Lizard Peninsula Heritage Trust An environmental charity dedicated to the recognition, protection, enhancement and enjoyment of the Lizard Peninsula Friends of the Lizard 1997-2006 Newsletter No 40 July 2009 Registered Charity No 1092934 Events programme 2009-10 Full details of events for the year were set out in the separate leaflet included with Newsletter 39 in April. If you wish to notify the Trust of your intention to go, enabling us to contact you if there is any late changes of plan, please contact: Gill Richardson 01326 280058, Ann Chapman 01326 221648 or Anne Roberts 01326 221243 or visit the Trust s website: www.lizardpeninsulaheritagetrust.org.uk Our own events up to the next Newsletter are: Saturday 18 July 2009, 12.30 LPHT event: Summer BBQ at Bodlowen, Bounder Treath, Coverack. Bodlowen is the home of our Chairman & his wife, David & Gill Richardson. After their NGS open day on 12 July, a summer BBQ Social for LPHT members. Cost: 12 all-in price for extensive buffet & drinks. Booking in advance essential: Cheques to Lizard Peninsula Heritage Trust to Geoff Blackman, Chy-an- Mordhu, 5 Park Enskellaw, Mullion TR12 7JG. Thursday 30 July 2009, 2.30pm LPHT event: Garden visit - Trenarth, High Cross, Constantine TR11 5JN. After her NGS open day on 19 July, Lucy Nottingham will lead a tour of her 4-acre prize-winning gardens, surrounding a C17 farmhouse in a lovely pastoral setting. Directions: Approximately 2 miles east of Constantine. OS ref SW 757 288. For car-share, contact Gill, Ann or Anne. Cost: 3 including tea. Places limited, so please notify Gill, Ann or Anne of intention to go. Trenarth, High Cross, Constantine Subscriptions Subscription renewals were due on 1 April and, as members have already been informed, they remain unchanged at 6 for an individual or 9 for two adults at the same address. Approximately 15% of our members have paid a Life subscription and a further 45% by Standing Order, which is easier for both them and us. The Gift Aid option significantly increases our income, without any extra cost to our Members, and without any intrusion into their tax affairs. We have been pleased with the response, about 60 members have signed up, but many more could participate, allowing us to claim an extra 25% from the Inland Revenue. You will notice that the renewals slip now includes a simple tick box for you to agree this facility. Contact by Email With subscription rates static and modest, and postage costs constantly increase, we have to look for ways to economise. An idea that might appeal to some members would be to receive all communications by Email instead of by post. This would also have the advantage of speed and seeing the illustrations in our Newsletters far better in their full colour. Some members have already opted for this facility, so if you want to participate, just send your Email address to David Richardson (see bottom of back page). St Keverne Square Roadside heritage on the Lizard volunteer surveyors required We have received the following message of support for our proposed Roadside Artefacts survey, within our area, from Nick Johnson, who is Cornwall Council s manager of the Historic Environment Service: The Historic Environment Service of Cornwall Council is very supportive of the Lizard Trust s initiative taken to record, monitor and care for roadside heritage on the Lizard. The milestones and traditional fingerposts along the roads and lanes of the county are a precious and vulnerable part of the character of our historic landscape and they mark the traditional routes into and through Cornwall. They tell the story of the development of the road network and of the connections between places and people, and in their traditional forms contribute to the local distinctiveness of different areas within the county, such as the Lizard. Many are Listed Buildings, in recognition of their national importance. However, they are vulnerable to damage by vehicles, and by mechanical management of verges and hedges, and to loss. Some have been vandalised or even stolen, yet, as they are almost all owned by the Cornwall Council, as part of the highway, they belong, in effect, to the community and it is very appropriate that the community on the Lizard should be taking a pro-active interest in their identification and welfare. We encourage individuals to get in touch with the group and become involved in this excellent initiative. The rewards will be there for all to see and appreciate. Nicholas Johnson MBE, Historic Environment Manager, Cornwall Council Members may recall that, in 2005, we carried out a sample photographic survey of dilapidated cast-iron finger-posts on the Lizard Peninsula and sent copies, together with a letter of concern, to the County Council, English Heritage, Kerrier District Council, the Civic Trust and the Campaign to Protect Rural England. Our initiative received good publicity at the time, on Radio Cornwall and in the West Briton, and prompted letters of support. Subsequently, we considered carrying out a full survey of historic finger-posts and milestones on the Lizard. However, after discussions with the former County Council, the new unitary Cornwall Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund, we have now decided on a comprehensive survey of all roadside heritage items in our area. Such a survey would include not only finger-posts and milestones, but also, for example: bridges, war memorials, Continued...
Roadside heritage on the Lizard Continued.. stiles, telephone kiosks, post-boxes, village signs, statuary, information boards, light fittings, bus shelters etc and many other items that add to the heritage value of roadside verges. We have received a small grant to publish and circulate a promotional leaflet about the proposed survey, but we have reached a point when we need to be clear about the best way forward. On the one hand, we could submit a bid to the Heritage Lottery Fund with the hope of a financial award to meet the costs of equipment and travel expenses, related not only to the survey itself but also for the subsequent exhibition, display, publication and equipment costs. On the other hand, the bid procedure is notoriously onerous and lengthy, without any guarantee of success, and would undoubtedly delay a possible start date and require considerable on-going administration. We included an article on the Tredinnick Woodland Association s project in April s Newsletter. Since then, Penny Barton has reported that their grant bid has been unsuccessful, despite all the hard work and advice taken. She now feels that a go-it-alone project would also be far less intrusive. As a first step towards clarifying the most appropriate way forward, we would like to identify what volunteer surveyors might come from within our own membership. May I please ask you, therefore, to contact me if you would be interested in walking along allocated lengths of road, probably in your own area, although we may decide on a parish by parish approach. After an initial training event, you would be supplied with pre-printed survey sheets and maps to record the existence and condition of all items of interest that you find, photographing these with your own camera. Completed survey sheets would then be submitted to the appointed project managers (probably Colin Chapman and me) for inclusion on a database that would be compatible with the Cornwall Council heritage record. We do hope that you will wish to participate in this very worthwhile initiative. David Richardson Annual Helford River Trip organised by Helford Marine Conservation Group - Sunday 21 June 2009 St Anthony in Meneage Once again we met at the beach in front of the Ferryboat Inn, in gorgeous weather for this annual outing - this year organised by Paul Garrard, taking over after many years from Pamela Thompsett. We set off westwards up the river and turned into Porth Navas Creek to view the Duchy Oyster Farm, run by Ben Wright who has now taken over the Ferryboat Inn. On the hill above the creek are some very impressive houses and, in the trees, a first viewing of the Little Egret now well known on the Helford. Next, we passed Frenchman s Creek made famous in the Daphne Du Maurier novel and too shallow for our vessel to venture into. The local NT warden pointed out Powder s Cottage, a NT holiday home built in the 1920s by Powder Thourbun an entrepreneur, artist and it is said gun runner!! Also of interest was the oak woodland coming to the water s edge - we were reminded that Cornwall is the 2 nd leastwooded county in England. The NT has reintroduced coppicing which will regenerate trees. On the right is Merthen Woods - these are, of course, the woods leading down to the river from Merthen Manor, owned by our good friends Tony and Mary Vyvyan. Residence in the old boathouse is shared by horseshoe bats and barn owls. As owls and bats do not get on, the NT has created separate accommodation for them in there, so it is now semi-detached! Andrew Thompsett explained about the black and white Shell Ducks around here. In August, they strangely leave our shores and fly to Germany, leaving their youngsters behind, where they complete the moulting process and then return with new feathers. No reason is really known for this eccentric behaviour. Next on the right (sorry, starboard) is the Gweek Seal Sanctuary, well known nationally for its work rescuing injured and sick seals. Gweek grew as a harbour after Helston was cut off from the sea by Loe Bar. More egrets here and there are seven nests on the Helford this year. The first nests in the UK were spotted in 1995, either on the Helford or Brownsea Island (they are still arguing about it). Andrew explained that herons and egrets nest in the same locations - in fact, heronries can be occupied for hundreds of years. There are twelve herons nests this year. As we headed back eastwards, David Muirhead, chairman of the local fishermen, pointed out some of the fishing boats including the Lady Hamilton, sunk a couple of years ago but now restored. The boats use tangle nets for monkfish and crab. As we approached Nare Point we were reminded that a decoy of Falmouth Station was built there in the War, to confuse German bombers and it was bombed. We moved closer to the beautiful village of St Anthony and saw the crossing point used at low tide to enable walkers to stay on the South West footpath without the need for a detour of several miles. Paul Garrard explained the geological interest on the Helford. Apparently, the mud in the Helford came down from Wales 300m million years ago! Passing Durgan and Trebah beaches we found ourselves back at Helford Passage after a trip of 2½ hours full of interest. Thanks to all the speakers on board for sharing their knowledge of this beautiful river. Geoff Blackman Lizard Ancient Sites Network (LAN) - A brief Catch-up to our article in April This new venture has had two outings under the management of CASPN (Cornish Ancient Sites Protection Network), and I am sure will prove as successful as the West Penwith initiative. The first site-clearing in April was the Dry Tree barrow on Goonhilly Downs, where surprisingly quickly the newly recruited group cleared old bracken, gorse, scrubby growth and brambles, leaving the Trig Point on top of the barrow now clearly visible. The second clear-up on 18th May was at the Kynance Gate Settlement, where we concentrated our efforts on clearing the gorse regrowth one of the larger hut circles. More clean-up days are now being planned. Anyone else interested in helping or for more information please contact Cheryl Straffon: Tel 01736 787186 or E-mail info@cornishancientsites.com Prue Towner
Local businesses - Matt Robinson & Co Building Designer & Workshop Continuing our series of articles on businesses on the Lizard Peninsula, with particular reference to those that are unusual or have an interesting story to tell, here is an example of the recent work of Matt Robinson s workshop, designers & makers of architectural works of art. We propose a more general item on Matt s range of work in the next Newsletter: A new Bell-tower for Coverack Church In February 2008, I was asked to add some finesse to a conceptual design for a replacement bell tower on the Victorian church of St Peter in Coverack. This was an exciting request as, for me, religious buildings represent the highest form of architecture. The architects for the project, PDP Green Consulting from Pool, provided 1:50 drawing of the tower and a small black and white photograph of the previous tower, lost in a storm after the Second World War. Fortunately, we couldn t see too much detail on the old tower, only that it was timber with four posts and gothic tracery at the top of the frame, followed by a steeply pitched slate pyramidal roof. I say fortunately because we could then design something appropriate for the church, rather than slavishly copy a past template, making the end result fresh, alive and contemporary. I sketched various 3-D fingernail drawings, agreed with the architects a structural solution for the tower, drew the whole scheme 1:25 scale and then made a model of the church and tower for presentation to the Coverack Church committee. Models are fantastic communication tools and it really made the project come alive for members of the community who had been working on the project for years. The project was given the go ahead in September 2008 and I re-drew the timberwork to a scale of 1:10 - very detailed, resolving every single joint and piece of timber - and contacted all the different trades to make sure they were available to fit into the schedule. Building is always a collaborative effort of many different people and skills, and one of my principal jobs is to choose the right persons for a particular job and fit them together so that the sum is greater than the parts. From the 1:10 drawings, we were able to make full-size templates for the arched components and copper cross and cut them out on boards or card. These templates were then taken to respective workshops and made into components for the tower: the arches went to a joiner s shop in Falmouth, where they were cut out and moulded on a modern spindle moulder and glued together to form the early English gothic arch. The cross was built up from 0.6mm thick copper sheet and rough-welded together to form a lively and naive cross by an artist in Penwith. The vertical structural posts and horizontal rails are made from 6 x 6 French oak, which cannot be joined together using machines and glue. All the wood retains some twists and warps and requires a different woodworking method to put together accurately. In this green oak framing, the distortions of one piece of wood are copied or scribed onto its neighbouring piece. Furthermore, instead of glueing the mortice & tenons, as in joinery or cabinet making, green oak framing uses cleft oak pegs to sew the joints together. Pegs are about 3/4 in diameter and split from a straight grained log. Another cunning trick of this sort of joinery is that the holes in mortice & tenon are offset slightly so when the peg is hammered in, the joint is pulled tighter together. It makes erecting such a frame a wonderfully satisfying process! Having made the structure in the workshop over the previous weeks, it was time to cut the holes in the roof of the church and install the frame. This is always a nerve racking experience: are our measurements right? What unforeseen problems will there be etc? Putting a structure within an existing roof is far more difficult than building afresh. It took us a long November day to put the basic oak frame up in the roof, finally finishing at 6pm. The pyramidal roof on top of the oak frame is basically unseen and makes use of steel screws and larch wood as well as a central oak kingpost. One of the best features of the design is that this kingpost has a 3m long stainless threaded rod in its centre that does four things simultaneously - it holds up the bell; it fastens the copper cross ; it acts as the lightning conductor; and it provides structural strength to the post. The roof is in reclaimed Cornish scantle slates this is where the slates start larger at the bottom 11 and gradually diminish in 1 decrements to 6 slates at the top. It s the local and most beautiful form of slating and particularly suited to such a small structure. On the hips (the edges of the roof) we innovated with the use of proud copper soakers, an architectural device to marry the slate roof with the copper cross on the top, as well as waterproof the roof at that junction. Making components simultaneously useful in many ways, both functionally and aesthetically elevates architectural design above mere building. Coverack Church Bell-tower We finally screwed the copper cross into place on a freezing December day and it went on beautifully. After tidying up of loose ends, the job was finished; building it had been a smooth job that went well. All that hard work tending the smallest of details paid off and has given the bell tower a subtle majesty of which I am very proud. When describing the project to people, they often asked Where is the church in Coverack? I believe that is a question people will no longer need to ask. Caervallack, St. Martin, Helston, Cornwall TR12 6DF 01326 221339 www.build-art.co.uk Matt Robinson Cornwall Council elections Congratulations to the three councillors who represent our area on the new Cornwall Council unitary authority, following the elections held on 4 June 2009: Pam Lyne (Independent), St Keverne & Meneage Chywartha, Manaccan, Helston, Cornwall TR12 8HU Phone: 01326 231307 Neil Hatton (Conservative), Constantine Mill Cottage, Polwheveral, Constantine, Cornwall TR11 5RW Phone: 01326 340677 Carolyn Rule (Conservative), Mullion Marconi House, Meaver Road, Mullion Cornwall TR12 7AH Mobile: 07751 685733 David Richardson
Personalities from our membership - Anne Roberts The Lizard Trust has some amazing personalities among its members, and here is another. Anne Roberts and her late husband, John, have had extremely active sporting lives, dominated by hockey, tennis, cricket and rugby. They joined the Lizard Trust in 2003 and, shortly afterwards, John became Treasurer, a post he held until his untimely death in December 2004. Anne Roberts was born in 1934 at Northwich, Cheshire, where her father was an electrical engineer with the local electricity company (later to become MANWEB). Her brother was born in 1939 and, with her father in a reserved occupation, the ensuing war years were spent in happy and stable family life. At the age of nine, Anne enrolled at Stockton Lodge School, Stockton Heath and was there for two years before gaining a place at Sir John Deane's Grammar School, Northwich where she spent six very happy years. She entered fully into school life becoming, a member of both the 1st XI Hockey and 1st VI Tennis teams. She adds that somewhere along the line she managed to win the Senior Championship Trophy at the annual school swimming gala. At Sir John Deane's, a mixed grammar school, support for the 1st XI (cricket) and the 1st XV Anne Roberts (rugby) was deemed to be very important and it was on the touchline that, at the tender age of thirteen years, she became interested in a certain John Roberts, known to many of you through FOtL/LPHT. In 1951, Anne's family relocated to Great Shelford, Cambridgeshire where her father became a District Engineer for the Eastern Electricity Board. She returned to school for a 3rd year VIth and was soon a member of both the 1st XI and the 1st VI at Cambridge High School for Girls. On leaving school, Anne became a lab technician in soil chemistry at MAFF. She joined the Cambridge Ladies' Hockey Club, Shelford LTC and Cambridge and County LTC and represented the County at both hockey and tennis. During the intervening years Anne and John saw each other as often as time and distance would allow. They married in Great Shelford in 1956 and moved to Oxton near Birkenhead and Anne worked as a lab technician in Liverpool. Anne and John moved to Colwyn Bay early in 1958 where Andrew was born in August. By mid-1959, however, they were back on the Wirral at Eastham and Anne was again playing tennis at Oxton LTC. She had to give up hockey, but tennis combined well with family life and John's rugby. In 1962, the young family moved to Reading where tennis became a year-round game, sweeping snow off the courts at Bisham Abbey, where they played winter league tennis under floodlights. David was born in 1964 and, when he went to Senior School, Anne was appointed as a lab technician in a local school. In 1983, when both boys were grown up, she and John moved to Old Burghclere, near Newbury with John commuting to Reading. Living in Old Burghclere, Anne quickly found the tennis club and also became the pianist for a ballet teacher at a local girls' private school. Additionally, she served on the committee of the Friends of All Saints, Old Burghclere, their 12th century church, along with two notable worthies, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Harry Porchester, second son of Lord Caernarvon. On John's retirement in 1993, they moved to Garras, the culmination of an idea originally formed when on honeymoon in Cornwall and nurtured during several holidays to Porthleven in the early-80s. Once again tennis proved to be Anne's introduction to the area and an excellent way of making new friends, one of whom is Mary Vyvyan (see Newsletter April 2008). In the mid-90s David followed Anne and John to the Lizard and he now runs Kennack Diving, based at Sea Acres Holiday Park. Then, two years ago, Andrew and his family moved to Garras. Anne has four grandchildren, three girls and a boy. Tennis has remained top of Anne's interests, followed closely by music (and in particular playing the piano), gardening, knitting and needlework although we must not forget her two labradors, Suzzi and Honey, though sadly she lost Suzzi in early June. Although John's death left a huge gap in Anne's life, it remains full of purpose, interest, family and friends - and, yes you've guessed it, a game of tennis as often as she can! Colin Chapman Chairman David Richardson Bodlowen, Coverack, Helston TR12 6TP 01326 280058 Vice Chairman Colin Chapman Chy Lean, Mawgan, Helston TR12 6AY 01326 221648 Secretary David Richardson Bodlowen, Coverack, Helston TR12 6TP 01326 280058 Treasurer Geoff Blackman Chy-an-Mordhu, 5 Park Enskellaw, Mullion TR12 7JG 01326 241722 Committee Avril Evens Tresaddern House, Ruan Minor, Helston TR12 7NA 01326 290629 Committee Ann Chapman Chy Lean, Mawgan, Helston TR12 6AY 01326 221648 Committee Gill Richardson Bodlowen, Coverack, Helston TR12 6TP 01326 280058 Committee Anne Roberts Pipers Green, Garras, Helston TR12 6LP 01326 221243 Assistant Secretary Prue Towner Cracklewood, 10 Doctors Hill, St Keverne TR12 6UX 01326 281230 Published by Lizard Peninsula Heritage Trust, Bodlowen, Coverack 01326 280058 E-mail: d813richardson@btinternet.com Web site: www.lizardpeninsulaheritagetrust.org.uk President John Grierson
Lizard Peninsula Heritage Trust Supplementary page to Newsletter No 40, July 2009 Moho Erectus I expect you already knew that the Mohorovičić discontinuity is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle, often known simply as the Moho, but did you know that Coverack is one of the few places where you can actually see it sticking out of the ground? Did you also know that Coverack used to be called Porth Govrek? For those of you interested in etymology, the LPHT has much to offer. Gover is Cornish for stream, hence govrak means abundant in flowing water. Add porth for cove, change the G to a C because it follows th, adjust for the Cornish accent, and hence Porth Govrek. This still exists today in a mutated form in Polcoverack. After absorbing some of the above, we proceeded with our walk from said village to Lowland Point, led by our dear friend Dr Paul Gainey. His fund of knowledge is vast, and we have learned so much from him over the years. Always ready for more, we set out on 15 June with an added challenge from our chairman. David Richardson, complete with clipboard and neatly typed forms, announced that Dr Gainey s challenge today, should he choose to accept it, was to find sixty plants, in flower, and to name them all - common and botanical, if you please. In helpful mood, we all joined in, starting with the simple daisy, sprouting gaily on the green at North Corner, and David was soon scribbling ever faster in response to our shouts. As epithets such as, Stinking Iris, Bristly Oxtail, Sour Sab Pendulous Sedge and (excuse me) Nipplewort sailed through the air, passers-by might be forgiven for looking at us askance. Not forgetting the species of Balm known as Bastard - and not just because we couldn t find it. It must have taken an hour to walk a few hundred yards, but it was such fun, and all the time we were learning new things about the botanical paradise in which we live. Did you know that Iris means Rainbow? And are you aware of the handy mnemonic for distinguishing sedges from rushes, viz., sedges have edges (three); rushes round? We saw rarities too: the Cornish Heath; the miniscule and innocent sounding Butterwort which is actually insectivorous; and a dead mole. Dr Gainey had no compunction in handling the poor wee soul in order to show us its spade-like front feet, and I gingerly touched its fur - so deep and soft, one could almost understand why people used them to make trousers. Heartless brutes. We had a picnic lunch at the Grove, which sounds like a posh restaurant but was, of course, far superior. We then continued, pausing to identify Hemlock Water Dropwort v.p.i. (very poisonous indeed), Dodder, Sea Campion, Spearwort, and Rock Spurry, among much else, before arriving at Trebarwith Salt Works. These date from about 200 A.D. and pottery shards can be found everywhere - some complete with the potters thumbprints. This site provided the gabbro clay from which the pots were made, and the salt was stored in these pots. One pot that was not so welcome, discovered lurking in a gorse bush, was identified as chicken and bacon pasta from Tesco s. I find it hard to believe that anyone who is sufficiently interested in nature to walk the coast path can find it in their conscience to leave such litter around. Shame on them. As we stood there, we tried to imagine the scene of 120,000 years ago when the waves lapped the base of the cliffs which now form a hill several hundred yards further inland, and shore was a hive of activity. The salt works marked the end of the line for John, myself, Tilly and Hintza as we had visitors arriving back home, but the rest of the party carried on to Lowland Point. We and the dogs arrived back at North Corner in a third of the time it had taken us on our outward journey. Quicker yes, but not half so much fun! PS: The total of flowering plants identified was 109. Beat that! See reverse for the full list. Jane Grierson
Lizard Peninsula Heritage Trust Monday 15 June 2009 A botanical walk with Dr Paul Gainey, from Coverack to Lowland Point The criterion for inclusion on the list was plants that we saw in flower. Botanical name: Common name: Botanical name: Common name: 1 Achillea millefolium Yarrow 56 Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia 2 Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel 57 Parietaria judaica Pellitory-of-the-wall 3 Anagallis tenella Bog Pimpernel 58 Pedicularis sylvatica Lousewort 4 Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley 59 Pentaglottis sempervirens Green Alkanet 5 Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney Vetch 60 Picris echioides Bristly Ox-tongue 6 Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress 61 Pinguicula lusitanica Pale Butterwort 7 Armeria maritima Thrift 62 Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain 8 Bellis perennis Daisy 63 Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain 9 Buddleia davidii Buddleia 64 Polygala serpyllifolia Heath Milkwort 10 Cardamine pratensis Cuckoo Flower 65 Potentilla erecta Tormentil 11 Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge 66 Potentilla reptans Creeping Tormentil 12 Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury 67 Prunella vulgaris Selfheal 13 Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle 68 Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort 14 Clematis vitalba Old Man's Beard 69 Ranunculus septentrionalis Marsh Buttercup 15 Convolvulus arvensis Bindweed 70 Rosa canina Dog Rose 16 Crithmum maritimum Rock Samphire 71 Rosa pimpinellifolia Burnet Rose 17 Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax 72 Rubia peregrina Wild Madder 18 Dactylorhiza maculate Heath Spotted Orchid 73 Rubus fruticosus Bramble 19 Daucus carota Wild Carrot 74 Rumex crispus Curled Dock 20 Digitalis purpurea Foxglove 75 Sambucus nigra Elder 21 Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb 76 Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet 22 Erica cinerea Bell Heather 77 Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort 23 Erica vagans Cornish Heath 78 Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort 24 Erigeron karvinskianus Mexican Daisy 79 Sedum anglicum English Stonecrop 25 Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet 80 Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort 26 Fumaria officinalis Common Fumitory 81 Silene dioica Red Campion 27 Galium album Hedge Bedstraw 82 Silene maritima Sea Campion 28 Galium aparine Goosegrass 83 Solanum dulcamara Woody Nightshade 29 Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw 84 Spergularia rupicola Rock Sea-spurrey 30 Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill 85 Stachys officinalis Betony 31 Geranium robertianum Herb-robert 86 Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort 32 Geum urbanum Herb Bennet 87 Stellaria media Common Chickweed 33 Gladiolus communis Whistling Jack 88 Tamarix gallica Tamarisk 34 Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy 89 Taraxacum officinale Dandelion 35 Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed 90 Teucrium scorodonia Wood Sage 36 Hieracium spp Hawkweed (various) 91 Thymus praecox Wild Thyme 37 Hypericum androsaemum Tutsan 92 Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil 38 Hypericum humifusum Trailing St John's-wort 93 Trifolium micranthum Slender Trefoil 39 Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris 94 Trifolium pratense Red Clover 40 Iris pseudacorus Yellow Iris 95 Trifolium repens White Clover 41 Jasione montana Sheep's-bit Scabious 96 Tripleurospermum maritimum Sea Mayweed 42 Juncus effusus Soft Rush 97 Ulex europaeus Common Gorse 43 Lapsana communis Nipplewort 98 Umbilicus rupestris Wall Pennywort 44 Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy 99 Urtica dioica Common Nettle 45 Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle 100 Valeriana officinalis Common Valerian 46 Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot-trefoil 101 Verbascum thapsus Great Mullein 47 Lotus uliginosus Large bird's-foot-trefoil 102 Veronica beccabunga Brooklime 48 Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged-robin 103 Veronica persica Common Field-speedwell 49 Lythrum salicaria Purple-loosestrife 104 Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch 50 Malva sylvestris Common Mallow 105 Vicia sativa Common Vetch 51 Medicago arabica Spotted Medick 106 Vicia sepium Bush Vetch 52 Nasturtium officinale Watercress 107 Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tare 53 Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort 108 Vinca major Greater Periwinkle 54 Oxalis purpurea Purple Woodsorrel 109 Zantedeschia aethiopica Arum Lily 55 Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy David Richardson