УДК 338.001.36 Akilov Saigid А. An employee of the Ministry of economics and territorial development of the Republic of Dagestan (state employee), Department of macroeconomic analysis and forecasting Master s degree, second course graduate student, Department of Economics, Dagestan State University Bilalova Khadizha A. PhD, chair of foreign languages, Department of Economics, Dagestan State University THE SOCIAL-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN Annotation: This article considers the favorable geopolitical location of the Republic of Dagestan, the wealth of its natural resources, the main trends of the socio-economic development of the republic in the recent years, including in comparison with average Russian indicators. Key words: geostrategic position, resources, gross regional product, industrial production, investments, construction, retail trade turnover, tax and non-tax revenues and others. The area 50,3 thousand sq. km (0,29% of the total area of the Russian Federation). As of January 1, 2017 the population 3 042,1 thousand people (2,1% of the total population of the Russian Federation), including 1 372,0 thousand people of city population and 1 670,1 thousand people of rural population. Population density 60,5 men per sq. km. Capital the city of Makhachkala. Administrative structure 10 urban districts, 42 municipal districts. The number of settlements 706 (8 urban, 698 rural). The largest cities Makhachkala, Khasavyurt, Derbent. The distance from Makhachkala to Moscow 2 166 km.
Dagestan is the southern region of Russia, which occupies a special geostrategic position in Eurasia. In the north it has borders with the Republic of Kalmykia, in the north-west with the Stavropol Territory, in the west with the Republic of Chechnya. In the east almost 540 km of its territory borders the Caspian Sea forming the maritime boundary with the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Turkmenistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Along the Dividing Range of the Greater Caucasus the republic borders the Republic of Georgia and the Republic of Azerbaijan in the south. Dagestan is the most multinational region of the Russian Federation, in which representatives of more than 100 nationalities reside including 30 indigenous peoples. The lingua franca is Russian, the state language of the Russian Federation. The land resources of the republic are very limited: shortage of land and patchiness are common with Dagestan. On the plain there a lot of «problem» lands approximately 300 hectares are solonets and salt marshes, the similar amount is sands, partially fixed with herbage and shrubs, and about 200 thousand hectares are waterlogged (the overflow land of such rivers as Terek, Kuma, Sulak and Aktas).
The Republic of Dagestan has plenty of water available with 4 320 rivers, including 4 major river basins: Terek, Sulak with Koisu Avar, Andi Koisu, Qazi Kumukh Koisu and Kara Kois, Samur River and foothill rivers. The Republic of Dagestan has such core mineral resources as oil, gas, and oil shale, solid mineral raw materials (ores of non-ferrous metals and non-metallic mineral raw materials limestone, marl, gravel, sand, clay, etc.). There are international transport corridors through the territory of Dagestan: «East West» and «North South». They include the major federal highway «Kavkaz» and the railway Moscow Rostov-on-Don Makhachkala Baku, as well as the highway Armavir Budyonnovsk Kochubey Makhachkala and the railway Moscow Volgograd Astrakhan Kochubey Makhachkala. They link the territory of the republic into a single transport and economic space with economically developed regions and business centers of the Russian Federation and the CIS. One of the key objects of the North Caucasus transport infrastructure is Makhachkala Commercial Sea Port, the only ice-free Russian port on the Caspian Sea, favorably located in the area of the international transport corridors «North South» and «East West». The International airport of Makhachkala is located at about 15 km from the city of Makhachkala. It is of strategic importance for cost-effective bearing transit transportation burden. There is a main cross-republic oil pipeline, «Baku Novorossiysk» and three main gas pipelines «Makat North Caucasus», «Mozdok Kazimagomed», «Kumli Aksai».
The social-economic development of the Republic of Dagestan in recent years has been characterized by a positive dynamics of the growth rates in the main macroeconomic indicators. In 2016, the growth rates of industrial production, investment, construction, retail trade turnover, tax and non-tax revenues exceeded the average values for the whole of Russia and the North Caucasus Federal District. In order to ensure the growth of basic economic and social indicators in the difficult economic and financial situation in the country, there have been implemented a number of measures aimed at the development of the republic s economy and social sphere. In recent years there has been an increase of the main socio-economic indicators of the republic. The index of output for basic economic activities amounted to 107,8% in 2016. The gross regional product increased by 2,7% to 612,0 billion rubles (estimated). The industrial production index of the Republic of Dagestan was 135,2% in 2016 (in the Russian Federation 101,3%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 107,5%). The volume of domestic goods shipped and services (by its own labor force) amounted to 54,4 billion rubles, or 17,9 thousand rubles per capita. It is 20,2 and 3,2 times less than the average figure across the Russian Federation and North Caucasus Federal District respectively.
The republic has 20% of the total Russian production of cognac (brandy). The favorable natural conditions of the republic led to the priority development of agriculture, specializing in viticulture, horticulture, vegetable growing. Sheep and goat meat and wool production is highly developed. The profit made from selling agricultural produce for 2016 amounted to 113,4 billion rubles, or 37,4 thousand rubles per capita which is comparable with the average figure in the Russian Federation (37,5 thousand rubles per capita). The rate of agricultural output amounted to 104,5% (in the Russian Federation 104,8%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 106,1%). The volume of the investments in fixed assets from all funding sources in 2016 amounted to 209,8 billion rubles and increased to 2015 by 0,8% (in the Russian Federation 99,1%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 96,3%). The per capita volume in the republic accounted for 69,3 thousand rubles which is 1,4 times less than the average index in the Russian Federation. The amount of work completed in construction amounted to 133,4 billion rubles, or 104,0% in 2015 (in the Russian Federation 97,8%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 99,7%). The housing standard per man in 2016 amounted to 18,7 sq. m (in the Russian Federation 24,4 sq. m, in the North Caucasian Federal District 20,3 sq. m).
Retail trade turnover in 2016 amounted to 659,3 billion rubles, in comparison with the previous year it grew by 0,1% (in the Russian Federation 95,4%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 97,1%). The volume of paid services rendered to the population through all trade channels amounted to 109,1 billion rubles in lots, or 97,0% compared to the previous year (in the Russian Federation 100,7%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 100,7%). The revenues of the consolidated budget for the Republic of Dagestan in 2016 came to a sum of 98,1 billion rubles (108,3% compared to 2015, in the Russian Federation 106,2%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 105,3%). The share of the tax and non-tax revenues in the total consolidated budget of the Republic of Dagestan made up 34,1%. During 2016 the number of small businesses in the country amounted to 7,4 thousand units having increased by 3,2% compared to the previous year. There had been some 72,7 individual entrepreneurs registered in the republic by the beginning of 2016. The number of small businesses per 1000 men in the republic is 2,5, however, the index value is significantly less than the average in the Russian Federation and in the North Caucasus Federal District (14,4 and 5,5 respectively). The turnover of small enterprises amounted to 258,9 billion rubles or 104,6% in 2015.
The real disposable income of the population increased by 0,5% (in the Russian Federation 94,1%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 96,2%), the average monthly pay per employee increased by 7,2% (in the Russian Federation 107,8%, in the North Caucasus Federal District 107,9%) and amounted to 20 629,3 rubles. The average monthly pay per employee in the republic is 1,8 and 1,1 times lower than in the Russian Federation and in the North Caucasus Federal District respectively and so it ranks last among all the Russian Federation regions. According to the research of the International Labor Organization the unemployment rate among the economically active population of the republic increased from 10,8% to 10,9%. The registered unemployment decreased from 2,1% to 2,0%. It is higher than the Russian average index in 2016 (the North Caucasus Federal District 3,2%, the Russian Federation 1,2%). The proportion of students in educational institutions, engaged in the first shift is 71,5% and the share of children in preschool educational institutions is 27,9%. The availability of hospital beds, doctors and medical staff to 10 000 men is 68,0; 36,7 and 85,5 respectively). The provision with sports facilities is 25,3% and the proportion of the population regularly engaged in sports is 34,5%.
Bibliography list: 1. Analytical and tabular materials of the Ministry of economics and territorial Development of the Republic of Dagestan; 2. Annual statistical bulletins; 3. Official site of Dagestanstat www.gks.ru