NATIONAL CRIME AND SAFETY SURVEY: 2010 SUMMARY REPORT Produced by CLEEN Foundation with support from Macarthur Foundation
RESEARCH DESIGN The aim of the survey was to obtain information regarding Nigerians views on the extent, trend and patterns of criminal victimization in the country. The study was conducted in the 36 states of Nigeria and Abuja between February and May 2010. The total sample size was 10,228 comprising 50 male and 50 female of 18 years and above. The methodology used in the data collection was the in-home, face to face personal interviews, using a stratified multi-stage random selection procedure in order to achieve a national representative sample. The field interviews were conducted by Practical Sampling International, a reputable social research company based in Lagos.
Fear of Becoming a Victim of Crime 98.8 98 97 97. 97. 97..1.8.6 3 0 96.0 95.9 95.7 95.0 94.8 93.8 92.9 92.3 92.0 90.8 90.7 90.4 89.5 89.5 88.5 88.2 86.8 86.6 85.5 83.9 83.8 83.7 82.5 79.9 79.4 79.2 77.0 76.9 73.0 72.6 68.2 66.7 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 1 Gom Plate be FCT au Ebonyi On do Sokoto Bor Tara Os Enu rno ba un gu Nasarawa Bauchi Kogi E do Adamawa Jigawa Niger Oyo Abia Ka Katsi no na Delta Yo be National Kebbi Kadu na Kwara Bayel Ben sa ue Rivers Akwa-Ibom Imo Ekiti Zamfara Lag os Cross-River Anambra Og un An average of 86.6 of Nigerians express fear of becoming victims of crime with residents of Gombe, Abuja and Plateau states topping the chart while Ogun, Anambra and Cross River states rank the least.
Actual Experiences of Crime 9.5.3 21.8 19.6 35. 34. 31.3 29.5 29.2 28.5 28.4 52.0 50.8 50.6 50.4 48.5 47.1 43.5 43.5 42.9 42.4 37.9.1 1 69.9 69.2 68.4 65.4 65.2 65.1 63.9 62.7 62.6 61.6 61.5 60.9 58.9 82.9 79.9 75.3 9 8 7 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 Cros Kebbi Kwara Ebonyi Gombe Borno Ondo Niger Bauchi s-river Edo Enugu Akwa-Ibom Plateau Yobe Adamawa Bayelsa Oyo Benue Sokoto Rivers Delta National Kano Anambra Abia Kaduna Jigawa Ekiti Taraba Nasarawa Zamfara FCT Lagos Osun Imo Kogi Katsina Ogun State An average of 47.1 of Nigerians have actually experienced one type of crime or the other with Kebbi, Kwara and Ebonyi states ranking the most while Ogun, Katsina and Kogi states rank the least.
Actual experiences of crime by region 70 62 60 57 51 50 46 40 40 40 30 29 20 10 0 North East South South North Central South East South West North West Lagos This chart shows a distribution of people s experiences of crime by the region in which they are resident. The North East and the South South region revealed the highest experiences of crime in the last three years.
88.8 97.1 4.0.4 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Theft 19.8 25.7 25.6 25.4 38.1 37.4 35.5 34.7 33.1 32.5 57.3 56.7 55.9 54.7 54.4 53.6 53.4 53.2 51.5 51.1 46.5 45.0 43.5 43.1 42.4 65 68.5.9 77.3 76.0 75.3 74.2 73.5 9 91. 85.4 2 0 1 Kebbi Gom be Cross-River Yo be Kwara Bor On rno do Adamawa Ebonyi Jigawa Bauchi Niger Plate Enu E au gu do Akwa-Ibom FCT Oyo National Rivers Sokoto Delta Ben Kadu Bayel Tara Ka ue na sa ba no Abia Nasarawa Ekiti Zamfara Anambra Lag Os Og Katsi Imo os un un Kogi na An average of 53.6 of Nigerians have experienced various forms of theft ; theft of money, cars, motorcycle, and even agricultural product All respondents from Kebbi state have experienced one form of theft or another. The least level of theft is recorded in Katsina, Kogi and Ogun states.
6 Theft of Mobile Phone 37.9 36.1 35.0 49.1 5 26.1 25.9 25.8 24.7 24.1 23.2 22.4 22.1 1.8 21.7 21.5 21.2.0 2 19.3 18.6 17.9 15.0 14.8 14.1 13.8 11.9 11.1 10.5 33.5 33.2 33.2 33.0 31.6 31.3 30.3 3 29.8 29.2 4 3 2 1 2 21 Cros Gombe Ondo Borno Kebbi Oyo Niger Plateau s-river Yobe Kwara Enugu Delta Rivers FCT Jigawa Akwa-Ibom Adamawa Ebonyi National Edo Bauchi Anambra Ekiti Kano Kaduna Taraba Benue Abia Ogun Bayelsa Osun Lagos Imo Sokoto Kogi Nasarawa Zamfara Katsina State Theft of mobile phones is the highest form of theft experienced by Nigerians with a national average of 24.1. Gombe, Ondo and Borno states records the highest level while Katsina, Zamfara and Nasarawa recorded the lowest level of mobile phone theft.
54.3 6 Assault 35.8 35.6 35.2 43.4 5 5 18.9 17.2 16.3 15.9 15.0 13.9 13.2 12.3 12.0 11.2 1 9.6 9.3.8 8.0 30.4 30.1 28.9 27.9 25.2 24.1 23.4 23.2 23.1 22.0 4 3 2 1 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.0 1.5 1.2 8 0.7 Kebbi Bor rno Cross-River Yo be Kwara Niger Ebonyi Adamawa Bayel Enu sa Abia On E gu do do Anambra Gom be Akwa-Ibom Plate au National Jigawa Ben Oyo ue FCT Rivers Imo Bauchi Lag Ka os no Sokoto Delta Ekiti Kogi Os Tara Kadu un ba na Zamfara Nasarawa Katsi na Og un An average of 16.3 of Nigerians have been physically assaulted with Kebbi, Borno and Cross Rivers states recording the highest experiences while Ogun, Katsina and Nasarawa states record the least.
1 Kidnapping 9.0 8.0 6.0 70 7.0 6.0 5.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0. 0. 8 8.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.1 3.3 3.8 4.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.6 40 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 Ad amawa Cross-River Kebbi Niger Ogun Oyo Zamfara Lagos Katsina Borno Osun Plateau Kano Yobe Taraba Bayelsa Ondo Kogi Anambra Kaduna Ekiti Bauchi Nasarawa National Gombe Benue Kwara Jigawa Akwa-Ibom Enugu FCT Delta Rivers Edo Sokoto Abia Imo Ebonyi 0 State Ebonyi, Imo and Abia states record the highest rate of kidnapping in the country while states like Lagos, Katsina and Borno record the least. None of the respondents from Adamawa, Cross River, Kebbi, Niger, Ogun, Oyo or Zamfara have experienced kidnapping.
7.4 3 Rape Ebonyi 27 Bayel Ben sa ue Rivers Yo E Enu be do gu Sokoto Niger Akwa-Ibom Delta National Ka no Kebbi Bauchi Gom be Ekiti FCT Cross-River Kadu Plate na au Kogi Nasarawa Os Bor Tara un Oyo rno ba Kwara Adamawa Abia Og un Anambra Imo Jigawa Katsi na 3.7 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 5.3 5.2 9.5 8.3 8.1 7.0 Lag On os do Zamfara 25.0 2 15.0 1 5.0 Rape of female respondents is highest in Ebonyi, Bayelsa and Benue states, reported completely non-existent in Zamfara, Ondo, Lagos, Katsina, Jigawa, Imo states and with the lowest record in Anambra,, Ogun and Abia states.
3 Robbery 3.7 3.3 2.7 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.4 5.6 5.2 5.1 9.8 21.0 20.6 20.2 19.3 18.5 18.4 17.8 16.7 16.4 15.0 14.5 14.0 13.1 13.0 12.1 11.9 11.1 10.4 10.4 25.1 23.9 22.9 25.0 2 0 15.0 1 5.0 1.0 9.7 9.0 8.8 8.8 Cros s-river Benue Kwara Edo Akwa-Ibom Bayelsa Ebonyi Rivers Kebbi Enugu Yobe Nasarawa Bauchi Sokoto Anambra Delta Imo Plateau Abia National Gombe FCT Zamfara Osun Ondo Kaduna Taraba Ekiti Kogi Adamawa Oyo Borno Niger Jigawa Kano Ogun Lagos Katsina State Robbery is reported by respondents to be highest in Cross River, Benue and Kwara states and lowest in Katsina, Lagos and Ogun states while the average rate of robbery in Nigeria stands at 11.1 1
8 2 Murder 11.8 2.9 17. 16.3 18.0 16.0 9.4 1 14.0 12.0 1 4.7 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.9.8.7 6 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.6 5.6 7.0 6.9 6.6 80 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 Cros Bayelsa Ebonyi Benue Rivers Edo s-river Yobe Enugu Sokoto FCT Plateau Bauchi Kaduna National Delta Kogi Zamfara Imo Akwa-Ibom Niger Abia Kwara Oyo Anambra Taraba Kebbi Ondo Nasarawa Borno Gombe Ekiti Ogun Jigawa Adamawa Kano Osun Lagos Katsina 1 1 1. 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 State About 3.5 of Nigerians reported the murder of a member of their household with the highest records in Bayelsa, Ebonyi and Benue states and the lowest record in Katsina, Lagos and Osun states.
46.9 44.8 44.5 5 45.0 4 Domestic Violence 27.4 26.8 24.4 23.2 21.7 21.6 21.1 32.0 39.4 38.1 35.0 3 25.0 9.0 8.1 7.5 6.5 6.3 4.8 3.3 2.1 1.6 0.6 0.2 14.9 14.9 20.3 20.2 19.8 19.4 19.2 17.7 16. 14.0 13.8 13.5 12.9 12.2 9 2 0 15.0 1 5.0 Ad Kwara Yobe Gombe Borno Bauchi amawa Cross-River Rivers Kebbi Edo FCT Plateau Ebonyi Ondo Bayelsa Osun Taraba Kano Kaduna National Benue Niger Oyo Sokoto Delta Enugu Akwa-Ibom Abia Zamfara Nasarawa Anambra Kogi Lagos Ogun Imo Jigawa Ekiti Katsina State An average of 16.9 of Nigerians have reported experiencing domestic violence with the highest record in Kwara, Yobe and Gombe states and the lowest records from Katsina, Ekiti and Jigawa States.
Assessment of Human Rights Violations in Nigeria (Actual experiences in the hands of government officials, vigilante groups or mobs) Physical Assault 6.4 Verbal abuse 4 Extortion Torture 2.6 2.8 Detention without arraignment within 48 hrs 2 Abuse of power 1.2 Force eviction Denial of remedies Sexual harassment Rape Extrajudicial killing by security agencies Human trafficking Attempted rape Attempted extrajudicial killing by security agencies Extrajudicial killing by Vigilante group or mob Abduction Others 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 This chart shows the different forms of violations Nigerians have actually suffered in the hands of government officials, vigilante groups or mobs. Physical assault, verbal abuse and extortion and torture remains the highest experience.
PERCEPTIONS ON CRIME TRENDS 2006-2010 2006 50 48.7 51 2010 40 34 30 22.1 24.4 20 12 10 4.9 3 0 Increased Stayed the same Decreased Don t Know The chart shows a comparison of the perception of Nigerians about the trend of crime in general. The red bars show the perception in the 2006 survey while the grey bars show the perceptions in 2010. On the average more Nigerians believe crime has stayed the same or declined than otherwise.
90 RATE OF REPORTING OF CRIME TO THE POLICE 80 77 70 60 50 40 30 20 23 10 0 Reported to the police Did not report Of the people who have experienced one form of crime or the other, as much as 78 did not report the incidence to the police while only 22 did. Other agencies crime were reported to include family/friends, traditional systems, vigilante groups, community groups, etc.
REPORTING OF CRIME TO POLICE IN STATES 60 50 51 44 40 30 20 14 15 15 16 19 19 19 20 21 22 23 23 23 26 25 25 24 29 30 30 31 32 33 34 36 36 39 39 10 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 0 This state by state analysis indicates that residents of Sokoto, Kogi and Taraba states report experiences of crime to the police more than any other states while Lagos, Plateau and Abia report the least.
40 SATISFACTION WITH HANDLING OF CASES BY THE POLICE 35 32 34 30 25 20 15 10 11 13 10 5 0 Very satisfied Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissafisfied Not satisfied Not at all satisfied Of the people that reported their experiences of crime to the police, a total of 43 indicated some level of satisfaction in the handling of the case by the police. 13 showed neither satisfaction or dissatisfaction while a total of 44 indicated outright dissatisfaction.
40 REASONS FOR FEELING DISSATISFIED WITH THE POLICE 35 36 30 25 22 20 15 13 10 5 8 6 9 4 2 0 Police did not do enough to apprehend the offender Police did not do enough to recover the property Police did not Police did not treat keep me properly me with respect informed Police were slow to arrive Police kept asking me for money Police colluded with the suspect Others This chart shows the various reasons people gave for being dissatisfied with the handling of their cases by the police. More people believe the police did not do enough either to apprehend the offender or recover their property; also that the police kept asking them for money.
40 POLICE PERFORMANCE IN CRIME CONTROL 38 35 30 26 25 22 20 15 10 5 6 8 0 Very good job Good job Neither good nor poor Poor job Very poor job This chart shows the perception of all Nigerians on police performance in crime control regardless of whether they have experienced crime or use the services of the police. More people rated the police as doing a good job than doing a poor job.
100 Satisfaction with present state government in crime control 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 66 61 61 57 57 56 56 20 52 48 48 45 45 44 44 44 42 39 39 38 37 37 36 36 33 32 31 30 30 28 27 10 24 24 22 20 13 12 0 6 This governance chart measures the satisfaction Nigerians have with their state government in the control of crime. Lagos, Katsina and Anambra states indicated the highest level of satisfaction while Abia, Ogun and Taraba states indicated the least.
80.0 Driving without Valid Driver's License 68.6 63.9 62.9 70.0 60.0 47.4 50.0 42.1 41.9 39.6 38.9 37.9 35.9 33.7 31.9 30.0 28.6 27.4 27.3 27.2 26.3 25.8 25.0 23.9 23.8 22.9 20.5 20.5 20.0 17.9 16.7 16.1 15.0 14.3 14.0 12.5 12.1 12.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 0.0 2.7 7.1 10.0 0.0 Adamawa Kebbi Katsi na Niger On FCT Yo do be Bauchi Plate au Delta Ben Ka Kadu ue no Kogi Os Ekiti na un National Jigawa Sokoto Tara Bor ba rno Nasarawa Oyo Rivers Gom Imo E be do Zamfara Bayel sa Kwara Akwa-Ibom Og Enu Lag un Abia gu os Anambra Cross-River Ebonyi This chart shows the use of valid drivers license as an indicator of safety on Nigerian roads. 27.2 of drivers admitted to driving without valid driver s license and the highest records came from Adamawa, Kebbi and Katsina states while Ebonyi, Cross river and Anambra recorded the least.
Road User Behaviours Sometimes/Occassionally Everytime/Often Never Get angered by another driver's behaviour, and give chase with the intention of giving him/her a piece of your mind 53.4 7.8 38.8 Drive very close to the car in front as a signal for its driver to go faster or get out of the way 50.4 7.8 41.8 Become impatient with slower drivers on the outer lane and overtake them from the right side 48.1 10.5 41.4 Underestimate the speed of an oncoming vehicle when overtaking 47.1 6.5 46.4 Find yourself having an aversion to a particular class of road user& then indicate your hostility by whatever means you can 46.5 8.8 44.6 Stop for pedestrians to cross when driving on the street 43.1 38.8 18.1 Use of seatbelt 42.2 56.1 1.7 Fail to check your rear view or side mirror before pulling out or changing lanes 38.9 6 55.1 Run traffic light while driving 38.7 18.2 43.1 Drive on the wrong side of the road e.g one way or BRT lanes 38.5 3.3 58.2 Get involved in unofficial 'races' with other drivers 34.3 2.9 62.7 Drive after drinking more than one bottle of beer or one tort (shot) of hot drink 32.8 32 3.2 64 0 20 40 60 80 100 This chart shows a summary of other road user behaviours that affect road safety in Nigeria. The orange bars indicate that the respondents exhibit the behaviour sometimes/occasionally, the red bar indicate that the respondents exhibit the behaviour everytime/often and the blue bars say they never exhibit such behaviour.
OPINION ON TREND OF CORRUPTION IN NGERIA (1999-2010) Don t know Decreased 100 80 3 4.8 3 12 20.9 24 7 11.5 13 60 Stayed the same Increased 40 78 62.8 60 20 0 May 1999-2005 Year 2006 2007-2010 This chart summarizes Nigerians opinion on the trend of corruption since 1999 till date. There is a strong indication of a sharp decline from the 1999-2005 period to the year 2006 and a more gradual decline for the period 2007-2010 2010.
80 DEMAND FOR BRIBE BY GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS BY STATE 70 70 60 59 59 50 40 30 20 48 48 45 42 41 40 38 38 38 36 36 36 35 34 31 30 30 29 28 27 25 24 23 23 20 20 17 17 10 13 12 11 11 10 10 4 0 Ebonyi E On Bayel do do sa Kebbi Enu Gom Bor Ben gu be Abia Ka rno ue no Oyo Ekiti Niger Sokoto Kwara Os un National Delta Og Tara Plate un ba au Cross-River Yo be Rivers Anambra Bauchi Adamawa Katsi na Akwa-Ibom Kadu Lag na Kogi os Nasarawa Zamfara Imo Jigawa FCT This is a state by state analysis of actual demand for bribe from government officials as experienced by respondents. Ebonyi, Edo and Ondo states record the highest rate while the FCT, Jigawa and Imo states record the lowest.