Unit 11: Travel and Trade

Unit 11: Travel and Trade

Today Due: Current Events Article Assignment Quiz: Unit 10 (Value of Land) In class: Unit 11 (Travel and Trade) HW: wkbk 97-102, study for quiz 11, read Unit 12 (155-166)

Lesson 51: River Transportation in TN The Development of Transportation If you were an early settler in TN, how would you Travel to visit relatives (near or far)? Go faster than walking speed? Move goods that you wanted to sell (ex: logs)?

Lesson 51: River Transportation in TN The Development of Transportation Modern travel vs. travel in the early days of statehood very different! Infrastructure is important for trade and settlement Infra within, so the structure within How did transportation develop in TN? Rivers Roads Rails

Lesson 51: River Transportation in TN Rivers: The First Highways Native American canoes dugout tree trunks, used to move people long distances Shoals shallow water Pro: less effort than walking Con: dangerous rapids/shoals, rivers not passable the whole way Flatboats 50 ft x 12 ft, no motor, poles used Pros: could carry lots of stuff! Cons: couldn t go up river Keelboats lighter, narrower (8 ft wide) Pro: Could go upstream (sails, rowing, poling) Con: slow (took 3 months to go from New Orleans to Nashville!)

Lesson 51: River Transportation in TN River Changes How did/do river travelers deal with rapids/shoals? Port their boats actually move them over land Build a lock system (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lca7iu2uzsg) Straighten/deeper river channel ( channelize )

Lesson 51: River Transportation in TN Invention and Use of Steamboats The steam engine! For the 1 st time, people/goods could move faster than natural forces could carry them! General Jackson 1 st steamboat to arrive in Nashville (1819) Steam travel revolutionized trade and travel 1817 Nashville to New Orleans and back took 4 months After steam power same journey took 20 days! Rivers near Memphis (Mississippi) and Nashville (Cumberland) helped them develop into trade centers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svhfnjq8e2o

Lesson 52: Road Development in Tennessee The First Trails Wild animals make trails (easiest path easier) Native Americans followed their trails Settlers followed the Native Am trails, built early roads Many of our modern roads are along these same paths

Lesson 52: Road Development in Tennessee Avery Trace Late 1700s - Population growth in TN region created a need for better roads 1787 NC govt ordered a road to be cut from Clinch Mtn (East TN) to Nashville. Guided by longhunter Peter Avery, soldiers built the road, which was at first simply a marked trail. Route was slightly north of current I-40.

Lesson 52: Road Development in Tennessee Walton Road 1794 Govt of the Southwest Territory ordered a road from Kingston to Nashville (south of Avery Trace) Completed in 1801 and officially designated as the Cumberland Turnpike, but popularly called Walton Road, it traversed over one hundred miles of wilderness from Southwest Point to Carthage. The new road was fifteen feet wide and free of stumps. It was to be leveled on the sides of hills and have bridges or causeways built over streams. Mile markers blazed on trees or signs appeared every three miles. Tollgates and stands (inns) were established along the route. (TN Encyclopedia)

Lesson 52: Road Development in Tennessee Natchez Trace 1800 US govt ordered a mail road to be built between Nashville and southern Mississippi Original path was used by migrating animals and Native Americans hunting them Very impt road for trade traders would take boats down the Mississippi River and return by foot on the Natchez Trace It was essentially a wide dirt path with stopping points along the way Natchez Trace scenic parkway

Lesson 52: Road Development in Tennessee Types of Roads Horse trails simple, little low maintenance Wagon trails wider, but still had holes and stumps Stagecoach trails best maintained, carried passengers and mail Male citizens usually had to work on the road for a certain numbers of days each year or pay a fee Turnpikes private pay to use roads (toll roads)

Lesson 52: Road Development in Tennessee From Trail to Modern Highway Many of the roads we use today follow very old paths! Example: Interstate 40 from Memphis to Jackson to Nashville follows an old Chickasaw Trail

Lesson 53: Tennessee Railroads History of Railroads 1820s first railroads used in Europe, Eastern US 1831 Several TN companies tried to develop railroads Early opposition: Proposed lines were short No rail lines in neighboring states Developers of toll roads and steamships opposed railroads Difficult to raise money to build a railroad East TN especially interested (East Coast connections?) Railroad construction was expensive, so businessmen wanted the govt to invest in the rail lines Eventually, the govt did and rail lines began being constructed

Lesson 53: Tennessee Railroads Rail Lines Reach Chattanooga Western and Atlantic Line reached Chattanooga in 1854, crossing the TN river on a wooden bridge Connected Atlanta and Chattanooga for the first time by rail

Lesson 53: Tennessee Railroads The Louisville and Nashville Line 1859 Line completed between Nashville and Louisville KY Helped connect TN with Northern states for trade L&N became an extensive network Nashville and Knoxville weren t directly connected by rail until 1898

Lesson 53: Tennessee Railroads Railroad Lines Reach Memphis 1857 Memphis and Charleston SC line completed (mingling of waters) 1851 Jackson TN was a point on the Mobile and Ohio line Jackson grew rapidly pre-civil war because it was a railroad hub. At least 3 major rail lines went through Jackson. Visit the old depot!

Lesson 53: Tennessee Railroads Early Railroading Pre-civil war locomotives burned wood to boil water to create steam Freight cars made of wood, open passenger cars Depots (train stations) were made of brick (larger cities) or wood (small towns) Most of the state s rail lines were damaged in the civil war

Lesson 54: Early Industry in Tennessee Factories Come to the US If you were a settler How would you get clothes to wear? How would you get tools to use (ex: axe, shovel, etc) You made it! (Or a local person made it, or you traded for it) Factories changed this aspect of life ready made goods made stuff a lot less expensive Called the industrial revolution Changed lifestyles too 8-5 jobs were now available (mostly in cities)

Lesson 54: Early Industry in Tennessee Woolen and Cotton Mills in TN Wool Cotton 1827 Sevierville had a woolen mill in operation 1780 John Donelson planted cotton in Middle TN Woolen mills take wool (from sheep) and process it into thread/cloth 1850 27 woolen mills in the state 1860 TN was important textile producing state 1798 Cotton gin easily separates seeds from fibers 1834 William Lenoir had a cotton mill in Lenoir City. Produced thread and batting 1860 50 cotton mills in TN

Lesson 54: Early Industry in Tennessee Early Tennessee Mining God gave Tennessee rich mineral resources (rocks that can be turned into metal) Chattanooga was primary iron-producing city in the South (1840s, 1850s) TN was leading iron-producing Southern state at the time of the Civil War

Lesson 55: Profile Montgomery Bell Businessman from KY, he bought James Robertson s share of an iron furnace and lots of land with iron ore His wealth grew through iron production (he made the cannonballs used in the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812) Owned 300+ slaves

Lesson 55: Profile Montgomery Bell Had a tunnel dug at the Narrows of the Harpeth River to create a waterfall He used this waterfall to power his iron forge

Lesson 55: Profile Montgomery Bell In his later life, Bell moved to Nashville Became concerned about the future of his slaves He financed the moving of his slaves to the new country of Liberia in West Africa Montgomery Bell State Park in Dickson County is named after him