Eng. Musallam.M. Labani Trainer & Consultant Training @ Aviation Pioneers
What is HUMAN FACTORS?
Anything that affects a person s performance.
Disciplines.
What is "? (ICAO)
The term, has to be clearly defined. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) tells us that: is about people : It is about people in their working and living environments, and it is about their relationship with equipment, procedures, and the environment. Just as importantly, it is about their relationships with other people... its two objectives can be seen as safety and efficiency.
The SHEL Model is defined as The relationship of Human Factors and the aviation environment (Reinhart, 1996, p. 610). A Useful Tool for Analyzing and Teaching the Contribution of to Aviation Errors. S SOFTWARE Procedures, checklists, manuals, training materials, charts etc HARDWARE Equipment, vehicles, tools, controls, switches, levers, workplace design, seating Etc H LIVEWARE Operators L L L LIVEWARE/LIVEWARE Interface between people. Operators, controllers, managers, etc E ENVIRONMENT Site, terrain, weather, roads, traffic, remoteness etc
Cause Of Accidents / Incidents Environ ment Technical Human Error
The Problem Analysis of airline accidents over 20 years show approximately 70% to 80% were a direct result of inadequacies related to aircrew coordination, workload management, and decision making. (IATA, ICAO & NTSB Safety Reports)
Accident in Aviation Statistical graph showing that 80 percent of all aviation accidents are caused by human factors.
What are the primary risk factors in aviation incidents/accidents? Lack of flying skills; Lack of communication; Not adhering to SOP`S; Overconfidence / complacency; Bad decision making.
Human Performance issues Threat & Error Management (TEM) Workload Management Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Stress & Fatigue Communication CRM DRM MRM Conflict Resolution Situational Awareness Teamwork & Leadership Decision Making Attitude & Behavior
Air Florida Flight 90 January 13 th 1982 The Pilot failed to switch on the internal anti-icing system. Used reverse thrust in a snow storm, and failed to abort take off.
Probable Cause. Flight crew's failure to use engine anti-ice during ground operation and takeoff, their decision to take off with snow/ice on the airfoil surfaces of the aircraft, the captain's failure to reject the takeoff during the early stage when his attention was called to anomalous engine instrument readings, the prolonged ground delay between deicing and the receipt of ATC takeoff clearance during which the airplane was exposed to continual precipitation, and the limited experience of the flight crew in jet transport winter operations.
Air Florida Flight 90 Was there a problem here? Did the first officer recognize the problem? occur? Why did this accident
United Airlines Flight 173 During the approach only two of the landing gear lights illuminated; The crew circled figuring out what to do; The aircraft crashed.
United Airlines Flight 173 The Light bulb was burnt out. The NTSB ruled the following: The failure of the captain to monitor properly the aircraft's fuel state and to properly respond to the low fuel state. His inattention resulted from preoccupation with a landing gear malfunction.
Safety Net..
Tenerife Disaster ( 583 Fatalities ) : In 1977 Pan-Am/KLM disaster in Tenerife, the most deadliest accident involving human factors which has led to many changes in crew By: hierarchy, Musallam M communication, Labani and Human teamwork. Factors
What is Crew Resource Management The effective use of all Available Resources needed to complete a Safe and Efficient flight. (FAA CRM Training AC)
What are the Resources? People, Equipment and Information that can contribute to a successful flight and the prevention of error during the flight.
CRM Training Objective To Develop People Human Factor Skills Necessary For Safe And Efficient Flight Operations.
Evolution of CRM COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Early 80 s CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Early 90 s COMPANY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Today
US Air Ways 15th Jan 2009 Saving Flight 1549 Capt. Sulley Sullenberger
Contributing to the survivability of the accident was: 1) the decision-making of the flight crewmembers and their crew resource management during the accident sequence; 2) the performance of the cabin crewmembers while expediting the evacuation of the airplane; and 3) the proximity of the emergency responders to the accident site and their immediate and appropriate response to the accident.
Conclusion Crew Resource Management can be defined as a management system which makes optimum use of all available resourcesequipment-procedures, and peopleto promote safety and enhance the efficiency of flight operations.
Interesting Data!! training still the cheapest and the most effective safety control measure in dealing with high-tech complex failures.
THANK YOU Eng. Musallam.M. Labani Trainer & Consultant Training @ Aviation Pioneers