$ per person per day (2005 PPP) 1.4 Estimated Global Consumption Floor, 1981-2011, and 2030 Target 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Pre- MDGs MDGs SDGs $1.25-a-day basis $1.00-a-day basis Poverty eradication means doubling the lowest household incomes globally in just 15 years after they have stagnated for the last 20-30 years 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Poverty Headcount Ratio, 2011 (%) Poverty Headcount Ratio, 1990 and 2011 (%) 100 80 60 ODCs (Other) 40 ODCs (SSA) 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Poverty Headcount Ratio, 1990 (%) African LDCs + Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs
Poverty Headcount Ratio urban Angola (2008) Benin (2011) Burkina Faso (2009) Burundi (2006) Central African Republic (2008) Chad (2011) Congo, Dem. Rep. (2005) Equatorial Guinea (2006) Ethiopia (2011) Guinea (2012) Guinea-Bissau (2002) Lesotho (2010) Liberia (2007) Madagascar (2010) Malawi (2010) Mali (2010) Mauritania (2008) Mozambique (2009) Niger (2008) Senegal (2011) Sierra Leone (2011) South Sudan (2009) Sudan (2009) Tanzania (2012) Togo (2011) Uganda (2009) Zambia (2010) Comoros (2004) Sao Tome and Principe (2009) Timor-Leste (2007) Afghanistan (2011) Bangladesh (2010) Bhutan (2012) Lao PDR (2012) Nepal (2010) Yemen, Rep. (2005) rural -80-70 -60-50 -40-30 -20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Population without Access to Water urban Angola Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Central African Republic Chad Congo, Dem. Rep. Djibouti Equatorial Guinea (2006= Eritrea (2008) Ethiopia Gambia, The Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Niger Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia (2011) South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Comoros (2010) Kiribati Sao Tome and Principe Solomon Islands Timor-Leste Tuvalu Vanuatu Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Nepal Yemen, Rep. rural -100-50 0 50 100 Population without Access to Electricity urban Angola Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Central African Republic Chad Congo, Dem. Rep. Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia, The Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Niger Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Comoros Kiribati Sao Tome and Principe Solomon Islands Timor-Leste Tuvalu Vanuatu Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Nepal Yemen, Rep. rural -100-50 0 50 100
million rural people gaining access per year Annual net increase in rural access to electricity, water and sanitation, LDCs, 1990 2012 and 2030 target 70 60 50 40 30 20 Pre- MDGs MDGs SDGs water electricity sanitation 10 0 1990-2000 2000-2012 2015-2030
Burkina Faso Ethiopia Madagascar Malawi Mali (S) Mozambique Niger Rwanda Senegal Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia Haiti Bangladesh Bhutan Myanmar Nepal 80 60 40 20 0 Non-Farm % of Rural Income, Various Years since 1983/4 (highest and lowest estimates) But higher non-farm % does not necessarily mean more transformation, because it includes survivalist "entrepreneurship by necessity" as well as dynamic "entrepreneurship by choice"
Statistics Next Slide
Female share of the agricultural labour force, LDCs Findings Labour force Total (Thousands) Share in agriculture (% of total) Female share of agricultural labour force (%) 1980 1995 2010 2014 1980 1995 2010 2014 1980 1995 2010 2014 LDCs 161'032 242'811 368'329 410'983 79 73 66 64 46 47 49 50 African LDCs and Haiti 92'854 142'046 227'337 258'984 82 78 71 69 47 48 49 50 Asian LDCs 67'619 99'936 139'816 150'690 75 66 57 54 43 44 48 49 Island LDCs 559 829 1'176 1'309 76 72 66 64 46 45 47 48 Source: FAOSTAT, Population Statistics (retrieved on 05/05/2015). Female share of the agricultural labour force: total number of women economically active in agriculture divided by the total population economically active in agriculture
Challenges Land Time & mobility constraints Credit Education Genderspecific obstacles Farm inputs Gender gap in agricultural productivity Inhibits growth and diversification potential of the rural economy Markets Extension services Labour
Burkina Faso Gambia Guinea Mali Senegal Ethiopia Haiti Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mozambique Uganda Zambia Bangladesh Myanmar Nepal Comoros Agricultural Landholders by Gender (%) 100 80 60 female male 40 West Africa Other Africa & Haiti Asia Island 20 0
100 Vulnerable Employment, by LDC Regional Groups (%) 80 60 40 Contributing family workers Own-account working Employers Wage and salaried employment 20 0 male female male female male female African LDCs & Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs
100 Gender Wage Gaps in Selected LDCs (%) 80 60 40 20 0 Ethiopia Madgascar Tanzania Nepal Yemen
Findings
Available in:.pdf.xls spreadsheet Downloadable from: www.unctad.org/ldcr Under The Least Developed Countries Report 2015
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