ITALIAN AIR FORCE Remotely Piloted Operations Integration Colonel Claudio CASTELLANO Bruxelles, 25.10.2018
Analize RP operations Define RP operations due regard/accommodation solutions with effective interaction with Stakeholders
AGENDA SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE RPAS ACC. REQUIREMENTS EXTRACTION RPAS MALE HALE ACCOMMODATION RPAS CONTINGENCIES CONCLUSIONS
AGENDA SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE RPAS ACC. REQUIREMENTS EXTRACTION RPAS MALE HALE ACCOMMODATION RPAS CONTINGENCIES CONCLUSION
MAXIMIZING RPAS CAPABILITIES ISR & COMBAT ISTAR proper equipment adequate concept and doctrines skillful personnel VISION: People overseeing autonomous processes and systems collaboratively teamed together have the potential to revolutionize warfare, particularly when applied to RPA.
«MANNED» AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS AVIATION FUNC. + MAN NAVIGATION FUNC. + MAN COMUNICATION FUNC. + MAN AW REQUIREMENTS ATM CNS REQUIREMENTS
RPAS REQUIREMENTS AVIATE FUNC. GAP NAVIGATE FUNC. GAP COMUNICATE FUNC. GAP AW REQUIREMENTS NOT YET ATM CNS REQUIREMENTS RPS FUNC. + MAN GAP SWITCH FROM «STICK» TO SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS + MCRI
RP OPS CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT (MODEL BASED SYSTEM ENGINEERING) Leverage militaryprerogatives (state aircraft-due regard) Use modelling and simulation for validating and develop doctrines, concepts, capabilities, requirements, safety objectives, training and ATI procedures (PRACTICES) Speed up maturity cycle Real system Perform experiments Experimental results Compare and improve model Make a model Perform simulations Simulation results Compare and improve theory Model system Construct approximate theories Theoretical predictions
MILITARY (STATE) AEROSPACE CIRCULATION MAC ORGANIZATION &SPONSORS OAT Operational Air Traffic AEROSPACE INSTRUMENT REQUEST BALANCE REQUEST/ OFFERT DOCTRINE LEVEL OF AMBITION RESOURCES COMMAND INFORM PROTECT ENGAGE DEPLOY SUSTAIN AEROSPACE INSTRUMENT OFFERT MILITARY AEROSPACE SYSTEM
AGENDA INTRODUCTION & PERSPECTIVE RPAS ACC. REQUIREMENTS EXTRACTION RPAS MALE HALE ACCOMMODATION RPAS CONTINGENCIES CONCLUSION
AEROSPACE SYSTEM MODEL 9: AVIATION SECURITY KC-SKILLS/ ORGANIZATIONS INFRASTRUCTURES INFOSTRUCTURES KC-SKILLS/ ORGANIZATIONS REQ. 8: AERO SPACE & GENERAL WEATHER 7: AEROSPACE MEDICINE 6: FLIGHT SAFETY MILITARY AIR LAW 5: INTEGRATION (ATM CNS) 4: FLIGHT OPERATIONS 3: COMMAND CONTROL COORDINATION 2: TECHNICAL AIRWORTHINESS 1: AIRPORTS AND INFRASTRUCTURES 0: SMS DATA MINING QUALITY AUDIT INFRASTRUCTURES REQ.
DATAS MATERIALS MILITARY AEROSPACE CIRCULATION QUALITY PERSONNEL AIRCRAFTS SAFETY DUE REGARD
MILITARY AEROSPACE CIRCULATION PILLARS CUMULATIVE RISK MITIGATION, CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT, INTELLIGENT RESISTANCE RESPONSE Phisical, Logical, Cognitive layer Flight Safety OA Operational Airwothiness Technical Airwothiness OPERATIONAL HAZARDS FS TA TECHNICAL SYSTEM FAILURES
MAN-MACHINE TRANSITION MAN vs MACHINE PILOT ATCO OTHER PILOTS AVIATE AVIATE GND RISK TAA STANAG 4671 (PLOA MODEL) NAVIGATE INTEGRATE AIR RISK + COMMUNICATE ADDED GND RISK OAA SURVEILLANCE DETECT AND AVOID weather, birds, obstacles, intruders, markings, signals AIRPORTS POPULATION DENSITY RMK. LANDING ISSUE Man In the Loop Man On the Loop Abort function Alerting function Monitoring functions Awareness functions Automation Autonomy Deterministic behaviour OBJECTIVE GAP MITIGATION BARRIER CERTIFICATION/QUALIFICATION PERFORMANCE SAFETY FINAL SOLUTION OBJECTIVES NUISANCE JUST CULTURE (ENCOUNTER MODEL + ADDED I-PLOA)
AIR RISK (Mid Air Collision MAC) Airspaces High Density 1000ft Separation Mainly Commercial Aircrafts High number of passengers Controlled Mainly Homogenous aircrafts More ATI Equipment Highly reliable aircrafts Lower Density 2000ft Separation Recommended for MALE RPAS Less commercial aircrafts Less passengers Controlled Inhomogeneous aircrafts Less ATI Equipment Less reliable aircraft Low Density Self Separation Few commercial aircrafts Few passengers Uncontrolled Homogenous aircrafts Few ATI Equipment No flight by night for VFR Less reliable aircraft Safety Net Safety Level Decrease Risk RVSM 29 000ft CS25 Controlled airspace 10 000ft to 15 000ft Step 3 Major redesignof RPAS and/or airspace CS25 CS23 Uncontrolled airspace 500ft to 1000 ft AGL = Minimum Sector Altitude CS25 CS23 < 5,7t CS25 Step 1 IOC & Mission Military Restricted airspace CS23 < 5,7t CS23 Infringement General Aviation Negative impact Aim PMaC/fh< 1E-9 CS23 < 5,7t CS25 Aim PMaC/fh< 1E-7 Ground Collision / hard & forced landing / runway overrun / ditching Rate (Stat. 1983-2006) = 3,2E-5 accident/fh - 8,8E-8 fatalities/fh Step 2 FOC Step 4 Major redesignof RPAS or/and airspace Mid Air Collision Rate =7E-7 fatalities/fh (Stat. 1983-2006)
AIR RISK (Mid Air Collision MAC) P MAC Contributors in controlled airspace 1E-8 1E-3 1E-2 1E-1 1E-1 1E-1 P MAC = x x x P collision Course P ATC Fails P RPAS Fails P Intruder Fails x P Collision 1.1 Density 2.1 Airspace Management 3.1 RPAS Detection 4.1 Intruder Detection 5.1 Mid Air Collision Geometry 1.2 Intruder Emergency e.g. loss propulsion 2.2 Intruder Radio 3.2 RPAS Coll. Avoid. 4.2 Intruder Coll. Avoid. 1.3 RPAS Emergency e.g. loss propulsion 2.3 RPAS Radio 3.3 RPAS Separation 4.3 Intruder Separation 1.4 Bad Weather 1.5 Intruder Navigation 2.4 RPAS C2 2.5 Intruder Transponder Major TLS Contributors 1.6 RPAS Navigation 1.7 Intruder Baro Altitude 1.8 RPAS Baro Altitude 2.6 RPAS Transponder Comparison of the RPAS with a Manned Aircraft Lower than 5,6t No impact Positive impact Equivalent impact Negative impact 1.9 Intruder Uncontrolled Infringement
SYSTEM COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS ATM CNS SERVICES COMMAND INFORM PROTECT ENGAGE DEPLOY SUSTAIN COMMAND CONTROL & CIV- MIL COORDINATION FUNCTIONS
MCRI & ATI ISSUES DETECT AND AVOID C2 LINK CONTINGENCIES PERFORMANCES AIRSPACE & AIRPORT ACCESS HUMAN FACTOR & LICENSING SECURITY AUTOMATION UTM
EU DENSITY OF POPULATION & AIR TRAFFIC RPAS AW Density < 50 PERS./KM 2 DIFFICULT SEGREGATED OPTIONS IN EU HIGH DENSITY AREAS