Military rules on RPAS certification. The NATO GH-AGS Program.

Military rules on RPAS certification. The NATO GH-AGS Program. CONVEGNO OPERAZIONI REMOTE CON I SAPR Rome, Casa dell Aviatore, 15 th November 2018 Col. GArn Ing. Filippo TRIGILIO Directorate of Air Armaments and Airworthiness

OBJECTIVE Scope To provide some information on military rules, RPAS military certification and the Global Hawk Alliance Ground Surveillance (GH-AGS) Program Aim To share some characteristics and issues related to the RPAS military certification 1/25

AGENDA Military Airworthiness Rules Military Type Certificate for RPAS NATO GH-AGS Program 2/25

AGENDA Military Airworthiness Rules Military Type Certificate for RPAS NATO GH-AGS Program Rome, 15 November 2018 Military rules on RPAS certification. The NATO GH AGS Program.

Military Rules Intl. Law (Chicago Convention) National Law (Air Nav. Code, ) Ministerial Decrees Technical Regulations 3/25

RPAS Classification CLASSIFICATION (DM dated 23 rd June 2006) RPAS classification is based on the energy related to weight and onboard fuel quantity. According to a NATO case study, a 66J energy falling body is the hazard limit for a human being. The norm defines the following classification: RPAS CLASS AV- STRATEGIC (MTOW>500kg) AV-TACTICAL (150kg<MTOW<500kg) AV-LIGHT (20kg<MTOW<150kg) AV-MINI/micro (MTOW<20kg) MILITARY A/C REGISTRATION YES YES YES NO 4/25

Military Rules In order to insert a military RPAS into air navigation, following the Military Type Certificate, a DOCUMENTO TECNICO OPERATIVO (DTO) is required. DAAA input MILITARY TYPE CERTIFICATE DTO IS AGREED BETWEEN AERONAUTICA MILITARE acting as MILITARY AVIATION AUTHORITY (MAA) ENAC Acting as CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (CAA) AREE DI LIMITATIONS IMPIEGO WORKING LIMITAZIONI AREA 5/25

Military Rules (2016) DTO-4 Applicable also to specific agreements No radar coverage required O P S (2012) DTO-3 Expanded to cover Foreign military RPAS operations (Diplo Clearance process) (2010) DTO-2 Operation of RPAS in designated areas (corridors published in AIP) L A W L A W O P S (2006) DTO-1 (2006) Ministerial Decree (2006) Air Navigation Code Revision (2010) COM (Military Law Code) Art. 246 RPAS definition Art. 247 RPAS operation in designated areas Technical Agreement for Operation - Air Force, Civil Regulators (ENAC, ENAV) Military Regulator (DAAA) for conflict, crisis, in segregated areas of operations RPAS taxonomy and classification Art. 743 (definition of Aircraft) RPAS Art. 745 Admitted to air navigation by DAAA (2004) Law nr. 178 RPAS recognized as aircraft (by law) Rome, 15 November 2018 Military rules on RPAS certification. The NATO GH AGS Program. 6/25

Military Rules FULL INTEGRATION FLIGHT IN DESIGNATED AREAS/CORRIDORS SMART SEGREGATION SEGREGATION 2004 2010 2016 2020 7/25

AGENDA Military Airworthiness Rules Military Type Certificate for RPAS NATO GH-AGS Program Rome, 15 November 2018 Military rules on RPAS certification. The NATO GH AGS Program.

Military Type Certification & Qualification Prop. System Struct. Electric System Mater. Avion. & Diagn. Sys. Arm & Selfprot. E3 SW HMI A/C Cybersec. RMS System Safety Airworthiness MILITARY TYPE CERTIF. RMS Struct. Flight Perf. Hand. Qual. Envir. Arm. & Selfprot. Operational Performance MILITARY TYPE QUALIF. 8/25

Certification Process International Agreement Acquisition Contract Airworthiness Certification Basis/DOC/DUS Certification Program Plan MOC Agreement AW Matrix MOE production Final Revue Tech Rep START Application for MTC A/W Codes Special Conditions A/W artifacts goal Kick off Meeting Certification Panels Witnessing CP/MPTF MTC Release Industrial Initiative AER.P-21 Application for MDOA Design Org Exposition MOP Analysis On-Site Survey MCVE Privileges MDOA Recognition 9/25

Certification Criteria DAAA is member of the NATO FINAS (Flight In Non-segregated AirSpace) working group which developed the following standards: STANAG 4671 Fixed wing MTOW>150kg - Edition 2 ratified, Edition 3 under ratification STANAG 4702 Rotary wing MTOW>150kg STANAG 4703 Fixed wing MTOW<150kg STANAG 4746 Rotary wing MTOW<150kg At final stage Certification requirements are incremental with weight in order to guarantee safety of the third parties AER(EP).P-2 rule is recognizing the NATO standards with some further national restrictions. 13/25

Certified RPAS Strategic and Tactical RPAS Predator A+ (MQ-1C) Predator B (MQ-9A) Shadow 200 (RQ-7C) 10/25

Certified RPAS Mini RPAS Strix-C (RQ-10C) Asio-B (RQ-24A) Spyball-B (RQ-25A) ScanEagle (RQ-27A) Strix-D (RQ-10D) IA-3 Colibrì 11/25

Certified RPAS Micro RPAS Raven DDL (RQ-11C) Sixton-A (RQ-12A) Crex-B (RQ-26A) Crex-CC 12/25

Certification Criteria Certification Basis (CB) Requirements = f (Design Usage Spectrum) Compliance Non-Compliance Evidence not sufficient Design Problems Single Point of Failure (No Fail-Safe) Risks 14/25

Certification Criteria 1,E-03 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Cumulative Probability Catastrophic [/flh] 1,E-04 1,E-05 1,E-06 (15;1E-4) 0,0015 / MTOW (750;1E-5) (150;1E-5) 0,0813 / (MTOW) 1,36 (4000;1E-6) 1,E-07 MICRO MINI LIGHT TACTICAL STRATEGIC Maximum Take-Off Weight [kg] 15/25

AGENDA Military Airworthiness Rules Military Type Certificate for RPAS NATO GH-AGS Program Rome, 15 November 2018 Military rules on RPAS certification. The NATO GH AGS Program.

GH-AGS Background 2009: PMOU NATO AGS PROCUREMENT 15 Nations NATO Alliance Ground Surveillance Management Agency (NAGSMA) 16/25

GH-AGS Background 2010: Board of Director Decision IT MOD DAAA Initial Airworthiness MTC Military Registration 17/25

GH-AGS Background 2012: CONTRACT NGISSII - NAGSMA NGISSII SYSTEM DESIGN RESPONSIBLE- START OF CERTIFICATION ACTIVITIES END OF CONTRACT MAY 2017 5 AIR VEHICLE ORDERED 18/25

GH-AGS Background 2018: CONTRACT RE-BASELINE BY MAY 2017 NO MTC ISSUANCE DUE TO LACK OF EVIDENCES MILESTONES IN AWC ESTABLISHED IN ORDER TO REACH NEW MTC GOAL (DECEMBER 2018) 19/25

GH-AGS Overview 20/25

GH-AGS Overview 21/25

Status of GH-AGS Certification INITIAL MTC IS EXPECTED AT THE END OF 2018 RISK OF DELAY VERY HIGH A NUMBER OF TECHNICAL ISSUES STILL OPEN HIGH RISK OF OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS A COMMON UNDERSTANDING AMONG NATO COUNTRIES IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO JOINTLY ASSESS OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS AND ATM INSERTION RULES 22/25

NATO GH AGS Operations Strategy Common Airworthiness Rules STANAG 4671 Common ATM Rules STANAG 7234 O P E R A T I O N S Mutual Recognition between MAwA NATO RECOGNITION PROCESS Civil Aviation Authority Involvement NATO Vs EUROCONTROL 23/25

GH-AGS Ferry Flight DAAA Military Type Certificate Limitations Military Aviation Autority Diplomatic Clearance Air Traffic Insertion (ATI) Route Definition & Authorization Ferry Flight planned on February 2019 Rome, 15 November 2018 Military rules on RPAS certification. The NATO GH AGS Program. 24/25

CONCLUSION DAAA contribute to 13 years of safe RPAS Operations Pillars for safe RPAS Operations: RPAS Technical Reliability Suitable Technology Procedures For the future, address RPAS design at the early stages 25/25

Military rules on RPAS certification. The NATO GH AGS Program. CONVEGNO OPERAZIONI REMOTE CON I SAPR Rome, Casa dell Aviatore, 15 th November 2018 Col. GArn Ing. Filippo TRIGILIO Directorate of Air Armaments and Airworthiness