An Unsteady Course: Growth and Challenges in Africa s Air Transport Industry

BACKGROUND PAPER 16 An Unsteady Course: Growth and Challenges in Africa s Air Transport Industry COUNTRY ANNEX Heinrich C. Bofinger JULY 29

29 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 2433 USA Telephone: 22-473-1 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved A publication of the World Bank. The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 2433 USA The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of endilicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 1923 USA; telephone: 978-75-84; fax: 978-75-447; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 2433 USA; fax: 22-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.

About AICD This study is a product of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project designed to expand the world s knowledge of physical infrastructure in Africa. AICD will provide a baseline against which future improvements in infrastructure services can be measured, making it possible to monitor the results achieved from donor support. It should also provide a better empirical foundation for prioritizing investments and designing policy reforms in Africa s infrastructure sectors. AICD is based on an unprecedented effort to collect detailed economic and technical data on African infrastructure. The project has produced a series of reports (such as this one) on public expenditure, spending needs, and sector performance in each of the main infrastructure sectors energy, information and communication technologies, irrigation, transport, and water and sanitation. Africa s Infrastructure A Time for Transformation, published by the World Bank in November 29, synthesizes the most significant findings of those reports. AICD was commissioned by the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa after the 25 G-8 summit at Gleneagles, which recognized the importance of scaling up donor finance for infrastructure in support of Africa s development. The first phase of AICD focused on 24 countries that together account for 85 percent of the gross domestic product, population, and infrastructure aid flows of Sub-Saharan Africa. The countries are: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Under a second phase of the project, coverage is expanding to include as many other African countries as possible. Consistent with the genesis of the project, the main focus is on the 48 countries south of the Sahara that face the most severe infrastructure

challenges. Some components of the study also cover North African countries so as to provide a broader point of reference. Unless otherwise stated, therefore, the term Africa will be used throughout this report as a shorthand for Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Bank is implementing AICD with the guidance of a steering committee that represents the African Union, the New Partnership for Africa s Development (NEPAD), Africa s regional economic communities, the African Development Bank, the Development Bank of Southern Africa, and major infrastructure donors. Financing for AICD is provided by a multidonor trust fund to which the main contributors are the U.K. s Department for International Development, the Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Agence Française de Développement, the European Commission, and Germany s KfW Entwicklungsbank. The Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program and the Water and Sanitation Program provided technical support on data collection and analysis pertaining to their respective sectors. A group of distinguished peer reviewers from policy-making and academic circles in Africa and beyond reviewed all of the major outputs of the study to ensure the technical quality of the work. The data underlying AICD s reports, as well as the reports themselves, are available to the public through an interactive Web site, www.infrastructureafrica.org, that allows users to download customized data reports and perform various simulations. Inquiries concerning the availability of data sets should be directed to the editors at the World Bank in Washington, DC.

Algeria Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. 5 % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Weak State Owned 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 2 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 29 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 14,, 12,, Annual Estimated Seats - All 1,, 8,, Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic 6,, 4,, Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental 2,, 21 24 27 Annual Estimated Seats - International 8) City Pairs Served: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Domestic City Pairs Served International City Pairs Served 2 1 21 24 27-1 - Algeria Algeria

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 59% 16% 25% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 1% 2% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 97% 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-2 - Algeria Algeria

4% % 31% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large 65% Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 3% % 27% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 7% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 3 - Algeria Algeria

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 3 29 28 27 26 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser 25 24 23 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 18 16 14 12 1 8 Airlines 6 4 2 21 24 27-4 - Algeria Algeria

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air Algerie 6,518,33 7,321,2 7,417,93 71.91% Aigle Azur 79,791 1,279,538 12.4% Air France 36,36 523,38 5.7% Alitalia 73,866 153,972 25,296 1.99% Turkish Airlines, Inc. 59,93 9,298 118,118 1.14% Tunisair 73,8 94,536 114,54 1.11% British Airways P.L.C. 5,388 95,394.92% Hahn Air Line 95,368.92% Royal Air Maroc 22,646 53,898 95,264.92% Qatar Airways (W.L.L.) 93,392.91% Saudi Arabian Airlines 42,822 3,862 57,876.56% Egyptair 35,96 41,392 57,96.55% Deutsche Lufthansa AG 54,86.53% Iberia 37,284.36% Spanair, S.A. 31,226.3% Syrian Arab Airlines 32,448 31,616 24,24.23% Jamahirya Libyan Arab Airlines 17,68 16,588 15,6.15% Air Littoral 26, Bravo Air Congo 5,71,352 Ecoair International 574,8 Antinea Airlines 193,31 Balkan 7,124-5 - Algeria Algeria

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at ALG in Algiers: 2,5 2, Estimated Seats 1,5 1, 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 5 3 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) 15) Known PPP Transactions: Year of Project Name Financial Closure Location Type of PPI % Private Houari Boumedienne Airport 26 Algiers Management and lease contract Source: PPIAF Duration in Years 1.% 4-6 - Algeria Algeria

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.32 Air Algerie 3,75,46 51.5% Aigle Azur 1,279,538 21.4% Air France 523,38 8.8% Alitalia 25,296 3.4% Turkish Airlines, Inc. 118,118 2.% Tunisair 114,54 1.9% British Airways P.L.C. 95,394 1.6% Hahn Air Line 95,368 1.6% Royal Air Maroc 95,264 1.6% Qatar Airways (W.L.L.) 93,392 1.6% Saudi Arabian Airlines 57,876 1.% Egyptair57,96 1.% Deutsche Lufthansa AG 54,86.9% Iberia 37,284.6% Spanair, S.A. 31,226.5% Syrian Arab Airlines 24,24.4% Jamahirya Libyan Arab Airlines 15,6.3% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. 17) Airlines with Domestic Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services: 1. Air Algerie 4,342,884 1.% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. - 7 - Algeria Algeria

Angola Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Weak State Owned 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 2 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 24 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 2,5, 2,, Annual Estimated Seats - All 1,5, Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic 1,, 5, 21 24 27 Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental Annual Estimated Seats - International 8) City Pairs Served: 25 2 15 Domestic City Pairs Served 1 International City Pairs Served 5 21 24 27-8 - Angola Angola

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 67% 19% 14% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 6% % 4% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-9 - Angola Angola

8% % 1% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 91% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 % % 14% 86% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 1 - Angola Angola

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 14 12 1 8 6 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser 4 2 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 12.2 12 11.8 11.6 11.4 11.2 Airlines 11 1.8 1.6 1.4 21 24 27-11 - Angola Angola

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air Namibia 11,128 831,64 1,53,14 46.35% TAAG Angola Airlines 484,952 511,68 743,8 32.7% TAP 77,324 86,736 18,7 7.95% South African Airways 1,932 11,66 118,872 5.23% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 21,879 1,329 83,44 3.65% Air France 56,16 28,8 32,24 1.42% British Airways P.L.C. 25,688 25,168 1.11% Hainan Airlines Company Limited 1,92.48% SN Brussels Airlines 11,98 2,288 9,152.4% Star Equatorial Airlines 6,344.28% Air Zimbabwe (PVT) Ltd. 2,73 6,143.27% Aeroflot Russian Airlines 1,296 6,864 3,46.15% Air Gabon 24,466 2,354 Birdy Airlines S.A. 6,864 Aero-Service 16,224 2,88-12 - Angola Angola

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at LAD in Luanda: 1, 8 Estimated Seats 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 5 3 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 13 - Angola Angola

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.29 TAAG Angola Airlines 521,4 48.6% TAP 18,7 16.8% South African Airways 118,872 11.1% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 83,44 7.7% Air Namibia 76,128 7.1% Air France 32,24 3.% British Airways P.L.C. 25,168 2.3% Hainan Airlines Company Limited 1,92 1.% SN Brussels Airlines 9,152.9% Star Equatorial Airlines 6,344.6% Air Zimbabwe (PVT) Ltd. 6,143.6% Aeroflot Russian Airlines 3,46.3% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. 17) Airlines with Domestic Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services:.7 Air Namibia 976,976 81.5% TAAG Angola Airlines 222,4 18.5% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. - 14 - Angola Angola

Benin Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Private 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 7 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 7 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 7, 6, 5, Annual Estimated Seats - All 4, 3, Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental 2, 1, Annual Estimated Seats - International 21 24 27 8) City Pairs Served: 25 2 15 International City Pairs Served 1 5 21 24 27-15 - Benin Benin

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 55% 13% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age 32% Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 4% 7% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 89% 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-16 - Benin Benin

42% 2% 2% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large 54% Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 41% 1% % 58% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 17 - Benin Benin

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 1.2 1.8.6.4 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser.2 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 14.5 14 13.5 13 12.5 Airlines 12 11.5 11 21 24 27-18 - Benin Benin

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air France 98,28 1,698 99,268 23.5% Royal Air Maroc 46,59 1.9% Air Senegal International 5,98 24,154 46,2 1.89% Air Mauritanie 2,635 61,36 39,26 9.29% Société Nouvelle Air Ivoire 24,648 35,187 8.33% Afriqiyah Airways 36,83 33,575 7.95% Trans Air Congo (TAC) 32,318 23,54 5.56% Benin Golf Air SA 22,546 5.34% Kenya Airways 21,216 5.2% Air Burkina 1,166 24,817 2,28 4.8% Inter-Aviation Services (Interair South Africa) 21,147 19,899 4.71% Star Equatorial Airlines 6,344 1.5% Antrak 5,343 1.26% Virgin Nigeria (replaces Nigerian Airways) 3,9.92% Cameroon Airlines 4,161 59,592 Air Gabon 33,657 29,94 STA 15,231 Panafrican Airways 5,7 Air Togo S.A. 4,95 Avirex 1,196 Air Afrique 228,973 SN Brussels Airlines 91,338 Zircon Airways Benin, S.A. 33,748 Ghana Airways Corp. 13,14 Teamline Air Luftfahrt GmbH 1,985 Aeroflot Russian Airlines 3,46-19 - Benin Benin

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at COO in Cotonou: Estimated Seats 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 2 - Benin Benin

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.11 Air France 99,268 23.5% Royal Air Maroc 46,59 1.9% Air Senegal International 46,2 1.9% Air Mauritanie 39,26 9.3% Société Nouvelle Air Ivoire 35,187 8.3% Afriqiyah Airways 33,575 7.9% Trans Air Congo (TAC) 23,54 5.6% Benin Golf Air SA 22,546 5.3% Kenya Airways 21,216 5.% Air Burkina 2,28 4.8% Inter-Aviation Services (Interair South Africa) 19,899 4.7% Star Equatorial Airlines 6,344 1.5% Antrak 5,343 1.3% Virgin Nigeria (replaces Nigerian Airways) 3,9.9% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services: - 21 - Benin Benin

Botswana Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Weak State Owned 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 1 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 11 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 8, 7, 6, Annual Estimated Seats - All 5, 4, 3, Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic 2, 1, Annual Estimated Seats - International 21 24 27 8) City Pairs Served: 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 Domestic City Pairs Served International City Pairs Served 3 2 1 21 24 27-22 - Botswana Botswana

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 1% 12% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 87% Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 % % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 1% 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-23 - Botswana Botswana

% % 1% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 % % % 1% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 24 - Botswana Botswana

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser 1.5 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 6 5 4 3 Airlines 2 1 21 24 27-25 - Botswana Botswana

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air Botswana Corporation 459,82 472,316 59,6 75.23% South African Express Airways (Pty) Ltd. 186,55 123,5 18.23% Eastair 39, 5.76% Air Namibia 6,188 5,928 2,964.44% Zambian Airways 2,34.35% South African Airways 93,6 Air Zimbabwe (PVT) Ltd. 1,764-26 - Botswana Botswana

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at GBE in Gaborone: 25 2 Estimated Seats 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 27 - Botswana Botswana

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.47 Air Botswana Corporation 267,94 61.5% South African Express Airways (Pty) Ltd. 123,5 28.3% Eastair 39, 9.% Air Namibia 2,964.7% Zambian Airways 2,34.5% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. 17) Airlines with Domestic Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services: 1. Air Botswana Corporation 241,696 1.% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. - 28 - Botswana Botswana

Burkina Faso Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Private 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 2 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 25 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 45, 4, 35, Annual Estimated Seats - All 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 21 24 27 Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental Annual Estimated Seats - International 8) City Pairs Served: 16 14 12 1 8 6 Domestic City Pairs Served International City Pairs Served 4 2 21 24 27-29 - Burkina Faso Burkina Faso

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 2% 81% 17% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 % 7% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 93% 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-3 - Burkina Faso Burkina Faso

12% 7% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 81% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 % 8% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size 46% 46% Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 31 - Burkina Faso Burkina Faso

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 2.5 2 1.5 1 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser.5 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 8.2 8 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.2 Airlines 7 6.8 6.6 6.4 21 24 27-32 - Burkina Faso Burkina Faso

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air Burkina 77,571 145,189 142,289 34.53% Air France 19,213 18,29 115,375 28.% Royal Air Maroc 48,36 11.74% Afriqiyah Airways 34,866 37,449 9.9% Air Senegal International 5,98 34,866 33,748 8.19% Air Algerie 9,36 15,21 3.69% Société Nouvelle Air Ivoire 28,756 1,92 2.65% Antrak 8,71 2.11% Ghana Airways Corp. 16,16 11,648 Air Afrique 11,582 SN Brussels Airlines 64,35 Zircon Airways Benin, S.A. 8,944-33 - Burkina Faso Burkina Faso

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at OUA in Ouagadougou: 5 4 Estimated Seats 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 34 - Burkina Faso Burkina Faso

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.22 Air Burkina 122,44 31.1% Air France 115,375 29.4% Royal Air Maroc 48,36 12.3% Afriqiyah Airways 37,449 9.6% Air Senegal International 33,748 8.6% Air Algerie 15,21 3.9% Société Nouvelle Air Ivoire 1,92 2.8% Antrak 8,71 2.2% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. 17) Airlines with Domestic Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services: 1. Air Burkina 2,245 1.% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. - 35 - Burkina Faso Burkina Faso

Burundi Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Private 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 1 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 3 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 3, 25, Annual Estimated Seats - All 2, 15, Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental 1, 5, Annual Estimated Seats - International 21 24 27 8) City Pairs Served: 6 5 4 3 International City Pairs Served 2 1 21 24 27-36 - Burundi Burundi

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 47% 15% 38% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 % 13% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 87% 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-37 - Burundi Burundi

9% % % 91% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 65% 6% % 29% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 38 - Burundi Burundi

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 1.2 1.8.6.4 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser.2 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 7 6 5 4 3 Airlines 2 1 21 24 27-39 - Burundi Burundi

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 3,836 38,981 12,24 37.75% Kenya Airways 73,589 67,678 88,188 32.63% Rwandair Express 46,488 17.2% Air Burundi 13,832 13,832 13,832 5.12% African Star Airways (PTY) Ltd. 12,831 4.75% SN Brussels Airlines 6,864 2.54% East African Safari Air 39,52 FlyGlobeSpan 14,586 Airkenya Aviation Ltd. d/b/a Regional Air 6,32 Phuket Airlines Co. Ltd. 4,18-4 - Burundi Burundi

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at BJM in Bujumbura: 3 25 Estimated Seats 2 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 41 - Burundi Burundi

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.28 Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 12,24 37.8% Kenya Airways 88,188 32.6% Rwandair Express 46,488 17.2% Air Burundi 13,832 5.1% African Star Airways (PTY) Ltd. 12,831 4.7% SN Brussels Airlines 6,864 2.5% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services: - 42 - Burundi Burundi

Cameroon Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Weak State Owned 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 3 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 38 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 2,, 1,8, 1,6, Annual Estimated Seats - All 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 21 24 27 Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental Annual Estimated Seats - International 8) City Pairs Served: 35 3 25 2 15 Domestic City Pairs Served International City Pairs Served 1 5 21 24 27-43 - Cameroon Cameroon

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 71% 13% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age 16% Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 % 8% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 92% 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-44 - Cameroon Cameroon

21% 2% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 77% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 2% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size 32% Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 66% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 45 - Cameroon Cameroon

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser 3 2 1 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 18 16 14 12 1 8 Airlines 6 4 2 21 24 27-46 - Cameroon Cameroon

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air France 27,272 189,28 179,686 18.41% Cameroon Airlines 1,193,879 1,237,63 131,56 13.48% Kenya Airways 57,512 56,628 121,888 12.49% Air Service 112,996 11.58% Bellview Airlines Ltd. 7,254 74,185 7.6% SN Brussels Airlines 83,46 17,16 65,28 6.68% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 36,556 56,24 5.74% Swiss International Airlines Ltd. d/b/a Swiss 46,859 41,652 4.27% Royal Air Maroc 4,775 4.18% Aerotrans Airlines Ltd. 31,616 3.24% Trans Air Congo (TAC) 8,814 27,963 2.87% Virgin Nigeria (replaces Nigerian Airways) 24,26 2.48% Afriqiyah Airways 2,661 2.12% Société Nouvelle Air Ivoire 12,324 19,777 2.3% Hewa Bora Airways 13,433 1.38% Star Equatorial Airlines 9,516.98% Benin Golf Air SA4,719.48% Air Gabon 63,596 9,695 Birdy Airlines S.A. 29,172 KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 17,16 Avirex 3,81 Swiss Air UA 77,376 Air Afrique 65,442 Zircon Airways Benin, S.A. 14,716 Nigeria Airways Ltd. 14,248 Inter-Aviation Services (Interair South Africa) 6,522-47 - Cameroon Cameroon

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at DLA in Douala: 6 5 Estimated Seats 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) 15) Known PPP Transactions: Project Name Year of Financial Closure Location Type of PPI % Private Aeroports du Cameroon 1993 7 airports Concession 71.% 15 Source: PPIAF Duration in Years - 48 - Cameroon Cameroon

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.1 Air France 179,686 2.7% Kenya Airways 17,458 12.3% Cameroon Airlines 95,68 11.% Bellview Airlines Ltd. 74,185 8.5% SN Brussels Airlines 65,28 7.5% Air Service 57,564 6.6% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 56,24 6.4% Swiss International Airlines Ltd. d/b/a Swiss 41,652 4.8% Royal Air Maroc 4,775 4.7% Aerotrans Airlines Ltd. 31,616 3.6% Trans Air Congo (TAC) 27,963 3.2% Virgin Nigeria (replaces Nigerian Airways) 24,26 2.8% Afriqiyah Airways 2,661 2.4% Société Nouvelle Air Ivoire 19,777 2.3% Hewa Bora Airways 13,433 1.5% Star Equatorial Airlines 9,516 1.1% Benin Golf Air SA 4,719.5% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. 17) Airlines with Domestic Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services:.41 Air Service 55,432 52.4% Cameroon Airlines 35,88 33.9% Kenya Airways 14,43 13.6% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. - 49 - Cameroon Cameroon

Cape Verde Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. 5 % No 1 = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Weak State Owned 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 2 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 7 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, Annual Estimated Seats - All 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 21 24 27 Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental Annual Estimated Seats - International 8) City Pairs Served: 3 25 2 15 1 Domestic City Pairs Served International City Pairs Served 5 21 24 27-5 - Cape Verde Cape Verde

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 1% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 99% Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 % 1% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 99% 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-51 - Cape Verde Cape Verde

17% 8% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 75% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 5% % 6% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 89% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 52 - Cape Verde Cape Verde

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 8 7 6 5 4 3 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser 2 1 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 Airlines 3 2 1 21 24 27-53 - Cape Verde Cape Verde

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Transportes Aereos de Cabo Verde (TACV) 1,89,452 975,594 928,399 79.43% TAP 116,376 159,718 145,613 12.46% Hapag Lloyd Fluggessellschaft mbh 3,888 2.64% Air Senegal International 12,636 15,6 22,776 1.95% Britannia Airways AB 14,495 1.24% Condor Flugdienst GmbH 9,62 7,215 1,1.86% TAAG Angola Airlines 8,459.72% Corse Air International 6,533.56% Aigle Azur 1,586.14% South African Airways 311,168 313,196 Inter Islands Airlines 69,732 Gambia International Airlines Ltd. 6,76 Air Senegal 2,886 Guine Bissau Airlines 2,288-54 - Cape Verde Cape Verde

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at SID in Sal Island: 6 5 Estimated Seats 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 55 - Cape Verde Cape Verde

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.42 Transportes Aereos de Cabo Verde (TACV) 353,279 59.5% TAP 145,613 24.5% Hapag Lloyd Fluggessellschaft mbh 3,888 5.2% Air Senegal International 22,776 3.8% Britannia Airways AB 14,495 2.4% Condor Flugdienst GmbH 1,1 1.7% TAAG Angola Airlines 8,459 1.4% Corse Air International 6,533 1.1% Aigle Azur 1,586.3% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. 17) Airlines with Domestic Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services: 1. Transportes Aereos de Cabo Verde (TACV) 575,12 1.% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. - 56 - Cape Verde Cape Verde

Central African Republic Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: None 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 38 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 16, 14, 12, Annual Estimated Seats - All 1, 8, 6, Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental 4, 2, Annual Estimated Seats - International 21 24 27 8) City Pairs Served: 12 1 8 6 International City Pairs Served 4 2 21 24 27-57 - Central African Republic Central African Republic

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 57% 15% 28% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 % % 1% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-58 - Central African Republic Central African Republic

38% 2% 5% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 55% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 24% % % 76% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 59 - Central African Republic Central African Republic

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 1.2 1.8.6.4 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser.2 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 6 5 4 3 Airlines 2 1 21 24 27-6 - Central African Republic Central African Republic

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air France 19,188 1,738 23,842 53.57% Afriqiyah Airways 2,661 46.43% Cameroon Airlines 22,74 5,752 Sudan Airways Co. Ltd. 11,128 12,584 Air Afrique 83,85 Zircon Airways Benin, S.A. 9,516-61 - Central African Republic Central African Republic

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at BGF in Bangui: 25 2 Estimated Seats 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 62 - Central African Republic Central African Republic

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.5 Air France 23,842 53.6% Afriqiyah Airways 2,661 46.4% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services: - 63 - Central African Republic Central African Republic

Chad Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Private 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 1 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 4 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 3, 25, Annual Estimated Seats - All 2, 15, Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental 1, 5, Annual Estimated Seats - International 21 24 27 8) City Pairs Served: 18 16 14 12 1 8 International City Pairs Served 6 4 2 21 24 27-64 - Chad Chad

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 % 1% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 9% Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 % % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 1% 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-65 - Chad Chad

17% 1% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 82% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 94% % % 6% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 66 - Chad Chad

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 1.2 1.8.6.4 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser.2 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 6.2 6 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 Airlines 5 4.8 4.6 4.4 21 24 27-67 - Chad Chad

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air France 58,63 75,166 88,68 44.82% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 28,414 3,125 76,843 38.87% Afriqiyah Airways 19,37 16,787 8.49% Sudan Airways Co. Ltd. 14,3 14,3 12,56 6.33% Nas Air (Eritrea) 2,938 1.49% Cameroon Airlines 38,146 75,868 Air Afrique 97,212 Jamahirya Libyan Arab Airlines 16,224-68 - Chad Chad

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at NDJ in Ndjamena: 3 25 Estimated Seats 2 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 69 - Chad Chad

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.36 Air France 88,68 44.8% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 76,843 38.9% Afriqiyah Airways 16,787 8.5% Sudan Airways Co. Ltd. 12,56 6.3% Nas Air (Eritrea) 2,938 1.5% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services: - 7 - Chad Chad

Comoros Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Weak State Owned 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 2 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 4 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 7, 6, Annual Estimated Seats - All 5, 4, Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic 3, 2, Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental 1, 21 24 27 Annual Estimated Seats - International 8) City Pairs Served: 3 25 2 15 1 Domestic City Pairs Served International City Pairs Served 5 21 24 27-71 - Comoros Comoros

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 55% 14% 31% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 79% 1% 2% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-72 - Comoros Comoros

2% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size 46% 52% Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 25% 4% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized 71% Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 73 - Comoros Comoros

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 6 5 4 3 2 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser 1 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 14 12 1 8 6 Airlines 4 2 21 24 27-74 - Comoros Comoros

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Air Austral 21,429 229,465 333,446 58.31% Comores Aviation 73,177 12.8% Yemenia 43,29 45,136 5,96 8.91% Kenya Airways 9,48 42,328 7.4% Air Tanzania Company Ltd. 26,728 26,91 35,88 6.27% Air Madagascar 23,556 2,384 22,568 3.95% African Express Airways (K) Ltd. 13,52 2.36% Ocean Airlines 65,52 East African Safari Air 21,77 Precision Air Services Ltd. 13,28 Sudan Airways Co. Ltd. 28,6 12,584 Air Bourbon 11,297 LAM 6,825 6,76 Air Seychelles Limited 3,536 Air Mauritius 2,353 Air Arabia 1,4 Inter-Aviation Services (Interair South Africa) 6,11 South African Airways 4,82-75 - Comoros Comoros

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at DZA in Dzaoudzi: 6 5 Estimated Seats 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 76 - Comoros Comoros

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.48 Air Austral 31,553 67.4% Yemenia 5,96 11.1% Air Tanzania Company Ltd. 35,88 7.8% Kenya Airways 23,851 5.2% Air Madagascar 22,568 4.9% African Express Airways (K) Ltd. 13,52 2.9% Comores Aviation 3,289.7% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. 17) Airlines with Domestic Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services:.46 Comores Aviation 69,888 62.8% Air Austral 22,893 2.6% Kenya Airways 18,477 16.6% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. - 77 - Comoros Comoros

Congo Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Private 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 2 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 33 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 1,4, 1,2, Annual Estimated Seats - All 1,, 8, Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic 6, 4, Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental 2, 21 24 27 Annual Estimated Seats - International 8) City Pairs Served: 35 3 25 2 15 Domestic City Pairs Served International City Pairs Served 1 5 21 24 27-78 - Congo Congo

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 51% 29% 2% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 73% 5% 22% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-79 - Congo Congo

27% 12% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size 12% Percent of Seat km in Large 49% Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 51% 1% % 48% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 8 - Congo Congo

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 7 6 5 4 3 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser 2 1 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 11.2 11 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 Airlines 1 9.8 9.6 9.4 21 24 27-81 - Congo Congo

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Trans Air Congo (TAC) 155,818 472,615 51.74% Air France 36,556 11,348 117,962 12.91% Hewa Bora Airways 8,84 92,69 1.15% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 3,423 14,144 7,824 7.75% TAAG Angola Airlines 51,766 63,44 63,44 6.94% Royal Air Maroc 28,841 3.16% Inter-Aviation Services (Interair South Africa) 21,147 19,899 2.18% Air Mauritanie 17,637 1.93% Benin Golf Air SA 16,779 1.84% Air Service 12,792 1.4% Aero-Service 326,664 651,768 Air Gabon 84,318 138,649 Cameroon Airlines 54,955 82,767 Avirex 22,334 STA 21,446 Air Afrique 195,511 Heli France 169,728 Business Aviation 18,148 Zircon Airways Benin, S.A. 12,116-82 - Congo Congo

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at BZV in Brazzaville: 6 5 Estimated Seats 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 83 - Congo Congo

16) Airlines with International Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for International Services:.15 Air France 117,962 25.1% Hewa Bora Airways 88,66 18.9% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 7,824 15.1% Trans Air Congo (TAC) 51,467 11.% TAAG Angola Airlines 5,752 1.8% Royal Air Maroc 28,841 6.1% Inter-Aviation Services (Interair South Africa) 19,899 4.2% Air Mauritanie 17,637 3.8% Air Service 12,792 2.7% Benin Golf Air SA 11,11 2.3% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. 17) Airlines with Domestic Service in 27 Airline Seats in 27 Total Maket Share Herfindahl Index for Domestic Services:.9 Trans Air Congo (TAC) 421,148 94.9% TAAG Angola Airlines 12,688 2.9% Benin Golf Air SA 5,768 1.3% Hewa Bora Airways 4,3.9% Source: Calculations based on data provided by the Seabury SRS data analyzer. - 84 - Congo Congo

Congo DRC Safety 1) % Registered Airlines Passed IOSA Audit: 2) Airline in Country (or Country itself) on EU Blacklist 3) Country FAA Category: Note: Safety data as of June 1 29. % No 2 = Not Audited, 1 = Pass, 2 - Fail. Access and Services 4) Primary/Flag Carrier Ownership Type: Private 5) Estimated total Number of Scheduled Airlines Based in Country: 53 6) Estimated Total Number of Airports (with or without scheduled traffic): 239 Note: Nos. 5 and 6 above as of June 1 29. 7) Overall Traffic (airport aggregates, domestic traffic, if available, counted twice): 1,2, 1,, Annual Estimated Seats - All 8, 6, Annual Estimated Seats - Domestic 4, Annual Estimated Seats - Intercontinental 2, 21 24 27 Annual Estimated Seats - International 8) City Pairs Served: 3 25 2 15 1 Domestic City Pairs Served International City Pairs Served 5 21 24 27-85 - Congo DRC Congo DRC

9) Percentage of Seat km by Age: 21 4% 1% 5% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent Percentage of Seat km by Age: 27 74% 1% 25% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Age Percent of Seat km in Old Percent of Seat km in Recent 1) Percentage of Seat km by Size: 21-86 - Congo DRC Congo DRC

47% 1% 1% Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size Percent of Seat km in Large 51% Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized Percentage of Seat km by Size: 27 3% % Percent of Seat km in of Unknown Size 39% 58% Percent of Seat km in Large Percent of Seat km in Medium- Sized Percent of Seat km in Smaller- Sized - 87 - Congo DRC Congo DRC

11) Estimated Number of Airports with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Estimated total number of airports with scheduled advertised ser 2 1 21 24 27 12) Estimated Number of Airlines with Scheduled Advertised Service as of December 31: 15.2 15 14.8 14.6 14.4 14.2 Airlines 14 13.8 13.6 13.4 21 24 27-88 - Congo DRC Congo DRC

13) List of Airlines Serving the Country Airline 21 24 27 Share Hewa Bora Airways 345,176 47,537 422,31 42.67% Kenya Airways 44,382 54,314 112,112 11.33% Wimbi Dira Airways 92,9 9.31% Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise 22,1 24,473 86,736 8.76% SN Brussels Airlines 12,492 19,448 74,36 7.51% Air France 48,646 68,328 6.9% South African Airways 8,164 48,984 52,86 5.34% Air Zimbabwe (PVT) Ltd. 95,775 37,83 3.82% South African Express Airways (Pty) Ltd. 16,848 1.7% JetLink Express 7,94.8% Eastair 7,488.76% Star Equatorial Airlines 6,344.64% Benin Golf Air SA3,146.32% Zambian Airways 6,49 1,326.13% Cameroon Airlines 11,435 89,388 Air Tanzania Company Ltd. 16,192 71,76 Birdy Airlines S.A. 49,764 TAAG Angola Airlines 26,312 25,376 Inter-Aviation Services (Interair South Africa) 25,376 Air Gabon 16,289 Business Aviation 39,949 14,144 Air Malawi Limited 897 Axis Airways 165,96 Air Afrique 19,136 Air Service 9,516 Nigeria Airways Ltd. 3,172-89 - Congo DRC Congo DRC

14) Departing and Arriving Seats per Hour for November 27 at FIH in Kinshasa: Estimated Seats 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 1 3 5 7 Weekday Time Slot ( - 23) - 9 - Congo DRC Congo DRC