Meets National Standards

Meets National Standards

Editor: Chad Beard and Janice Baker Cover Design: Michele Winkelman Design & Layout: Cecil Anderson Carole Marsh/Gallopade International/Peachtree City, GA 2005 Paperback ISBN: 978-0-635-02688-0 2010 Library Binding ISBN: 978-0-635-07539-0 Permission is hereby granted to the individual purchaser or classroom teacher to reproduce materials in this book for individual or classroom use only. Reproduction of these materials for an entire school or school system is strictly prohibited. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from the publisher. Gallopade is proud to be a member of these educational organizations and associations: The National School Supply and Equipment Association (NSSEA) National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC) Published by G 800-536-2GET www.gallopade.com TM American Booksellers Association (ABA) Museum Store Association (MSA) Publishers Marketing Association (PMA) International Reading Association (IRA) Supporter of Association of Partners for Public Lands (APPL) 1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand: The Beginning of the War Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, accepted an invitation to visit the capital of Bosnia, Ferdinand and family Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina were provinces that had been under Austro-Hungarian control since 1878 by an international agreement. However, in 1908, the Emperor of Austria-Hungary made Bosnia and Herzegovina a part of Austria-Hungary, a move that upset many governments. Serbians were outraged because they wanted the provinces to be part of a new Serbian nation, rather than part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. On June 28, 1914, while riding in the motorcade through the streets of Sarajevo, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were shot and killed. The assassin, Gavrilo Princip, was a member of the Black Hand, a terrorist organization in Serbia. The group killed the Archduke in order to stop the new plans for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The assassination started World War I, which began a month later when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Serbia is part of the Balkan Peninsula. This is a map of the Balkans before World War I. Circle Austria- Hungary in blue. Circle Serbia in red. Peninsula: A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. 8

Taking Sides Or Who Fought Whom? World War I began when Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia. Germany had agreed that if Austria-Hungary went to war, Germany would help them. Many other countries soon joined in because of earlier agreements or treaties. By the time World War I began in 1914, Europe was divided. On one side was the Triple Entente (Triple Agreement), consisting of Russia, France, and Britain. Opposing the Triple Entente was the Triple Alliance, formed in 1882 by Austria- Hungary, Germany, and Italy. The United States and some other countries did not want to fight at first, but later in the war felt as if they had no choice. More than 20 countries eventually joined the Allies (including the United States), but not all of them sent troops. Some provided natural resources, or helped in other ways. The table below shows when each country entered World War I. Which countries entered the war first? Which country entered the war last? Put a C for Central Power or A for Allied Power next to each country. The Allies Belgium August 4, 1914 Brazil October 26, 1917 British Empire August 4, 1914 China August 14, 1917 Costa Rica May 23, 1918 Cuba April 7, 1917 France August 3, 1914 Greece July 2, 1917 Guatemala April 23, 1918 Haiti July 12, 1918 Honduras July 19, 1918 Italy May 23, 1915 Japan August 23, 1914 Liberia August 4, 1917 Montenegro August 5, 1914 Nicaragua May 8, 1918 Panama April 7, 1917 Portugal March 9, 1916 Romania August 27, 1916 Russia August 1, 1914 San Marino June 3, 1915 Serbia July 28, 1914 Siam July 22, 1917 United States April 6, 1917 The Central Powers Austria-Hungary July 28, 1914 Bulgaria October 14, 1915 Germany August 1, 1914 Ottoman Empire October 31, 1914 I m rooting for the Allies! 9

The Frontlines During World War I, a few battles occurred in places such as Palestine, Mesopotamia, and Africa, but the majority of the fighting (and the first and last battles of the war) occurred in Europe. The Western Front: Battles, which occurred here, included Verdun, Ypres and the Somme, as well as the Battles of the Marne. It was called the Western Front because it was Western Europe. Fighting on the Western Front barely moved for 3 1/2 years! The Eastern Front: Fighting on the Eastern Front went back and forth between the Central Powers and Russia until 1917, when a revolution broke out in Russia. Germany secretly supported the revolution, and Russia soon asked for a truce. The Italian Front: Italy joined the war on the side of the Allies, hoping that they would gain more territory after the war. The Gallipoli Front (Also known as the Dardanelles): Fought on the Gallipoli Peninsula on the west shore of the Dardanelles in the Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey). The ANZACs (Australian New Zealand Army Corps) played an important role in this struggle. The War at Sea: Great Britain s control of the seas during World War I caused serious problems for Germany. The British navy blockaded German waters, preventing supplies from reaching German ports. By 1916, Germany suffered a shortage of food and other goods. The largest naval battle was Jutland both Britain and Germany declared themselves winners; Britain lost more ships, but they still controlled the seas. Decide if these statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False. 1. Italy joined World War I on the side of the Central Powers. 2. The Battle of Verdun was fought on the Western Front. 3. The British naval blockade of German waters caused a food shortage in Germany. 4. Britain lost more ships in the naval battle of Jutland. 10