monitoring of egnatia motorways spatial impacts MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, PHYSICAL PLANNING AND PUBLIC WORKS 1
A TOOL AT THE SERVICE OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT The Egnatia motorway Observatory monitors, and informs about the spatial impacts of Egnatia motorway in socio-economic growth and territorial cohesion, in spatial structure and planning, in housing development and networking of settlements, in transport systems and mobility, as well as in the environment. The Egnatia Motorway is one of the largest road projects under construction in the last years in Europe, and is included among the priority projects of Trans-European Transport Networks. The 670 km long motorway crosses Northern Greece horizontally, connects the most major urban centres of the region, links 4 harbours and 6 airports, serves 15 industrial zones and a lot of other business areas (commercial centres, logistics etc), and serves an abundance of tourist regions and cultural places. Consequently, the Egnatia motorway: structure of Northern Greece, sibilty of natural and cultural environment, the mobility and the networking of cities and settlements, and influences the land uses and land values, Greece in Central and South-eastern Europe, and via its vertical axes functions as a collector route for Pan-European Corridors IV (Berlin - Sofia - Thessaloniki), IX (Helsinki - Alexandroupolis) and X (Vienna - Belgrade - Thessaloniki) all end at the Egnatia Motorway. Acknowledging the wider importance of the motorway project, EGNA- TIA ODOS A.E. established and operates the Observatory of the Egnatia Motorway, that provides monitoring and reporting of the motorway s spatial impacts. Based on documented scientific methods and the development of modern infrastructure of information systems, the Egnatia Motorway Observatory collects, processes, and provides valid and updated data concerning: and services, and the intraregional inequalities, network, and The Observatory is developed as a strategic tool providing information and support services to regional development and spatial planning policies and programmes. The results, the reports and more generally the produced material of the Observatory are available to citizens and interested agencies and institutions via the Internet, but also via print publications, booklets, special events etc. 2
ORGANISATION PRODUCTION Τhe Egnatia Motorway Observatory is the only observatory of transport and spatial impacts, with a permanent organization and operation, in Greece. It is an organisation with a scientific/technical structure, capable of providing valid and updated information and documentation for the motorway s spatial impacts, beyond the usual statistical reports. By creating the Observatory and incorporating it in the existing structure of EGNATIA ODOS A.E. the maximum possible compatibility and complementarity with the other activities of the company is achieved, and at the minimum possible cost, as the existing human resources and equipment are utilized in a more rational and effective way. The Observatory develops specialized know-how on Information Systems for Spatial Data Management and Indicator Monitoring that enables the recording, calculation, and monitoring of various indicators, as well as their geographical analysis. The Observatory Information System includes the operation of a website on the Internet () through which Observatory products are presented and diffused. An electronic library and a database with supporting material and metadata have also been developed. data products Applications (GIS software etc.) Information Systems (IS) Infrastructure (Systems & Data) Organisational Structure Human Resources EGNATIA ODOS A.E. Information Technology (IT) 3
https://intranet.egnatia.gr http://www.egnatia.eu 4
THE SYSTEM OF INDICATORS The Observatory bases the monitoring and study of the Egnatia motorway s spatial impacts on a system of indicators, by applying scientifically documented specifications, methods, and analysis tools used in current European practice. The system of indicators is developed towards full compliance with the latest know-how in spatial impacts assessment of transport and Trans-European Networks (i.e. EEA-TERM, ESPON projects). Thus, this indicators system is not static it undergoes a constant review and is being adapted to new requirements, and scientific developments. The system comprises aproximately 50 indicators. These indicators provide information and analysis of the status of development, societal, environmental, and transport characteristics of the areas affected by the Egnatia motorway and its vertical axes. For operational reasons and in correspondence with the categories of spatial impacts, the indicators are classified in three large groups: (a) socio-economic & spatial planning, (b) environmental, and (c) transportation indicators. For each indicator the following are drafted: (a) The Technical Bulletin providing the scientific and technical methodological specification for calculating the indicator. (b) The Calculation Manual describing each step of the calculation and monitoring method. (c) The Results Factsheet, presenting the processed results of each indicator. The combined assessment and evaluation of indicator results is carried out around four basic parameters related to the main objectives of EU policy: (1) mobility and accessibility, (2) economic and social cohesion, (3) balance and networking of settlements, and (4) quality of environment. The Egnatia Observatory was examined by the research institute NordRegio as a case study for the implementation of the ESDP (European Spatial Planning Perspective) in the context of the ESPON programme (European Spatial Planning Observatory Network - project 2.3.1: Application and effects of the ESDP in Member States, 2007, URL: http://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/243/366/index_en.html) 5
Socio-Economic and & Spatial Planning Indicators Benefited population SET02 Market Size SET03 Work Force SET04 Growth and prosperity level (GDP per head) SET05 Unemployment rate SET06 Accessibility of transport modes SET07 Accessibility of industrial areas SET08 Accessibility of sites of cultural & tourist interest SET09 Population change SET10 Urban population changes SET11 Hierarchy of urban centres SET12 Population density SET13 Composition of production by industry sector (GVA) SET14 Composition of employment by industry sector SET15 Foreign trade SET16 Urban landuse changes SET17 Industrial and commercial landuse changes SET18 Real estate changes SET19 Business location SET20 Enterprise development Environmental indicators ENV01 Population exposed to traffic noise ENV02 Air pollution ENV03 Cohesion - fragmentation of settlements ENV04 Tunnel air quality ENV05 Landscape restoration ENV06 Fragmentation of natural areas ENV07 Land use changes ENV08 Proximity to protected areas ENV09 Crossings with surface waters Transportation Indicators TRA01 Traffic volume (AADT) TRA02 Traffic composition TRA03 Person Movements TRA04 Travel-time TRA05 Time-distance TRA06 Freight (transport of goods) TRA07 Annual Vehicle kilometres TRA08 Road safety TRA09 Level of service TRA10 Road network density TRA11 Traffic Volume on National Road TRA12 Trans-border movements TRA13 Intermodal transport TRA14 Characteristics of Vehicle Movements TRA15 Passenger Journeys by alternative transport modes 6
Each indicator has specific spatial application levels that are the IMPACT ZONES of the EGNATIA MOTORWAY. 7
Egnatia motorway constitutes the main axis facilitating combined transport growth, as well as of manufacturing, commercial and tourist activities in its impact zone. It considerably decreases the time-distances between cities, terminal stations and transit centres. The Traffic Department (Direction of Operation, Sector of Operation and Maintenance) of EGNATIA ODOS A.E. is the basic traffic data source for the Observatory s transportation indicators. Since 1997, EGNATIA ODOS A.E. has launched a traffic count program with systematic traffic counts performed on the Egnatia Motorway corridor and its Vertical Axes. The traffic count collection and process- system developed, is an integrated system that will ing ultimately comprise 65 stations in total. A TRAFFIC FORE- CASTING MODEL has also been developed, to provide an abundance of traffic data, forecasts and analyses concern- the Egnatia Mainline and its Vertical ing Axes. time-distance from to before Egnatia with Egnatia Igoumenitsa Kipi 11 hours, 30 6 hours, 10 Igoumenitsa Ioannina 1 hour, 45 45 Ioannina Thessaloniki 5 hours 2 hours, 15 Thessaloniki Kavala 2 hours, 15 1 hours, 15 Kavala Alexandroupoli 2 hours, 20 1 hours, 15 Alexandroupoli Kipi 25 15 8
Average Annual Traffic Volume percent change between Thessaloniki and other cities 1993-2006 300% 250% 251% 200% 207% 185% 150% 152% 130% 145% 100% 50% 0% Igoumenitsa Ioannina Grevena Kozani Imathia 41% Kavala 92% Xanthi Data Source: Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning and Planning Works, 1993 & EGNATIA ODOS A.E. - Operation & Maintenance Division - Traffic Department Komotini 66% Alexandroupoli INTERREGIONAL ANNUAL AVERAGE TRAFFIC VOLUME, 1993 AND 2006 Region of Destination and Origin Traffic Volume Percent Change 1993-2006 Central Macedonia East Macedonia and Thrace 148.50 % Central Macedonia West Macedonia 176.70 % Central Macedonia Epirus 134.50 % Total 160.50 % 9
The Egnatia motorway: Greece and EU (such as the Regions of Epirus, Western Macedonia and Thrace) and as a result, bility, and provides the backbone for a new polycentric model of spatial growth, planning, changing the conditions in the transportation systems, in attracting investments, in allocation of activities, and in regional policy, sibilty of natural and cultural environment, the mobility and the networking of cities and settlements, and influences the land uses and land values, route for the Trans-European Transport Networks, through the vertical axes. 10
700% 600% 500% 400% 300% 200% THESSALONIKI AREA - IOANNINA AREA - I/C 05 IOANNINA KOMOTINI AREA - I/C 38 EAST KOMOTINI 100% 0% STATUTORY VALUES MARKET VALUES MAXIMUM PERCENT CHANGE 1998 AND 1999-2007 Changes in the area around the Egnatia motorway, Ioannina I/C, 1998-2007: 67 new enterprises 426 new jobs, of which: 68% in commerce 16% in transport storage 5% in hotels restaurants etc 5% in constriction 5% social services 11
GDP per capita in the impact zone of the five regions is 14,524, equivalent to the 71.6% of the EU 27 average (2006, Eurostat data). Ioannina, Grevena and Thesprotia Prefectures had the highest growth rate in the period 1995-2006 (GDP in mill. of and constant prices), while Karditsa, Imathia and Drama Prefectures had the lowest. Unemployment rate in the impact zone of the five Regions was 9.15%, which is higher that the country s unemployment rate. (2007 Eurostat data). 61% of the population in the five-region zone is employed in the services sector, 20.6% in the industry sector and 18.4% in the agriculture sector. The percentage of employment in the primary and secondary sectors in the five-region zone, is higher that the country s respective employment rates, while in the tertiary sector it is lower (2004 Eurostat data). The ratio of exports to imports in the zone of the five regions is 0.53 while the national ratio is 0.29, which reveals that Northern Greece is mainly export-oriented (2007 Greek National Statistics Agency data). 100% Prefectures: GDP/habitat in PPS as a percentage of the European Union average, (EU27), 2006 90% 80% 70% Percentage (%) 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Total of Greece Thessaloniki Kozani Magnisia' Kilkis Ioannina Chalkidiki Grevena Impact Zone IV Larissa Thesprotia Kavala Kstoria Evros Florina Preveza Imathia Xanthi Pella Pieria Drama Trikala Arta Serres Karditsa Rodopi Prefectures 12 Data Source: EUROSTAT and Greek National Statistics Agency, May 2009.
The Egnatia Motorway impact zone, including the five regions of East Macedonia & Thrace, Central Macedonia, West Macedonia, Epirus and Thessaly, represents: the total national product). irrigated land, country. In the decade 1991-2001 the total population increase in the zone of the five regions is 6.7%. The respective population increase for the prefectures of Thessaloniki and Xanthi is higher than 10%. The four large urban centres of the region of Thrace (Alexandroupolis, Xanthi, Orestiada and Komotini) show impressive increase (16.9% - 32.1%) 13
The Observatory collaborates with the Department of Environment, (Directory of Maintenance, Sector of Operation and Maintenance), of EGNATIA ODOS A.E. which monitors air, noise and water pollution, during the operation of the motorway. Under this collaboration a special project, regarding the measurement and mapping of Road Traffic Noise is currently under way, according to Directive 2002/49/ EC. The operation of the motorway has led to the bypass of many existing settlements, improving the quality of life by reducing the percentage of population exposed to traffic noise. For the calculation of environmental indicators the Observatory also works with the Department of Environment and Landscape Restoration (Design Directory, Sector of Works) of the EGNATIA ODOS A.E. 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Level of of settlements fragmentation before and after the Egnatia Motorway and 5 verticle axis 0 Evros Rodopi Xanthi Kavala Thessaloniki Serres Imathia Kozani Grevena Kastoria Ioannina Before the Egnatia Motorw ay and verticle axis After the Egnatia Motorw ay and verticle axis 14
Recent reports and Working Papers 6th indicators results report Transport policy and territorial cohesion The case of the Egnatia motorway in Northern Greece Possession rate of vehicles and basic developmental indicators in the impact zone of Egnatia motorway, Greece Pilot study of land use and land value changes in 3 selected urban areas in the direct impact zone of the Egnatia motorway Enterprise development in the Egnatia motorway s impact zone Determination and Analysis of Functional Urban Regions, based on daily commuting: the role of Egnatia motorway 1st spatial impacts report of Egnatia motorway: mobility - cohesion - balance environment The Regions on the path of Egnatia motorway: up-to-date socioeconomic profile Current research studies The role of Egnatia motorway in polycentric growth in its impact zone. Study of transport Indicators: commercial transportation, intermodal transport, mobility in the cross-border stations, mobility with alternative means of transport. Study of Egnatia motorway impacts on the accessibility of other means of transport (harbours, airports, railway stations), development zones (industrial and manufacturing areas, technological parks etc), and tourist locations. Study of land-use and land-value changes, as well as of enterprises location, around 15 interchanges of Egnatia motorway. Measurement and mapping of road traffic noise across the populated areas on the axis of Egnatia motorway. Observatory Web site: In the period from 06/06/2005 to 30/05/2009 the web site has 5.497.665 hits that correspond to: 15
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, PHYSICAL PLANNING AND PUBLIC WORKS Egnatia Odos Observatory EGNATIA ODOS A.E. 6th km Thessaloniki - Thermi P.O. Box 60030 570 01 Thermi, Thessaloniki tel: +30 2310 470362 fax: +30 2310 475 937 e-mail: observe@egnatia.gr EGNATIA ODOS Α.Ε. 2009