From: OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2014 Access the complete publication at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/tour-2014-en Chile Please cite this chapter as: OECD (2014), Chile, in OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2014, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/tour-2014-12-en
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Chile Tourism in the economy Tourism is Chile s fourth-largest export industry after mining, fruit, and pulp and paper. International tourism receipts reached USD 2.6 billion in 2012, representing 20% of total service exports. They have grown strongly in recent years: by an average of 6.1% a year between 2004 and 2010, by 14% in 2011 and by 17% in 2012. It is estimated that, in 2010, tourism accounted for 3.5% of GDP more than industries such as farming, food, and electricity, gas and water. The National Tourism Strategy has set a target of raising tourism s contribution to GDP to 6% by 2020. Tourism organisation and governance Tourism comes under the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism (Figure 1). In 2010, the post of Undersecretary of Tourism was established to act as the direct link between the minister and the National Tourism Service (SERNATUR). This strengthened the position of tourism within the government and established a clear definition of responsibilities, with the Undersecretary of Tourism in charge of national tourism strategies and policies, and SERNATUR in charge of their implementation. The Undersecretary also has a responsibility for monitoring SERNATUR s performance. Figure 1. Chile: Organisational chart of tourism bodies STRATEGIES Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism Undersecretary of Tourism Ministerial Committee on Tourism EXECUTION National Tourism Service (SERNATUR) Consultative Council for Tourism Development Source: OECD, adapted from the National Tourism Service (SERNATUR), 2014. In addition, a Ministerial Committee was created to ensure good co-ordination and to improve efficiency within government. This committee is composed of representatives from seven ministries: Economy, Development and Tourism; Culture; Infrastructure; Agriculture; National Assets; Housing and Urban Development and Environment. 139
SERNATUR has a regional office in each of the 15 states of Chile. The Regional Tourism Directors interact with the state governors and local authorities. It should be noted that SERNATUR is a decentralised service. There are also mirror committees of the Ministerial Committee in each state. The Consultative Council for Tourism Development, renewed annually, consists of representatives from seven industry associations and seven government organisations. There are also statutory public advisory councils involving private industry and consumers. Tourism budgets The central government budget for tourism is divided into two parts the first is the budget of the Undersecretary of Tourism, for administrative purposes, and the second is for the operations of SERNATUR. For 2013, the budget for the Undersecretary of Tourism was USD 500 000, and the budget for SERNATUR is USD 42 million. In addition, the state governments have allocated approximately USD 20 million to tourism. Tourism-related policies and programmes The major reform in recent years was the implementation of the new institutional framework defined by the Tourism Law No. 20.423, promulgated in 2010. This law is intended, among other things, to improve the transparency and quality of tourism services for consumers, to establish priority areas for the development of tourism, to establish a model for tourism concessions in national parks, and to establish a model for public-private promotion. The National Tourism Strategy 2012-20 was launched in 2012. This provides for 46 different lines of action over the eight years in five strategic areas (Box 1). 140
Box 1. Chile s National Tourism Strategy 2012-20 The strategy provides a long term vision and constitutes a roadmap for all public and private stakeholders to meet the challenges linked to tourism development. The Strategy is based upon five pillars: Promotion, Sustainability, Investment and Competitiveness, Quality and Human Capital and Market Intelligence. The implementation of the Strategy provides great challenges to the country to improve its competitiveness. Nationally, the most important needs are: Increasing effectiveness in promotion in order to improve the positioning of Chile both internally and abroad. Incorporating sustainable practices in the tourism industry with a focus on protecting the environment and cultural heritage and encouraging community participation, in order to maintain and enhance tourist attractions in a responsible manner. Increasing incentives for entrepreneurship to encourage investment in the sector, creating new jobs, developing new products and destinations. Ensuring quality training for tourist services focused on human capital and ensuring the existence of the necessary public infrastructure. Improving inter-ministerial co-ordination to ensure the harmonious development of tourism throughout the country and promotion of public policies that improve conditions within this area. The strategy aims to achieve the maximum value that tourism can provide to the country within a framework of sustainable development, and in order to acheive these objectives, the strategy contains 46 points of action. For more information, www.sernatur.cl. Statistical profile Table 1. Chile: Domestic tourism Unit 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total domestic trips.......... Overnight visitors (tourists) Thousand...... 20 740.. Same-day visitors (excursionists).......... Trips by main purpose of visit Business and professional.......... Holiday, leisure and recreation.......... Nights in all means of accommodation Thousand...... 132 883.. Hotels and similar establishments.......... Other collective establishments.......... Domestic travel receipts Million USD...... 3 844.. 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932986226 141
1. Includes overnight and same-day visitor receipts. Table 2. Chile: Inbound tourism Unit 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total international arrivals.......... Overnight visitors (tourists) Thousand 2 710 2 760 2 801 3 137 3 554 Same-day visitors (excursionists).......... Top markets Argentina Thousand 864 997 1 001 1 119 1 378 Brazil Thousand 253 209 229 325 374 Bolivia Thousand 308 309 307 321 356 Peru Thousand 252 270 309 339 338 United States Thousand 169 163 143 152 158 Nights in all means of accommodation.......... Hotels and similar establishments.......... Other collective establishments.......... Total international receipts 1 Million USD 2 030 p 1 978 p 2 040 p 2 316 p 2 559 p International travel receipts 1 Million USD 1 657 p 1 604 p 1 608 p 1 875 p 2 139 p International passenger transport receipts Million USD 374 p 374 p 432 p 441 p 421 p 1. Includes overnight and same-day visitor expenditure. Table 3. Chile: Outbound tourism Table 4. Chile: Enterprises in tourism Number of enterprises 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932986245 Unit 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total international departures.......... Overnight visitors (tourists) Thousand 1 900 1 909 2 219 2 638 2 837 Same-day visitors (excursionists).......... Total international expenditure 1 Million USD 1 347 1 417 1 776 2 133 2 253 International travel expenditure 1 Million USD 983 1 167 1 301 1 651 1 821 International passenger transport expenditure Million USD 364 249 474 482 432 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932986264 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total tourism enterprises 37 399 38 866 39 889 41 693 43 149 Tourism industries.......... Accommodation services for visitors.......... Hotels and similar establishments 1 7 684 8 093 8 367 8 866 9 621 Food and beverage serving industry 2 21 643 22 268 22 755 23 583 23 950 Passenger transport 3 2 476 2 660 2 823 3 094 3 345 Air passenger transport 182 174 174 188 182 Railways passenger transport 45 48 47 35 28 Road passenger transport 1 968 2 137 2 298 2 577 2 834 Water passenger transport 281 301 304 294 301 Passenger transport supporting services.......... Transport equipment rental.......... Travel agencies and other reservation services industry 1 254 1 291 1 317 1 357 1 394 Cultural industry 66 66 79 79 72 Sports and recreation industry.......... Retail trade of country-specific tourism characteristic goods 4 251 4 466 4 525 4 688 4 745 Other country-specific tourism industries 4 25 22 23 26 22 Other industries.......... 1. Includes campsites. 2. Includes restaurants and fast food establishments (bars, pubs, pizza restaurants, ice cream restaurants, etc.). 3. Includes air, ground and sea transport. 4. Includes car rentals, museums, art galeries, casinos and sale of handicraft. Source: Internal Revenue Service. 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932986283 142
Table 5. Chile: Employment in tourism Number of employees 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total tourism employment (direct) 260 480 273 474 294 861 314 313 348 314 Tourism industries.......... Accommodation services for visitors.......... Hotels and similar establishments 1 54 566 57 919 57 942 67 811 75 233 Food and beverage serving industry 2 124 028 123 007 136 400 146 225 153 835 Passenger transport 3 37 334 35 893 39 440 40 829 50 808 Air passenger transport 13 523 12 449 14 152 16 008 17 070 Railways passenger transport 3 938 3 646 3 542 2 779 2 335 Road passenger transport 14 752 15 364 17 292 17 724 26 743 Water passenger transport 5 121 4 434 4 454 4 318 4 660 Passenger transport supporting services.......... Transport equipment rental 13 001 17 969 20 023 18 839 22 177 Travel agencies and other reservation services industry 8 548 7 701 7 991 8 293 7 987 Cultural industry 769 880 1 083 1 188 1 052 Sports and recreation industry.......... Retail trade of country-specific tourism characteristic goods 1 959 2 049 2 031 2 269 3 340 Other country-specific tourism industries 4 20 275 28 056 29 951 28 859 33 882 Other industries.......... Gender breakdown Male (% of total tourism employment)...... 53.. Female (% of total tourism employment)...... 47.. 1. Includes campsites. 2. Includes restaurants and fast food establishments (bars, pubs, pizza restaurants, ice cream restaurants, etc.). 3. Includes air, ground and sea transport. 4. Includes car rentals, museums, art galeries, casinos and sale of handicraft. Source: Internal Revenue Service. 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932986302 Table 6. Chile: Key economic indicators Percentage 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Tourism GDP (direct) as % of total GDP 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 Total tourism employment (direct) as % of total employment 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.2 1 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932986321 For more information Consumer website SERNATUR Subsecretaría de Turismo www.chile.travel www.sernatur.cl www.subturismo.gob.cl 143