first moves from its parking place for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest on the designated parking position at the end of the flight and all engines or propellers are stopped. Home Base : The location nominated by the operator to the crew member from where the crew member normally starts and ends a duty period or a series of duty periods and where, under normal circumstances, the operator is not responsible for the accommodation of the crew member concerned. `Journey Log`: A form signed by the PIC of each flight that records the aeroplane's registration, crewmember names and duty assignments, the type of flight, and the date, place, and time of arrival and departure. Late Finish : A flight duty period finishing in the period between 01:00 and 01:59 hours in the time zone to which the crew is acclimatised. Local Day : A 24-hour period commencing at 00:00 local time. Local Night : A period of 8 hours falling between 22:00 hours and 08:00 hours local time. (q) (r) (s) Night Duty : A flight duty period encroaching on any portion of the period between 02:00 and 04:59 hours in the time zone to which the crew is acclimatised. (t) Operating Crew Member : A crew member carrying out his/her duties in an aircraft during a flight. (u) Positioning : The transferring of a non-operating crew member from one place to another, at the request of the operator, excluding the time from home to the designated reporting place at home base and vice versa, as well as the time for local transfer from a place of rest to the commencement of duty and vice versa. Page 3
(v) Rest Facility : A bunk, seat, room, or other accommodation that provides a crew member with a sleep opportunity: (1) Class 1 Rest Facility : A bunk or other surface that allows for a flat sleeping position and is located separately from both the flight deck and the passengers cabin in an area that is temperature controlled, allows the crew member to control light, and provides isolation from noise and disturbance; (2) Class 2 Rest Facility : A seat in an aircraft cabin that allows for a flat or near flat sleeping position, which is separated from passengers at least by a curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation, and is reasonably free from disturbance by passengers or crew members; (3) Class 3 Rest Facility : A seat in an aircraft cabin or flight deck that reclines at least 40 degrees, provides leg and foot support and is separated from passengers by at least a curtain to provide darkness and some sound mitigation, and is not adjacent to any seat occupied by passengers. (w) (x) (y) (z) Rest Period : A continuous and defined period of time, subsequent to and/or prior to duty, during which a crew member is free of all duties. Split Duty : A duty period where the FDP is extended by one or more breaks on the ground within the FDP Standby : A defined period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for a flight, positioning or other duty without an intervening rest period. Suitable Accommodation : means, for the purpose of standby, split duty and minimum rest, a separate room for each crew member located in a quiet environment, equipped with a bed, sufficient ventilation and a device for regulating temperature and light intensity. Page 4
8.11 FATIGUE MANAGEMENT 8.11.1 APPLICABILITY (aa) This section is applicable to the management of fatigue-related safety risks of crewmembers engaged in commercial air transport flight operations. 8.11.2 MANAGING FATIGUE-RELATED SAFETY RISKS (d) (e) For the purpose of managing fatigue-related safety risks, an AOC holder shall establish either: (1) flight time, flight duty period, duty period and rest period limitations that are within the prescriptive fatigue management regulations in 8.12; or (2) A Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) in compliance with 8.11.2(e); or (3) An FRMS in compliance with 8.11.2(e) for part of its operations and the requirements of 8.12 for the remainder of its operations. Where the operator adopts prescriptive fatigue management regulations for part or all of its operations, the Authority may approve, in exceptional circumstances, variations to these regulations on the basis of a risk assessment provided by the operator. Approved variations shall provide a level of safety equivalent to, or better than that achieved through the prescriptive fatigue management regulations. The Authority shall approve an operator s FRMS before it may take the place of any or all of the prescriptive fatigue management regulations. An approved FRMS shall provide a level of safety equivalent to, or better than, the prescriptive fatigue management regulations. Operators using an FRMS must adhere to the following provisions of the FRMS approval process that allows the Authority to ensure that the approved FRMS meets the requirements of 8.11.2. (1) Establish maximum values for flight times and/or flight duty period(s) and duty period(s), and minimum values for rest periods that shall be based upon scientific principles and knowledge, subject to safety assurance processes. (note: defined in Fatigue Risk Management Systems Manual Document 9966) (2) Adhere to the Authority mandates to decrease maximum values and increase in minimum values in the event that the operator s data indicates these values are too high to too low, respectively; and (3) Provide justification to the Authority for any increase in maximum values or decrease in minimum values based on accumulated FRMS experience and fatigue-related data before such changes will be approved by the Authority. Operators implementing an FRMS to manage fatigue-related safety risks shall, as a minimum: (1) Incorporate scientific principles and knowledge within the FRMS; (2) Identify fatigue-related safety hazards and the resulting risks on an ongoing basis; (3) Ensure that the remedial actions, necessary to effectively mitigate the risks associated with the hazards, are implemented promptly; (4) Provide for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the mitigation of fatigue risks achieved by such actions; and (5) Provide for continuous improvement to the overall performance of the FRMS. Page 5
8.12 REST PERIODS, DUTY, AND FLIGHT TIME: for Fatigue Management 8.12.1 APPLICABILITY This section is applicable to the rest, duty and flight time limitations of flight crewmembers engaged in commercial air transport flight operations. 8.12.2 OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES An operator shall, where applicable to the type of operation: (1) Publish duty rosters sufficiently in advance to provide the opportunity for crew members to plan adequate rest; (2) Ensure that flight duty periods are planned in such a way in order to enable crew members to remain sufficiently free from fatigue so that they can operate to a satisfactory level of safety under all circumstances; (3) Specify reporting times to allow sufficient time for ground duties; (4) take into account the relationship between the frequencies and pattern of flight duty periods and rest periods and give consideration to the cumulative effects of undertaking long duty hours combined with minimum rest periods; (5) Allocate duty patterns which avoid practices that cause a serious disruption of established sleep/work pattern such as alternating day/night duties; (6) Provide rest periods of sufficient time to enable crew members to overcome the effects of the previous duties and to be well-rested by the start of the following flight duty period; (7) Plan local days free of duty and notify crew members sufficiently in advance; (8) Ensure that flights are planned to be completed within the allowable flight duty period taking into account the time necessary for pre-flight duties, the flight and turn-around times; (9) An operator shall ensure that persons concerned with the operations of aircraft are trained and educated regarding dangers of fatigue, the causes of sleepiness and importance of sleep and proper sleep habits (10) change a schedule or crewing arrangements where the actual operation exceeds the maximum flight duty period on a significant proportion of flights in that schedule during a scheduled seasonal period. 8.12.3 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER S RESPONSIBILITY A flight crew member shall not operate an aeroplane when he or she knows that he or she is fatigued or feels unfit to the extent that the safety of flight may be adversely affected. Flight crew members shall make best use of facilities and opportunities that are provided for rest and for the consumption of meals, and shall plan and use rest periods to ensure that they are fully rested. Page 6
8.12.4 FLIGHT TIME LIMITATION. No certificate holder may schedule and no flight crew member may accept an assignment or continue an assigned flight duty period if the total flight time: (1) Will exceed 9:30 hours, if the operation is conducted with a 2-pilots flight crew. (2) Will exceed 13 hours if the operation is conducted with a 3-pilots flight crew (3) Will exceed 17 hours if the operation is conducted with a 4-pilot flight crew. If unforeseen operational circumstances arise after takeoff that is beyond the certificate holder s control, a flight crew member may exceed the maximum flight time specified in paragraph of this section and the cumulative flight time limits in 8.12.11 to the extent necessary to safely land the aircraft at the next destination airport or alternate, as appropriate. Each certificate holder must report to the Authority within 10 days any flight time that exceeded the maximum flight time limits permitted by this section. The report must contain the following: (d) (1) A description of the extended flight time limitation and the circumstances Surrounding the need for the extension; and (2) If the circumstances giving rise to the extension were within the certificate holder s control, the corrective action(s) that the certificate holder intends to take to minimize the need for future extensions. Each certificate holder must implement the corrective action(s) reported in paragraph of this section within 30 days from the date of the extended flight time limitation. 8.12.5 UNAUGMENTED OPERATIONS. Except as provided for in 8.12.6, no certificate holder may assign and no flight crew member may accept an assignment for an unaugmented flight operation if the scheduled flight duty period will exceed the limits in Table A of this part. If the flight crew member is not acclimated: (1) The maximum flight duty period in Table A of this part is reduced by 30 minutes. Table A Maximum Flight Duty Period Limits for Two Pilot Operations Start Time Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) based on number of Flight Segments (Acclimated) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 00:00 05:59 12:00 12:00 10:30 10:00 9:00 9:00 9:00 06:00 06:59 13:00 13:00 12:00 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 07:00 12:59 14:00 14:00 13:00 13:00 12:30 12:00 11:30 13:00 16:59 13:00 13:00 12:00 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 17:00 23:59 12:30 12:00 11:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 9:00 Page 7
8.12.6 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD: SPLIT DUTY. For an unaugmented operation only If a Flight Duty Period (FDP) consists of two or more sectors of which one can be a positioning journey counted as a sector, but separated by less than a minimum rest period, then the FDP may be extended by the amounts indicated below; Table B Split Duty Extension Consecutive hours of rest Maximum extension of the FDP Less than 3 hours None 3 6 hours A period equal to half the consecutive hours of rest taken The rest period shall not include the time allowed for immediate post flight duties and preflight duties, a minimum total of 30 minutes. The actual time allowed shall be specified by the operator. When the rest period is less than 6 hours or less, it will suffice if a quiet and comfortable place, not open to the public is available. If the rest period is more than 6 consecutive hours, then a suitable hotel accommodation must be provided. When rest is taken in the aircraft on the ground, the minimum standard of noise, temperature, light and ventilation are to be specified in the operations manual. Such arrangements will only be permitted when the crews have adequate control of the temperature and ventilation within the aircraft and passengers are not onboard. 8.12.7 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD: AUGMENTED FLIGHT CREW. For flight operations conducted with an acclimated augmented flight crew, no certificate holder may assign and no flight crew member may accept an assignment if the scheduled flight duty period will exceed the limits specified in Table C of this part. If the flight crew member is not acclimated: (1) The maximum flight duty period in Table C of this part is reduced by 30 minutes. No certificate holder may assign and no flight crew member may accept an assignment involving more than three flight segments under this section. Table C Scheduled start time (Acclimated) Maximum Flight Duty Period Limits for Augmented Operations Maximum Flight Duty Period (hours) based on rest facilities and number of pilots 3 pilots 4 pilots Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 00:00 05:59 16:00 15:00 14:00 18:00 17:00 14:30 06:00 06:59 17:00 16:00 15:00 19:30 18:00 15:30 07:00 12:59 18:00 17:30 16:00 20:00 19:00 16:30 13:00 16:59 17:00 16:00 15:00 19:30 18:00 15:30 17:00 23:59 16:00 15:00 14:00 18:00 17:00 14:30 Page 8
8.12.8 FLIGHT DUTY PERIOD EXTENSIONS. For augmented and unaugmented operations, if unforeseen operational circumstances arise prior to takeoff: (1) The pilot in command and the certificate holder may extend the maximum flight duty period permitted in Tables A or C of this part up to 3 hours. (2) A flight duty period cannot be extended under paragraph (1) of this section if it causes a flight crew member to exceed the cumulative flight duty period limits specified in 8.12.11 (3) Each certificate holder must report to the Authority within 10 days any flight duty period that exceeded the maximum flight duty period permitted in Tables A or C of this part by more than 30 minutes. The report must contain the following: (i) A description of the extended flight duty period and the circumstances surrounding the need for the extension; and (ii) If the circumstances giving rise to the extension were within the certificate holder s control, the corrective action(s) that the certificate holder intends to take to minimize the need for future extensions. (4) Each certificate holder must implement the corrective action(s) reported in paragraph (3) of this section within 30 days from the date of the extended flight duty period. For augmented and unaugmented operations, if unforeseen operational circumstances arise after takeoff: (1) The pilot in command and the certificate holder may extend maximum flight duty periods specified in Tables A or C of this part to the extent necessary to safely land the aircraft at the next destination airport or alternate airport, as appropriate (2) An extension taken under paragraph of this section may exceed the cumulative flight duty period limits specified in 8.12.11. (3) Each certificate holder must report to the Authority within 10 days any flight duty period that exceeded the maximum flight duty period limits permitted by Tables A or C of this part. The report must contain a description of the circumstances surrounding the affected flight duty period. 8.12.9 AIRPORT STANDBY A crew member shall be considered on standby from reporting at the reporting point until the end of the notified standby period. If standby is immediately followed by an FDP, the following shall apply: (1) If no accommodation is provided to the crew, the FDP shall count in full from the start of the standby; (2) If accommodation is provided to the crew the FDP shall count from the start of the FDP. If the time spent on standby is 6 hours or more the maximum FDP shall be reduced by the amount of standby time exceeding 6 hours. 8.12.10 OTHER STANDBY (d) Standby other than airport standby shall be at home or in a suitable accommodation. The maximum time for standby shall be 12 hours. If the time spent on standby is 8 hours or more the maximum FDP shall be reduced by 25% of the amount of standby time exceeding 8 hours. The maximum number of standby hours shall not exceed 72 hours in any 7 consecutive days. Page 9
8.12.11 CUMULATIVE LIMITATIONS No certificate holder may schedule and no flight crew member may accept an assignment if the flight crew member s total flight time will exceed the following: (1) 32 hours in any 7 consecutive days (2) 110 hours in any 30 consecutive calendar day period (3) 300 hours in any 90 consecutive calendar day period (4) 1000 hours in any 365 consecutive calendar day period No certificate holder may schedule and no flight crew member may accept an assignment if the flight crew member s total flight duty period will exceed: (1) 60 duty hours in any 7 consecutive days; and (2) 190 duty hours in any 30 consecutive days, spread as evenly as practicable throughout this period. 8.12.12 BASIC MINIMUM REST Minimum rest period at home base The minimum rest period provided before undertaking an FDP starting at home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 12 hours, whichever is the greater. Minimum rest period away from home base The minimum rest period provided before undertaking a flight duty period starting away from home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 10 hours, whichever is the greater. The minimum rest period away from home base shall include an 8-hour sleep opportunity taking account of travelling and physiological needs. Recurrent extended recovery rest periods The minimum recurrent extended recovery rest period to compensate for cumulative fatigue is 24 hours, such that there shall never be more than 168 hours between the end of one recurrent extended recovery rest period and the start of the next. 8.12.13 TIME ZONE DIFFERENCES Time zone differences shall be compensated by additional rest, as follows: (1) At home base, if one sector encompasses 4 to 5 time zones, the minimum rest shall be 36 hours if the sector encompasses 6 or more time zones, the minimum rest shall be 48 hours. (2) Away from home base, if one sector encompasses 4 time zones or more, the minimum rest shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 14 hours, whichever is the greater. 8.12.14 CONSECUTIVE NIGHTTIME OPERATIONS 8.12.15 RECORDS Not more than 3 consecutive flight duty periods that infringe on the window of circadian low can be undertaken, nor may there be more than 4 such duties in any 7 consecutive days. An operator shall ensure that at least the following records are kept for 18 months for each flight crew member: The start, duration and end of each flight duty period; Rest periods; and Flight time. Page 10
8.12.16 CABIN CREW FLIGHT DUTY AND REST PERIODS General (1) The standard provisions on Cabin Crew flight duty and rest periods set up in this section apply to all Cabin Crew operating a flight and not only to the minimum cabin crew complement carried on the aircraft to meet provisions of the ECAA. Flight Duty Period (FDP) (1) An operator may assign a duty period to a cabin crew only when the applicable flight duty period (FDP) limitations of this paragraph are met. (2) Except as provided in sub paragraph 3, an operator may not assign a Cabin Crew a FDP of more than: Table D Maximum Flight Duty Period Limits for Cabin Crew Members FDP start time FDP Limit (Acclimated) 00:00-05:59 13:00 06:00-17:59 14:00 18:00-23:59 13:00 (d) (e) (f) (3) An operator may assign a Cabin Crew for a FDP up to 20 hours provided the following conditions are met. (i) Horizontal rest facilities are provided (ii) The divisions of duty and rest is fairly distributed among all Cabin Crew members on a flight (iii) A minimum in-flight rest period of 3 hours must be provided for a FDP up to 18 hrs and 4 hours must be provided for a FDP up to 20 hrs. Rest Period After A FDP (1) The minimum rest period for Cabin Crew immediately after a FDP shall be: (i) At home base as long as the preceding duty time or 12 hrs whichever is longer (ii) At outstation, shall be as long as the preceding duty period or 10 hrs which over is longer. Day Off (1) A maximum of 7 days off in a month shall be provided to a Cabin Crew. (2) Shall not be on duty for more than 7 consecutive days between days off. Duty Hours Limitations (1) 60 hours in any 7 consecutive days (however, in the event of unforeseen delays after the commencement of a rostered duty period covering a serious of duty periods, (this limit may be increased to 65 hours. (2) 210 hrs. in any consecutive 30 days. Records to be kept (1) All records of flight duty periods; rest periods and duty hours must be kept for at least a period of one year. Page 11