Table of Content SECTION : 07 TOC-S07 Page 1 of 57 SECTION 07: THE PART 01: THE TRAINING PLAN... 3 7.1.1 GENERAL... 3 7.1.2. AIM OF THE COURSE... 3 7.1.3. PRE-ENTRY REQUIREMENTS... 3 7.1.4. CREDIT FOR PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE... 3 7.1.5. THE TRAINING PROGRAMME... 3 7.1.6. THE TRAINING SYLLABUS... 4 PART 02: THE THEORETICAL COURSE... 19 7.2.1. INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS... 19 7.2.2. COURSE MATERIAL & DOCUMENTS... 19 7.2.3. PROGRESS CHECK... 19 7.2.4. COURSE OUTLINE... 19 7.2.5. PROGRAM OVERVIEW... 22 PART 03: FLIGHT TRAINING... 25 7.3.1. PROGRESS CHECK - FLIGHT TRAINING POLICY... 25 7.3.2. EXTERNAL INSPECTION... 25 7.3.3. INTERNAL CHECK... 25 7.3.4. SEATING POLICY... 25 7.3.5. UNAUTHORIZED MANOEUVRES... 25 7.3.6. ENGINE FAILURE SIMULATION... 25 7.3.7. BRIEFING AND DEBRIEFING... 25 7.3.8. COURSE OUTLINE... 27 7.3.9. PROGRAM OVERVIEW (LONG BRIEFINGS AND AIR EXERCISES)... 27 GIVEN EX... 27 7.3.10. PLANNING OF FLIGHT LESSONS... 28 7.3.10.3 AIR EXERCISES:... 28 7.3.10.4. SESSION 1:... 29 LONG BRIEFING 1... 29 AIR EXERCISE 1:... 29 7.3.10.5. SESSION 2:... 30 LONG BRIEFING 2... 30 AIR EXERCISE 2... 30 7.3.10.6. SESSION 3:... 31 LONG BRIEFING 3... 31 AIR EXERCISE 3... 31 7.3.10.7. SESSION 4:... 32 LONG BRIEFING 4... 32 AIR EXERCISE 4... 32 7.3.10.8. SESSION 5:... 33 LONG BRIEFING 5... 33 AIR EXERCISE 5... 33 7.3.10.9. SESSION 6:... 34 LONG BRIEFING 6... 34 AIR EXERCISE 6... 34 7.3.10.10. SESSION 7:... 35 LONG BRIEFING 7... 35 AIR EXERCISE 7... 35
Table of Content SECTION : 07 TOC-S07 Page 2 of 57 7.3.10.11. SESSION 8:... 36 LONG BRIEFING 8... 36 AIR EXERCISE 8... 36 7.3.10.12. SESSION 9:... 37 LONG BRIEFING 9... 37 AIR EXERCISE 9... 37 7.3.10.13. SESSION 10:... 38 LONG BRIEFING 10 A... 38 AIR EXERCISE 10 A... 38 7.3.10.14. SESSION 11:... 39 LONG BRIEFING 10 B... 39 AIR EXERCISE 10 B... 39 7.3.10.15. SESSION 12:... 40 LONG BRIEFING 11 A... 40 AIR EXERCISE 11 A... 40 7.3.10.16. SESSION 13:... 41 LONG BRIEFING 11 B... 41 AIR EXERCISE 11 B... 41 7.3.10.17. SESSION 14:... 42 LONG BRIEFING 12... 42 AIR EXERCISE 12... 42 7.3.10.18. SESSION 15:... 43 LONG BRIEFING 13... 43 AIR EXERCISE 13... 43 7.3.10.19. SESSION 16:... 44 LONG BRIEFING 14... 44 AIR EXERCISE 14... 44 7.3.10.20. SESSION 17:... 45 LONG BRIEFING 15... 45 AIR EXERCISE 15... 45 7.3.10.21. SESSION 18:... 46 LONG BRIEFING 16... 46 AIR EXERCISE 16... 46 7.3.10.22. SESSION 19:... 47 LONG BRIEFING 17... 47 AIR EXERCISE 17... 47 7.3.10.23. SESSION 20:... 48 LONG BRIEFING 18A... 48 AIR EXERCISE 18A... 49 7.3.10.24. SESSION 21:... 51 LONG BRIEFING 18B... 51 AIR EXERCISE 18B... 51 7.3.10.25. SESSION 22:... 52 LONG BRIEFINGS 18C... 52 AIR EXERCISE 18C... 52 7.3.10.26. SESSION 23:... 54 LONG BRIEFING 19... 54 AIR EXERCISE 19... 54 7.3.10.27. SESSION 24:... 56 LONG BRIEFING 20... 56
TRAINING PLAN SECTION : 07 PART-01 Page 3 of 57 PART 01: THE TRAINING PLAN 7.1.1 GENERAL This course is designed to meet the requirements of BCAA CIR/FLC 16/21 and divided in sessions, these session will correspond with the mandatory items of the requirements. 7.1.2. AIM OF THE COURSE The aim of the course is to train aeroplane licence holders to the level of proficiency required for the issue of a FI(A) rating, and for that purpose, to: 1. refresh and bring up to date the technical knowledge of the student instructor; 2. train the student instructor to teach the ground subjects and the air exercises; 3. ensure that the student instructor s flying is of a sufficient high standard; and 4. teach the student instructor the principles of basic instruction and to apply them at the PPL level. The FI(A) course shall give particular stress to the role of the individual in relation to the importance of human factors in the man-machine and theoretical knowledge environment interaction. Special attention shall be paid to the applicant s maturity and judgement including an understanding of adults, their behavioural attitudes and variable levels of education. During the course, the applicant shall be made aware of his own attitude to the importance of flight safety. Improving safety awareness shall be a fundamental objective throughout the course. 7.1.3. PRE-ENTRY REQUIREMENTS 1. The applicant must be 18 years old 2. He must hold at least a PPL 3. He must have passed a specific pre-entry skill test with a FI(A) authorised by the Authority to train student-instructors. This skill test must have been completed within the 6 months preceding the start of the FI course. 4. He must have at least 200 hours of flight time, including: a. 150 hours as PIC if he is the holder of a PPL(A). b. 30 hours on single piston engine aeroplanes of which at least 5 hours have been accomplished within the 6 months preceding the pre-skill test. 5. He must have received at least 10 hours of instrument flight instruction of which a maximum of 5 hours may have been accomplished in an FNPT II. 6. He must have completed 20 hours of cross-country flying as PIC, including a flight of no less tha 540 Km (300 Nm) during which at least two full stop landings were completed on two different aerodromes other than the departure aerodrome. 7. Finally, he must have successfully passed the exam for the theoretical knowledge required for the granting of a CPL. 7.1.4. CREDIT FOR PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE Pilots holding or having held a FI(H) rating are credited with 75 hours toward the theoretical part of the FI(A) course 7.1.5. THE TRAINING PROGRAMME The BFS Theoretical Knowledge course comprises 126 hours including the progress tests. A detailed programme is provided in Part 2 of this Section. The BFS Flight training course includes 30 hours of which: 1. 25 hours are Dual Instruction. (5hours may be completed in a FNPT II or flight simulator, as approved by the Authority.) 2. 5 hours may be mutual flying, that is: two student-instructors flying together to practice flight instruction / demonstrations. The skill test is additional to the course training time.
TRAINING PLAN SECTION : 07 PART-01 Page 4 of 57 7.1.6. THE TRAINING SYLLABUS THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE INSTRUCTION: Refer to Part 2 of this Section FLIGHT TRAINING: Refer to Part 3 of this Section. 7.1.7. TRAINING RECORDS AND FORMS Refer to Section 1 for the content of the Student Folder. The following Training Records and forms shall be used: 1. Flight Training Progress Form (Annex 7-1-A) 2. Flight Report Form (Annex 7-1-B) 3. Flight Programme Form (Annex 7-1-C) 4. Theoretical Instruction Programme & Schedule Form (Annex 7-1-D) 5. Theoretical Instruction Student Attendance Record Form (Annex 7-1-E) 6. Theoretical Instruction Progress Tests Results Form (Annex 7-1-F) 7. Theoretical Exam Application Form (Annex 7-1-G) 8. Skill Test Application & Report Form (Annex 7-1-H) INTENTIONALY BLANK
TRAINING PLAN SECTION : 07 PART-01 Page 5 of 57 Annex 7-1-A : Flight Training Progress Form
TRAINING PLAN SECTION : 07 PART-01 Page 6 of 57 Annex 7-1-B: Flight Report Form
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TRAINING PLAN SECTION : 07 PART-01 Page 9 of 57 Form Verso
TRAINING PLAN SECTION : 07 PART-01 Page 10 of 57 Annex 7-1-E: Theoretical Instruction Student Attendance Record
TRAINING PLAN SECTION : 07 PART-01 Page 11 of 57 Annex 7-1-F : Theoretical Instruction Progress Tests Results Name & First Name: Progress Test n : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 PROGRESS CHECK FI.. A B C D E F G RESULTS:.. REMARKS: Signatures: Student Instructor
TRAINING PLAN SECTION : 07 PART-01 Page 12 of 57 Annex 7-1-G : Theoretical Exam Application Form:
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THEORETICAL TRAINING SECTION : 07 PART: 02 Page 19 of 57 PART 02: THE THEORETICAL COURSE 7.2.1. INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS The course will consist of traditional stand-up instruction supplemented with appropriate audio-visual programs, rear projection slides, or overhead projector transparencies. 7.2.2. COURSE MATERIAL & DOCUMENTS The trainees are provided with the following documents (Manuals) at the beginning of the course: 1. The Program overview 2. The air pilot s manual Vol. 1 Flying Training Peter Godwin 3. BCAA CIR FCL 16 / TRNG-03 7.2.3. PROGRESS CHECK Progress checks are scheduled as indicated, at the end of specific sessions and at the instructor s discretion 7.2.4. COURSE OUTLINE 7.2.4.1. Course structure: The course complies with the requirements outlined in the JAR-FCL 1 and the BCAA CIRC-FCL 16 Ed 3/2003 The ground course embodies 42 classroom sessions. Each session has a duration of 3 hours (60 min) instruction work, parted by two breaks of 10 min. 40 hours are dedicated to classroom tuition given by qualified IRIs 79 hours are dedicated to student practice (standing briefings, training planning, admin work, etc.) 7 hours are dedicated for the completion of Progress Tests (7) Total 7.2.4.2 Course content: The theoretical knowledge course shall cover the following subjects: 1. The learning process Motivation Perception and understanding Memory and its application Habits and Transfer Obstacles to learning Incentives to learning Learning methods 2. The teaching process Elements of effective teaching Planning of instructional activity Teaching methods Teaching from the known to the unknown Use of Lesson Plans
THEORETICAL TRAINING SECTION : 07 PART: 02 Page 20 of 57 3. Training philosophies Value of a structured (approved) course of training Importance of a planned syllabus Integration of theoretical knowledge and flight instruction 4. Techniques of applied instruction a. Theoretical knowledge Classroom instruction techniques Use of training aids Group lectures Individual briefings Student participation / discussion b. Flight Airborne Instruction Techniques The flight / Cockpit environment Techniques of applied instruction Post-flight and in-flight judgement and decision making 5. Student evaluation and testing a. Assessment of student performance The function of Progress Tests Recall of knowledge Translation of knowledge into understanding Development of understanding into actions The need to evaluate rate of progress b. Analysis of student errors Establishing the reason for errors Tackle major faults, minor faults second Avoidance of over criticism The need for clear & concise communications 6. Training program development Lesson planning Preparation Explanation and demonstration Student participation and practice Evaluation 7. Human performance and limitation relevant to flight instruction Physiological factors Psychological factors Human information processing Behavioural attitudes Development of judgement and decision making 8. Hazard involved in simulating systems failures and malfunctions in the aeroplane during flight.
THEORETICAL TRAINING SECTION : 07 PART: 02 Page 21 of 57 Selection of a safe altitude Importance of touch drills Situational Awareness Adherence to correct procedures 9. Night Flying Instruction Objectives and legal requirements Night familiarisation Preparation for flight Equipment required for flight Night vision accommodation Personal safety precautions in the parking areas External / Internal checks night considerations Aeroplane lights and lighting system - operation 10. Training administration Theoretical / Flight instruction records Pilot s personal flying logbook The flight / ground curriculum Study material Official forms Aircraft / Owner s Manuals, Pilot s Operating Handbooks Flight authorisation papers Aircraft documents The PPL regulations
THEORETICAL TRAINING SECTION : 07 PART: 02 Page 22 of 57 7.2.5. PROGRAM OVERVIEW The following Programme overview / schedule shall be completed ( dates, session times, names of instructor, students practice) for each new course and distributed to the students: SESSIONS DATE* TIME* DURATION SUBJECT Questions / discussion (course content & schedule) INSTRUCTOR / STUDENT 1 3hrs Subject 1: The learning process Including progress test (30 min) 2 3hrs Subject 2: The teaching process 3 1hr 2hrs Subject 2: The teaching process ( Including progress test) Subject 3: Training Philosophies (Trg Manual Sec 2 PPL) 4 3hrs Subject 4a: Theoretical Knowledge Classroom instruction techniques 5 2hrs 1hr Subject 4a: Theoretical Knowledge Classroom instruction techniques Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) 6 3hrs 7 3hrs 8 3hrs 9 3hrs 10 3hrs Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) 11 12 13 14 15 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) Subject 4a: Students practice (including discussion and advise) 16 3hrs Subject 4b: Flight Airborne instruction techniques 17 18 1hrs 2hrs 3hrs Subject 4b: Flight Airborne instruction techniques Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise
THEORETICAL TRAINING SECTION : 07 PART: 02 Page 23 of 57 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 3hrs 2hrs 1hr 2hrs 1hr Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 4b: Students practice (including discussion and advise Subject 5a: Student evaluation and testing Assessment of performance Progress Test Subject 5b: Student evaluation and testing Errors analysis Progress Test 30 3hrs Subject 6: Training programme development 31 2hrs 1hr Subject 6: Training programme development Subject 6: Student practice 32 3hrs Subject 6: Student practice 33 3hrs Subject 6: Student practice 34 3hrs Subject 6: Student practice 35 3hrs Subject 6: Student practice 36 3hrs Subject 6: Student practice 37 3hrs Subject 7: Human performance and limitations 38 3hrs Subject 7: Human performance and limitations (including Progress test) 39 3hrs Subject 8: Hazards involved in simulating failures / malfunctions during flight 40 1hrs 2 hrs Subject 8: Hazards involved in simulating failures / malfunctions during flight Progress Test Subject 9: Night Flying 41 3hrs Subject 9: Night Flying
THEORETICAL TRAINING SECTION : 07 PART: 02 Page 24 of 57 42 2hrs 1hr Subject 10: Training Administration Progress Test (general revision) 126 HRS (40 hrs tuition, 79 hrs practice in class, 7 hrs Progress tests) * NOTE : Before the start of a FI theoretical course BFS FTO will provide the BCAA with a program overview. This program overview is based on the standard program overview on previous. The sessions may be in a different order depending on the availability of the instructors. The trainees will also receive a program overview as notified to the BCAA Total course time is 126 hrs including progress checks.
Page 25 of 57 PART 03: FLIGHT TRAINING 7.3.1. PROGRESS CHECK - FLIGHT TRAINING POLICY As a general rule, all the items in the training syllabus must be completed and repeated, if necessary, until proficiency is achieved. 7.3.2. EXTERNAL INSPECTION This must be carried out using the complete External Inspection description from the Aircraft Operation Manual, under supervision of the flight instructor. 7.3.3. INTERNAL CHECK Give a brief review of the safety equipment and aircraft documents. Demonstrate the opening and closing of the doors. 7.3.4. SEATING POLICY Applicant FI(A) will occupy the right hand seat under the supervision of their FI. Ensure the trainee knows the seat adjustment technique and gets comfortable. Correct eye position is vitally important. The trainee should be seated in such a position as to allow a view over the cowling and have full view of instruments. The seat should be adjusted in co-ordination with rudder pedals so that full rudder and brake application can be applied and that full power lever application can be made at the same time. Check that seats are correct locked. 7.3.5. UNAUTHORIZED MANOEUVRES Unauthorized manoeuvres that might jeopardize the safety of flight shall not be allowed nor performed. All the limitations contained in the AOM / POH apply. If necessary, dangerous manoeuvres shall be performed in an appropriate STD. 7.3.6. ENGINE FAILURE SIMULATION Engine failure during take off, cruise or touch and go shall only be simulated. Such engine failures will be simulated by setting the power lever to idle, using anti-icing procedures as appropriate. Actual engine shutdown is allowed for training purposes under the following conditions: 1. Minimum altitude is 3000 ft AGL, and 2. Vis 5 Km or more and clear of clouds, in view of the ground, and 3. Overhead an airport or aerodrome suitable for a safe engine-out forced landing, and 4. Engine restart procedures must be initiated immediately after the shutdown. 7.3.7. BRIEFING AND DEBRIEFING A briefing period will be allocated prior each flight session to allow for preparation and discussion of the day program and exercises.
Page 26 of 57 A debrief period will also be allocated after each session to debrief the session and begin the following session preparation, home study matters, etc.
Page 27 of 57 7.3.8. COURSE OUTLINE BRIEFING Dual flight Progress Test Mutual Flight SE aircraft 24:00 18:00 02:00 05:00 FNPT II * 02 :00 05:00 26:00 23:00 02:00 05:00 * The FNPT II will only be used to complete air exercises that include prohibited manoeuvres on the aeroplane operated for the training, or for air exercises 18C, 19 and 20. 7.3.9. PROGRAM OVERVIEW (LONG BRIEFINGS AND AIR EXERCISES) Flights Briefings Exercises 1 Familiarisation with aeroplane, preparation for and action after flight, air experience + familiarisation right seat flying Long Briefing Total Flying Total briefings Time Briefing Time Flying ex 1 ex 2 01:00 01.00 2 Effects of control, Taxiing ex 4 & ex 5 01.00 01.00 01.00 02.00 3 Straight & level flight, climbs & descents ex 6-7-8 01.00 02.00 01.00 03.00 4 Turns (30 /45 ), slow flight ex 9 & ex 10A 01.00 03.00 01:00 04.00 5 Mutual flight straight & level flight, turns,climb, descent, slow flight 01.00 05.00 6 Stalling (clean & turn) ex 10B 01.00 04.00 01:00 06.00 7 Stalling (flaps & climb) ex 10B 01.00 05.00 01:00 07.00 8 Mutual flight all types off stalls 01.00 08.00 9 Spins recovery at incipient stage & developed ex 11A & 01.00 06.00 01:00 09.00 spin 11B 10 Mutual flight spin & incipient spin 01.00 10.00 11 Circuits (standard, flapless, full flaps, power ex 12-13** 02.00 08.00 01:00 11.00 off) 12 Circuits 01.00 12.00 13 Mutual flight circuits 01.00 13.00 14 Advance turning & forced landing without power ex 15 & ex16 02.00 10.00 01:00 14.00 15 Mutual flight advanced turning & forced landing 01.00 15.00 16 Precautionary landing ex 17 01.00 11.00 01:00 16.00 17 Pilot navigation with landing in non controlled ex 18A 02.00 13.00 03:00 19.00 airfields 18 Pilot navigation with landing in controlled ex 18A 01.00 14.00 03:00 22.00 airfield 19 Navigation at lower levels / reduced visibility ex 18B 01.00 15.00 02:00 24.00 & Radio navigation* ex 18C 20 Introduction to instrument flying* & Basic ex 19 & 20 03.00 18.00 02:00 26.00 night flight** 21 General revision (progress test) 02.00 20.00 02:00 28.00 GIVEN EX 22 General revision before examination 02.00 30.00 Remarks: Exercises marked with a single asterisk may be performed in a FNPT flight simulator Exercises marked with a double asterisk should also be performed at night if the privileges of the FI(A) rating are to include instruction for night flying.
Page 28 of 57 7.3.10. PLANNING OF FLIGHT LESSONS The flight training program is built around Sessions which include Long Briefings and Air Exercises that the student-instructor must prepare and complete. A Long Briefing is based on the Lesson Plan corresponding to the Air Exercises scheduled in the session. 7.3.10.1. LESSON PLANS: The preparation of LESSON PLANS is an essential pre-requisite of good instruction, and the student instructor shall be given supervised practice in the planning and practical application of Lesson Plans. Lesson Plans shall be contain the following items: 1. The objectives of the lesson 2. The elements of the lesson (air exercises to be completed) 3. The schedule (flight preparation, briefing / de-briefing times, flight time ) 4. The equipment to be used ( didactic equipment, aeroplane, etc.) 5. Instructor actions (Air exercises: what, how, why) 6. Student actions (Air exercises: what, how, why) 7. Completion standards 8. Common errors 9. References (applicable manuals, regulations, etc.) 7.3.10.2 LONG BRIEFINGS: The student-instructor must prepare and deliver the Long Briefing. The briefing shall include a statement of the aim (objectives) and a brief allusion to principles of flight if relevant. An explanation is to be given of exactly what air exercises are to be taught by the instructor and practiced by the student instructor during the flight. It shall include how the flight will be conducted with regard to who is to fly the aeroplane and what airmanship, weather, flight safety aspects currently apply. The course instructor shall mainly act as a student-pilot, asking questions, seeking explanations and sound out the theoretical and technical knowledge of the student. 7.3.10.3 AIR EXERCISES: The air exercises are similar to those used for the PPL(A) training, but with additional items designed to cover the needs of a flight instructor rating. The numbering of exercises should be used primarily as an exercise reference list and as a broad instructional sequencing guide. Therefore, demonstration and practice need not necessarily be given in the order listed. The actual order and content will depend upon the following factors: 1. the student s progress and ability 2. the weather conditions affecting the flight 3. the flight time available 4. instructional techniques considerations 5. the local operating environment. It follows that student instructors will be faced with similar interrelated factors. They should be shown and taught how to construct lesson plans, taking into account all the above factors, so as to make the best use of each flight lesson, combining parts of the set exercises as necessary. Airmanship is a vital ingredient of all flight operations. Therefore, during all the air exercises the relevant aspects of airmanship shall be stressed at the appropriate times and circumstances. During flight, the course instructor shall simulate in-flight handling difficulties, mistakes & misunderstandings. It is expected that the student-instructor will pick up all the deficiencies and correct them as required.
Page 29 of 57 7.3.10.4. SESSION 1: LONG BRIEFING 1 AEROPLANE FAMILIARISATION OBJECTIVES Introduction to the aeroplane Explanation of the cockpit layout Aeroplane and engine systems Check lists, drills, controls Differences when occupying the instructor s seat EMERGENCY DRILLS Action in the event of fire in the air and on the ground engine cabin and electrical Systems failures as applicable to type Escape drills location and use of emergency equipment and exits AIR EXERCISE 1: FAMILIARISATION WITH THE AEROPLANE Introduction to the Aeroplane Explanation of the Cockpit Layout Aeroplane Systems Check Lists, Drills, Controls EMERGENCY DRILLS Action in the Event of Fire in the Air and on the Ground -Engine/Cabin/Electrical System Failure as Applicable to Type Escape Drills Location and use of Emergency Equipment and Exits --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 30 of 57 7.3.10.5. SESSION 2: LONG BRIEFING 2 PREPARATION FOR AND ACTION AFTER FLIGHT Objectives Flight authorisation and aeroplane acceptance including technical log (if applicable) and certificate of maintenance Equipment required for Flight (Maps, etc.) External checks Internal checks Student comfort, harness, seat or rudder pedal adjustment Starting and Warming up Checks Power Checks Running Down, System Checks and Switching Off the Engine Leaving the Aeroplane, Parking, Security and Picketing Completion of Authorisation Sheet and Aeroplane Serviceability Documents AIR EXERCISE 2 PREPARATION FOR AND ACTION AFTER FLIGHT Flight Authorisation and Aeroplane Acceptance Aircraft Serviceability Documents Equipment Required for Flight (Maps etc.) External Checks Internal Checks Student Comfort, Harness, Seat or Rudder Pedal Adjustment Starting and Warming up Checks Power Checks Running Down, System Checks and Switching Off the Engine Leaving the Aircraft, Parking, Security and Picketing Completion of Authorisation Sheet and Aeroplane Serviceability Documents --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 31 of 57 7.3.10.6. SESSION 3: LONG BRIEFING 3 Nil AIR EXERCISE 3 Air Experience --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 32 of 57 7.3.10.7. SESSION 4: LONG BRIEFING 4 EFFECTS OF CONTROLS Objectives Function of Primary Controls when Laterally Level and Banked Further Effect of Ailerons and Rudder Effect of Inertia Effect of Airspeed Effect of Slipstream Effect of Power Effect of Trimming Controls Effect of Flaps Operation of Mixture Control Operation of Carburettor Heat Control Operation of Cabin Heat/Ventilation Systems Effect of other Controls (as applicable) Airmanship AIR EXERCISE 4 EFFECTS OF CONTROLS Primary Effects of Flying Controls when Laterally Level and Banked Further effects of Ailerons and Rudder Effect of Airspeed Effect of Slipstream Effect of Power Effect of Trimming Controls Effect of Flaps Operation of Mixture Control Operation of Carburettor Heat Control Operation of Cabin Heat/Ventilation Systems Effect of other Controls as applicable Airmanship -----------------------------------------------------------------END-------------------------------------------------------------
Page 33 of 57 7.3.10.8. SESSION 5: LONG BRIEFING 5 TAXYING Objectives: Pre-Taxiing Checks Starting, Control of Speed and Stopping Engine Handling Control of Direction and Turning (including manoeuvring in confined spaces) Parking Area Procedures and Precautions Effects of Wind and Use of Flying Controls Effects of Ground Surface Freedom of Rudder Movement Marshalling Signals Instrument Checks Airmanship and Air Traffic Control Procedures Common Errors EMERGENCIES Steering Failure/Brake Failure AIR EXERCISE 5 TAXYING Pre Taxiing Checks Starting, Control of Speed and Stopping Engine Handling Control of Direction and Turning Turning in Confined Spaces Parking Area Procedures and Precautions Effects of Wind and Use of Flying Control Effects of Ground Surface Freedom of Rudder Movement Marshalling Signals Instrument Checks Airmanship and Air Traffic Control Procedures EMERGENCIES Steering Failure/Brake Failure --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 34 of 57 7.3.10.9. SESSION 6: LONG BRIEFING 6 STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT Objectives: The Forces Longitudinal Stability and Control in Pitch Relationship of C of G to Control in Pitch Lateral and Directional Stability (Control of Lateral Level and Balance) Attitude and Balance Control Trimming Power Settings and Airspeeds Drag and Power Curves Range and Endurance Airmanship Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 6 STRAIGHT AND LEVEL At normal Cruising Power: Attaining and Maintaining Straight and Level Flight Demonstration of Inherent Stability Control in Pitch, including use of Elevator Trim control Lateral Level, Direction and Balance, use of Rudder Trim controls as applicable At Selected Airspeeds (Use of Power): Effect of Drag and use of Power (Two Airspeeds for one Power Setting) Straight and Level in Different Aeroplane Configurations (Flaps, Landing Gear) Use of Instruments to achieve Precision Flight Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 35 of 57 7.3.10.10. SESSION 7: LONG BRIEFING 7 CLIMBING Objectives: The Forces Relationship between Power/Airspeed and Rate of Climb (Power Curves Maximum Rate of Climb (Vy)) Effect of Mass Effect of Flaps Engine Considerations Effect of density Altitude The Cruise Climb Maximum Angle of Climb (Vx) Airmanship Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 7 CLIMBING Entry and maintaining the normal Maximum Rate Climb Levelling Off Levelling Off at Selected Altitudes Climbing with Flaps down Recovery to normal Climb En Route Climb (Cruise Climb) Maximum Angle of Climb Use of Instruments to achieve Precision Flight Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 36 of 57 7.3.10.11. SESSION 8: LONG BRIEFING 8 DESCENDING Objectives: The Forces Glide Descent Angle Airspeed Rate of Descent Effect of Flaps Effect of Wind Effect of Mass Engine Considerations Power Assisted Descent Power/Airspeed Rate of Descent The Cruise Descent The Sideslip Airmanship Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 8 DESCENDING Entry and maintaining the Glide Levelling Off Levelling Off at Selected Altitudes Descending with Flaps down Powered Descent Cruise Descent (inc. effect of Power/Airspeed) Side slipping (on suitable types) Use of Instrument to achieve Precision Flight Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 37 of 57 7.3.10.12. SESSION 9: LONG BRIEFING 9 TURNING Objectives: The Forces Use of Controls Use of Power Maintenance of Attitude and Balance Medium Level Turns Climbing and Descending Turns Slipping Turns Turning onto Selected Headings Use of Gyro Heading Indicator and Magnetic Compass Airmanship Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 9 TURNING Entry and maintaining Medium Level Turns Resuming straight flight Faults in the Turn (incorrect Pitch, Bank, Balance) Climbing Turns Descending Turns Slipping Turns (on suitable types) Turns to Selected Headings, use of Gyro Heading Indicator and Compass Use of Instruments to achieve Precision flight Airmanship Note: STALL/SPIN AWARENESS & AVOIDANCE TRAINING CONSISTS OF EXERCISES 10 A, 10 B and 11 A --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 38 of 57 7.3.10.13. SESSION 10: LONG BRIEFING 10 A SLOW FLIGHT Objectives Aeroplane Handling Characteristics during Slow Flight at Vs1 & Vs0 + 10 knots Vs1 & Vs0 + 5 knots Slow Flight During Instructor Induced Distractions Effect of overshooting in configurations where application of engine power causes a strong nose-up trim change Airmanship Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 10 A SLOW FLIGHT Airmanship Safety Checks Introduction to Slow Flight Controlled Slow Flight in the Clean Configuration at: Vs1 + 10 knots & with Flaps Down Vso + 10 knots: Straight & Level Flight Level Turns Climbing & Descending Climbing & Descending Turns Controlled Slow Flight in the Clean Configuration at: Vs1 + 5 knots & with Flaps Down Vso + 5 knots: Straight & Level Flight Level Turns Climbing & Descending Climbing & Descending Turns Descending Unbalanced Turns at Low Airspeed the need to maintain Balanced Flight Instructor Induced Distractions during Flight at Low Airspeed the need to Maintain Balanced Flight and a safe Airspeed Effect of going around in configurations where application of engine power causes a strong nose up trim change --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 39 of 57 7.3.10.14. SESSION 11: LONG BRIEFING 10 B STALLING Objectives: Characteristics of the Stall Angle of Attack The Effectiveness of the Controls at the Stall Factors Affecting the Stalling Speed: Effect of Flaps/Slats/Slots Effect of Power/Mass/C of G/Load Factor The Effects of Unbalance at the Stall The Symptoms of the Stall Stall Recognition & Recovery Stalling & Recovery: Without Power With Power On With Flaps Down Maximum Power Climb (straight & turning flight to the point of Stall with uncompensated Yaw) Stalling & Recovery during manoeuvres involving more than 1 G (accelerated stalls, including secondary stalls & recoveries) Recovering from Incipient Stalls in the landing and other configurations and conditions Recovering at the Incipient Stage during Change of Configuration Stalling and Recovery at the Incipient Stage with Instructor Induced Distractions Airmanship Common Errors * Consideration is to be given to manoeuvre limitations and references to The Owners/Flight manual or Pilot s Operating Handbook must also be made in relation to Mass and Balance limitations. These factors must also be covered in the next exercise Spinning. AIR EXERCISE 10 B STALLING Airmanship Safety checks The symptoms of the Stall Stall Recognition & Recovery Recovery Without Power Recovery With Power Recovery when a Wing Drops at the Stall Stalling with Power ON & Recovery Stalling with Flap Down & Recovery Maximum Power Climb (straight & turning flight) to the point of Stall with uncompensated YAW - Effect of unbalance at the stall when climbing power is being used. Stalling & Recovery during Manoeuvres involving more than 1 G (accelerated stalls, including secondary stalls & recoveries) Recoveries from Incipient Stalls in the landing and other configurations & conditions Recoveries at the Incipient Stage during change of Configuration Instructor Induced Distractions during Stalling Consideration of manoeuvre limitations and the need to refer to the Aeroplane Manual and Weight (mass) & Balance calculations. These factors are to be covered in the next exercise Spinning. --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 40 of 57 7.3.10.15. SESSION 12: LONG BRIEFING 11 A SPIN RECOVERY at the INCIPIENT STAGE Objectives: Causes, Stages, Autorotation and Characteristics of the Spin Recognition and Recovery at the Incipient Stage entered from various flight attitudes Aeroplane Limitations Airmanship Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 11 A SPIN RECOVERY at the INCIPIENT STAGE Aeroplane Limitations Airmanship Safety Checks Recognition at the Incipient Stage of a Spin Recoveries from Incipient Spins entered from various attitudes with the Aeroplane in the Clean Configuration including instructor induced distractions. --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 41 of 57 7.3.10.16. SESSION 13: LONG BRIEFING 11 B SPIN RECOVERY at the DEVELOPED STAGE Objectives: The Spin Entry Recognition & Identification of Spin Direction The Spin Recovery Use of Controls Effects of Power/Flaps (flap restriction applicable to type) Effect of the C of G upon Spinning characteristics Spinning from Various Flight Attitudes Aeroplane Limitations Airmanship Safety Checks Common Errors during Recovery AIR EXERCISE 11 B SPIN RECOVERY at the DEVELOPED STAGE Aeroplane Limitations Airmanship Safety Checks The Spin Entry Recognition & Identification of the Spin Direction The Spin Recovery (reference to Flight Manual) Use of Controls Effects of Power/Flaps Spinning & Recovery from various Flight Attitudes (restrictions applicable to aeroplane type) --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 42 of 57 7.3.10.17. SESSION 14: LONG BRIEFING 12 TAKE-OFF AND CLIMB TO DOWNWIND POSITION Objectives: Handling Factors affecting the length of Take-off Run and Initial Climb The Correct Lift Off Speed, use of Elevators (Safeguarding the Nose Wheel), Rudder and Power Effect of Wind (including Crosswind Component) Effect of Flaps (including the Decision to Use and the Amount Permitted) Effect of Ground Surface and Gradient upon the Take-off Run Effect of Mass, Altitude and Temperature on Take-off and climb Performance Pre Take-Off Checks Air Traffic Control Procedure (before Take-Off) Drills, during and after Take-off Noise abatement procedures Tail Wheel Considerations (as applicable) Short/Soft Field Take-Off Considerations/Procedures EMERGENCIES: Aborted Take-Off Engine Failure after Take-Off Airmanship and Air Traffic Control Procedures Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 12 TAKE-OFF AND CLIMB TO DOWNWIND POSITION Pre Take-Off Checks Into Wind Take-Off Safeguarding the Nose Wheel Crosswind Take-Off Drills During and After Take-Off Short Take-Off and Soft Field Procedure/Techniques (including Performance Calculations) Noise abatement procedures Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 43 of 57 7.3.10.18. SESSION 15: LONG BRIEFING 13 THE CIRCUIT APPROACH AND LANDING Objectives: The Downwind Leg, Base Leg, Approach Position and Drills Factors Affecting the Final Approach and the Landing Run Effect of Mass Effects of Altitude and Temperature Effect of Wind Effect of Flap The Landing Effect of Ground Surface and Gradient upon the Landing Run Types of Approach and Landing: Powered Crosswind Flapless (at an appropriate stage of the course) Glide Short Field Soft Field Tail Wheel Aeroplane Considerations (as applicable) Missed Approach Engine Handling Wake Turbulence Awareness Windshear Awareness Airmanship and Air Traffic Control Procedures Mislanding/Go around Special emphasis on lookout Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 13 THE CIRCUIT APPROACH AND LANDING Circuit Procedures Downwind, Base Leg Powered Approach and Landing Safeguarding the Nose wheel Effect of Wind on Approach and Touchdown Speeds and use of Flaps Crosswind Approach and Landing Glide Approach and Landing Flapless Approach and Landing (short and soft field) Short field and soft field procedures Wheel Landing (Tail Wheel Aircraft) Missed Approach/Go around Mislanding/Go around Noise abatement procedures Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 44 of 57 7.3.10.19. SESSION 16: LONG BRIEFING 14 FIRST SOLO AND CONSOLIDATION A summary of points to be covered before sending the student on first solo. NOTE: During the flights immediately following the solo circuit consolidation period the following should be covered: Procedures for Leaving and Rejoining the Circuit The Local Area (Restrictions, Controlled Airspace, etc.) Compass Turns QDM Meaning and Use Airmanship Common Errors AIR EXERCISE 14 FIRST SOLO AND CONSOLIDATION During the flights immediately following the solo circuit consolidation period the following should be covered: Procedures for Leaving and Rejoining the Circuit The Local Area (Restrictions, Controlled Airspace, etc.) Compass Turns Obtaining QDM s Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 45 of 57 7.3.10.20. SESSION 17: LONG BRIEFING 15 ADVANCED TURNING Objectives: The Forces Use of Power Effect of Load Factor: Structural Considerations Increased Stalling Speed Physiological Effects Rate and Radius of Turn Steep, Level, Descending and Climbing Turns Stalling in the Turn *Spinning from the Turn Recovery at the Incipient Stage *The Spiral Dive Airmanship Unusual Attitudes and Recoveries Common Errors *Considerations are to be given to manoeuvre limitations and reference to The Owner s/flight Manual/Pilot s Operating Handbook must be made in relation to Mass and Balance, and any other restrictions for Practice Entries to the Spin. AIR EXERCISE 15 ADVANCED TURNING Level, Descending and Climbing Steep Turns Stalling in the Turn The Spiral Dive Spinning from the Turn Recovery from Unusual Attitudes Maximum Rate Turns Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 46 of 57 7.3.10.21. SESSION 18: LONG BRIEFING 16 FORCED LANDING WITHOUT POWER Objectives: Selection of forced landing areas Provision for change of plan Gliding distance consideration Planning the descent Key positions Engine failure checks Use of radio R/T Distress Procedure The base leg The final approach Go around The landing considerations Actions after landing Aeroplane security Causes of engine failure Airmanship Common errors AIR EXERCISE 16 FORCED LANDING WITHOUT POWER Forced Landing Procedures Selection of Landing Area: Provision for Change of Plan Gliding Distance Considerations Planning the descent: Key Positions Engine Failure Checks Engine cooling precautions Use of Radio The Base Leg The Final Approach The Landing When the Exercise is Actions after Landing: conducted at an Aeroplane Security Aerodrome Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 47 of 57 7.3.10.22. SESSION 19: LONG BRIEFING 17 PRECAUTIONARY LANDING Objectives: Occasions when necessary (In Flight Conditions): Landing area Selection and Communication (R/T Procedure) Overhead Inspection Simulated Approach Climb Away Landing at a Normal Aerodrome Landing at a Disused Aerodrome Landing on an Ordinary Field Circuit and Approach Actions After Landing: Aeroplane Security Airmanship Common errors AIR EXERCISE 17 PRECAUTIONARY LANDING Occasions when necessary (In Flight Conditions): Landing area selection Overhead Inspection Simulated Approach Climb Away Landing at a Normal Aerodrome Landing at a Disused Aerodrome Landing on an Ordinary Field Circuit and Approach Actions After Landing: Aeroplane Security Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 48 of 57 7.3.10.23. SESSION 20: LONG BRIEFING 18A PILOT NAVIGATION Flight Planning Objectives: Weather Forecast and Actual(s) Map Selection and Preparation: Choice of Route: Regulated/Controlled Airspace Danger, Prohibited and Restricted Areas Safety Altitude Calculations: Magnetic Heading(s) and Time(s) enroute Fuel Consumption Mass and Balance Mass and Performance Flight Information: NOTAMs etc. Noting of Required Radio Frequencies Selection of Alternate aerodrome(s) Aircraft Documentation Notification of the Flight: Booking Out Procedure Flight Plans Aerodrome Departure Organisation of Cockpit Workload Departure Procedures: Altimeter Settings Setting Heading Procedures Noting of ETA(s) En-Route: Map reading identification of ground features Maintenance of Altitudes and Headings Revisions to ETA and Heading, wind effect, drift angle and groundspeed checks. Log Keeping Use of Radio (including VDF if applicable) Minimum Weather Conditions for Continuance of Flight In Flight Decisions, diversion procedures Operations in Regulated/Controlled Airspace Procedures for Entry, Transit and Departure Navigation at Minimum Level Uncertainty of Position Procedure Including R/T Lost Procedure Procedure Use of Radio Navaids Arrival Procedures Aerodrome Circuit Joining Procedures: Altimeter Setting, ATC Liaison, R/T Procedure, etc. Entering the Traffic Pattern (controlled/uncontrolled aerodromes) Circuit Procedures Parking Procedures
Page 49 of 57 Security of Aeroplane Refuelling and Booking In AIR EXERCISE 18A PILOT NAVIGATION Flight Planning: Weather Forecast and Actual(s) Map Selection and Preparation: Choice of Route Regulated/Controlled Airspace Danger, Prohibited and Restricted Areas Safety Altitude Calculations: Magnetic Heading(s) and Time(s) En-Route Fuel Consumption Mass and Balance Mass and Performance Flight Information: NOTAMs etc. Noting of Required Radio Frequencies Selection of Alternate Aerodromes Aeroplane Documentation Notification of the flight Flight clearance procedures (as applicable) Flight Plans AERODROME DEPARTURE Organisation of Cockpit Workload Departure Procedures: Altimeter Settings En-route: Noting of ETA(s) Wind effect, drift angle, ground speed checks Maintenance of Altitudes and Headings Revisions to ETA and Heading Log Keeping Use of Radio (including VDF if applicable) Minimum Weather Conditions for Continuance of Flight In Flight Decisions Diversion Procedure Operations in Regulated/Controlled Airspace Procedures for Entry, Transit and Departure Uncertainty of Position Procedure Lost Procedure Use of Radio Navaids Arrival Procedures: Aerodrome Joining Procedures: Altimeter Setting, ATC Liaison, etc. Entering the Traffic Pattern Circuit Procedures Parking Procedures Security of Aircraft Refuelling Booking In
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Page 51 of 57 7.3.10.24. SESSION 21: LONG BRIEFING 18B NAVIGATION AT LOWER LEVELS/REDUCED VISIBILITY Objectives: General Considerations: Planning Requirements Prior to Flight in Entry/Exit Lanes ATC Rules, Pilot Qualifications and Aircraft Equipment Entry/Exit Lanes and Areas where Specific Local Rules Apply Low Level Familiarisation: Actions Prior to Descending Visual Impressions and Height Keeping at Low Altitude Effects of Speed and Inertia During Turns Effects of Wind and Turbulence Low Level Operation: Weather Considerations Low Cloud and Good Visibility Low Cloud and Poor Visibility Avoidance of Moderate to Heavy Rain Showers Effects of Precipitation Joining a Circuit Bad Weather Circuit, Approach and Landing Airmanship AIR EXERCISE 18B NAVIGATION AT LOWER LEVELS Low Level Familiarisation: Entry/Exit Lanes and Areas Where Specific Local Rules Apply Actions Prior to Descending Visual Impressions and Height Keeping at Low Altitude Effects of Speed and Inertia During Turns Effects of Wind and Turbulence Hazards of operating at low levels Low Level Operation: Weather Considerations Low Cloud and Good Visibility Low Cloud and Poor Visibility Avoidance of Moderate to Heavy Rain Showers Effects of Precipitation (forward visibility) Joining a Circuit Bad Weather Circuit, Approach and Landing Airmanship --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 52 of 57 7.3.10.25. SESSION 22: LONG BRIEFINGS 18C USE OF RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS UNDER VFR Objectives: a. use of VHF omni range availability of VOR stations, AIP signal reception range selection and identification radials and method of numbering use of omni bearing selector (OBS) To From indication and station passage selection, interception and maintaining a radial use of two stations to determine position b. use of automatic direction finding equipment (ADF) availability of NDB stations, AIP signal reception range selection and identification orientation in relation to NDB homing to an NDB c. use of VHF direction finding (VHF/DF) availability, AIP R/T procedures obtaining QDMs and QTEs d. use of radar facilities availability and provision of service, AIS types of service R/T procedures and use of transponder mode selection emergency codes e. Use of Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) availability, AIP operating modes slant range f. Use of Aero Navigation systems, satellite navigation systems (RNAV SATNAV) availability operating modes limitations AIR EXERCISE 18C RADIO NAVIGATION a. Use of VHF Omni Range availability, AIP, frequencies selection and identification omni bearing selector (OBS) to/from indications, orientation course deviation indicator (CDI)
Page 53 of 57 determination of radial intercepting and maintaining a radial VOR passage obtaining a fix from two VORs b. Use of automatic direction finding equipment (ADF) non-directional beacons (NDBs) availability, AIP, frequencies selection and identification orientation relative to the beacon homing c. Use of VHF direction finding (VHF/DF) availability, AIP, frequencies R/T procedures and ATC liaison obtaining a QDM and homing d. Use of en-route/terminal radar availability, AIP procedures and ATC liaison pilot s responsibilities secondary surveillance radar transponders code selection interrogation and reply e. Use of distance measuring equipment (DME) station selection and identification modes of operation f. Use of Aero Navigation systems, satellite navigation systems (RNAV_SATNAV) setting up operation interpretation --------------------------------------------------------------END-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 54 of 57 7.3.10.26. SESSION 23: LONG BRIEFING 19 INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUMENT FLYING Objectives: Flight Instruments Physiological Considerations Instrument Appreciation Attitude Instrument Flight Pitch Indications Bank Indications Different Dial Presentations Introduction to the Use of the Attitude Indicator Pitch Attitude Bank Attitude Maintenance of Heading and Balanced flight Instrument Limitations (inc. System Failures) ATTITUDE, POWER & PERFORMANCE Attitude Instrument Flight: Control Instruments Performance Instruments Effect of Changing Power and configuration Cross Checking the Instrument Indications Instrument Interpretation Direct and Indirect Indications (Performance Instruments) Instrument Lag Selective Radial Scan THE BASIC FLIGHT MANOEUVRES (FULL PANEL) Straight and Level Flight at Various Airspeeds and Aeroplane Configurations Climbing Descending Standard Rate Turns o Level o Climbing Onto Pre-Selected Headings o Descending AIR EXERCISE 19 INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUMENT FLYING Physiological Sensations Instrument Appreciation Attitude Instrument Flight Pitch Attitude Bank Attitude Maintenance of Heading and Balanced Flight Attitude Instrument Flight Effect of Changing Power and configuration Cross Checking the Instruments Selective Radial Scan