HAA 11: Landmarks of World Architecture The Parthenon on the Akropolis of Athens Adrian Stähli, Department of the Classics Rudolf Müller, The Akropolis from the Pnyx (1863). Athens, Benaki Museum
1) Why is the Parthenon a Landmark of Architecture?
Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon (448 432 BC): west façade
Athens, Akropolis, seen from south-west
Cyriacus of Ancona, Sketch from his travels to Greece (1444) Anonymous, drawing (17th c., before 1697). Today.
The Parthenon in the 12th c.
The Parthenon in the 17th c.
The Akropolis in 1697, after: F. Fanelli, Atene Attica descritta (1707)
The Parthenon in 1697
Mortar bomb shell, found in the Parthenon (17th c.). Eton College
James Stuart & Nicholas Revett, The Antiquities of Athens II, 1787
Julien-David Le Roy, Les ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grece, 1758, vol. II, pl. 7 & 9
Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (= The History of Ancient Art), 1764
Archibald Archer, The Temporary Elgin Room (1819). London, British Museum
Parthenon, east pediment (438 434/3 BC): Dionysos. London, British Museum
James Stephanoff, An Assemblage of Works of Art (1845). London, British Museum
Friedrich Schinkel, View of the Flower of Greece (1825, lost); copy by August W. J. Ahlborn (1836). Berlin, Alte Nationalgalerie
Leo von Klenze, Akropolis (1846). Munich, Neue Pinakothek
Peter von Hess, The Entry of King Otto in Athens, 1835 (1839). Munich, Neue Pinakothek
Decimus Burton, Hyde Park Screen (1828). London, Hyde Park Corner
Decimus Burton, Hyde Park Screen (1828). London, Hyde Park Corner
Decimus Burton, Athenaeum (1830). London, Waterloo Place/ Pall Mall
Decimus Burton, Athenaeum (1830). London, Waterloo Place/ Pall Mall
Alexander J. Davis and Ithiel Town, US Custom House (1842); now: Federal Hall National Memorial. New York, Wall Street
Tennessee Centennial Exposition (1897), Nashville
The Parthenon (1931), Nashville
Leo von Klenze, Walhalla (1842). Donaustauf near Regensburg (Bavaria)
Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717 68)
Olympia, Part One: Festival of the Nations (Leni Riefenstahl, Germany 1938)
Makronisos (1946 49)
Makronisos (1946 49)
2) Understanding the Parthenon
Athens, Akropolis
Athens, Akropolis: buildings of the period of Perikles (2 nd half of 5 th century BC)
Parthenon (448 432 BC): west façade
Parthenon (448 432 BC), east façade: Doric column
Parthenon (448 432 BC), east façade: Doric capital and entablature
Parthenon, West metopes and triglyphs (448 438 BC)
Parthenon (448 432 BC), west front. Basel, Skulpturhalle
Parthenon (448 432 BC), triglyphs: regula and guttae
Parthenon (448 432 BC), reconstruction: Gottfried Semper (1834)
Parthenon (448 432 BC), reconstruction: Gottfried Semper (ca. 1834)
Parthenon (448 432 BC): curvature
Parthenon (448 432 BC): south pteron ( wing, aisle) Peripteros
Parthenon (448 432 BC): 30.88 x 69.50 m; 8 x 17 columns. Paestum, Temple of Neptun (of Hera?, ca. 450 BC): 24.31 x 59.96 m; 6 x 14 columns
Parthenon (448 432 BC): west façade
Phidias, Athena Parthenos (438 434/3 BC): reconstructions in Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum (1962), and Nashville, Parthenon (1931)
Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon: rear room of the Cella (= Parthenon?), with treasures according to inventory of 431/30 BC
Akropolis, Parthenon (448 432 BC), North frieze: Hydriophoroi
Parthenon (448 432 BC), West front
Parthenon, cella frieze, or Panathenaic Frieze (448 438 BC)
Parthenon, cella frieze, or Panathenaic Frieze (448 438 BC): west frieze
Olympia, Temple of Zeus Olympios (completed 457/6 BC?): cella, east metopes
Parthenon, cella frieze, or Panathenaic Frieze (448 438 BC): west frieze
Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Phidias and the Frieze of the Parthenon (1868). Birmingham
Parthenon, cella frieze, or Panathenaic Frieze (448 438 BC)
Parthenon, pronaos (448 432 BC): changes in the plan during construction
Parthenon: carving of the south frieze
Annual building accounts of the Parthenon (448 432 BC): Inscriptiones Graecae I 3 439 451. Athens, Epigraphical Museum
Annual building accounts of the Parthenon (448 432 BC), year 434/3 BC: (Inscriptiones Graecae I 3 449). Athens, Epigraphical Museum
Athens, Akropolis (late 5 th century BC): Panathenaia
Parthenon, reading the sculptural decoration: performative gaze
Athens, Akropolis, Parthenon (448 438 BC), North frieze
Parthenon, reading the sculptural decoration: performative gaze