5.1 Do you know? HISTORY OF TOURISM Description Image Source The development of the Olympic Games after 776 BC did Medlik, Slavoj. Dictionary provide a vital stimulus for tourism based upon a major of travel, tourism and sporting event. Greeks travelled to the site of the Olympic hospitality. Routledge, Games and were housed in tented encampments, creating a tourism event. 2012. The Grand Tour was a traveller s circuit of key destinations Medlik, Slavoj. Dictionary and places to visit in Europe, mainly by the wealthy, of travel, tourism and aristocratic and privileged classes in pursuit of culture, hospitality. Routledge, education and pleasure. The origins of such tours can be 2012. discerned in those elements of Roman society that travelled to Greece in pursuit of culture and education. As a form of tourism, it reached its peak in the eighteenth century. In 1822, Robert Smart of Bristol, England, announced himself as the first steamship agent. He began booking passengers on www.h-net.org/~travel steamers to various Bristol Channel ports and to Dublin, Ireland. In 1841, Thomas Cook began running a special excursion train from Leicester to Loughborough (in England), a trip of 12 Principles, practices, miles. On July 5 of that year, Cook s train carried 570 philosophies / Charles R. passengers at a round-trip price of 1 shilling per passenger Goeldner, J.R. Brent Ritchie. 10th ed. Railways were first built in England in 1825 and carried passengers beginning in 1830. The newly completed railway between Liverpool and Manchester featured special provisions for passengers Withey, Lynne. Grand Tours and Cook's Tours: A history of leisure travel, 1750 to 1915. William Morrow, 1997. 5.2 Timeline Time Line Image (if required) Description 2600 years ago For generations, travelers have flocked to the Great Wall of China. At least 2600 years old and some 3946 miles long, it is the only man-made structure on earth visible to the naked eye from the moon During the Roman Empire travel developed for military, trade and political reasons, as well as for communication of 27 BC to AD 476 messages from the central government to its distant territories. Origin of the tourism may be traced during period of Alexander the Great from 365 to 323 B.C. Travel was also necessary for the artisans and architects imported to design and construct the great palaces and tombs. In ancient Greece, people traveled to Olympic Games. Both the participants and spectators required accommodations and food services. Wealthy Romans, in ancient times, traveled to seaside resorts in Greece and
Egypt for sightseeing purpose. AD 500 to 1400 During the Middle Age, there was a growth of travel for religious reasons. It had become an organized phenomenon for pilgrims to visit their holy land, such as Muslims to Mecca, and Christians to Jerusalem and Rome 14 th to 17 th Century Renaissance of cultural movement in Europe witnessed powerful movement of learning arts, architecture, culture and education 18the Century In the late 17 th and 18th Century, the Grand Tour was a kind of education for wealthy British noblemen. Robert Smart of Bristol, England, announced himself as the first steamship agent. He began booking passengers on steamers to various Bristol Channel ports and to Dublin, Ireland in 1822. Railways were first introduced in 1825 in England and the first train started between Liverpool and Manchester. In 1841, Thomas Cook began running a special excursion train from Leicester to Loughborough (in England), a trip of 12 miles. On July 5 of that year, Cook s train carried 570 passengers at a round-trip price of 1 shilling per passenger. This is believed to be the first publicly advertised excursion train. Thus, Cook can rightfully be recognized as the first rail excursion agent; his pioneering efforts were eventually copied widely in all parts of the world. Cook s company grew rapidly, providing escorted tours to the Continent and later to the United States and around the world. The company continues to be one of the world s largest travel organizations. 19 th Century 1908 Henry Ford introduces the famous Model T automobile. 1918 Deutsche Lufthansa provides the first scheduled air passenger service from Berlin to Leipzig and Weimar. World War I (1914-1918) North American rich people started taking tours for fashionable recreation and entertainment in Europe. Jeena & Company may be the first Indian travel agency business established by J.N. katagra in Mumbai in 1920. In 1930 s paid holidays become popular in Britain and France. Development of automobile gave birth to new tourism development. 1918 Deutsche Lufthansa provides the first scheduled air passenger service from Berlin to Leipzig and Weimar. 1944 The American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA) is founded from the American Society of Steamship Agents. 1945 End of World War II and the beginning of the era of mass tourism. 1951 Founding of Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) in Honolulu, Hawaii. 1951 Travel Agents Association of India was established in Mumbai.
1963 The SITA World Travel (India) Ltd. Was established by Inder Sharma 5.3 Glossary Starting Character Term Definition Related Term A Affinity group Affinity group Members of an organization formed for Members purposes other than travel, such as a school, firm or club, who get together to travel as a group and are then eligible for special group air fares. Air transport A system of air transportation in which local airports offer air transportation to a central airport where longdistance flights are available A Automobile A passenger vehicle designed for operation on ordinary roads and generally having four wheels and a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. B Business Class A class of transport, usually airline, service between first and economy class, i.e., less expensive than the former and more comfortable than the latter, with various special amenities. C Carrier Any person or organization that undertakes the conveyance of goods and/or people for hire C Cultural tourism Holidays or tours essentially motivated by cultural interests, such as trips and visits to historical sites and monuments, museums and galleries, artistic performances and festivals, as well as lifestyles of communities. C Colosseum An ancient amphitheatre in Rome built about 75-80 AD G Grand Tour Tour taken by aristocratic and privileged classes in pursuit of culture, education and pleasure. The origins of such tours can be discerned in those elements of Roman society that travelled to Greece in pursuit of culture and education. Pilgrimage a journey made to sacred place as an act of religious I Industrial Revolution Period devotion This period turned most people away from basic agriculture into the town / factory and urban way of life. As a result, there was a rapid growth of the wealth and education level of the middle class, as well as an increase of leisure time and a demand for holiday tourism activities O Olympic Games The development of the Olympic Games after 776 BC did provide a vital stimulus for tourism based upon a major sporting event. Greeks travelled to the site of the Olympic Games and were housed in tented Motor coach
encampments, creating a tourism event. R Renaissance The period of the great revival of art, architecture, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century. W Waterways a river, canal, or other body of water serving as a route of travel or transport 5.4 Web links Web links www.h-net.org/~travel http://www.tourismcaresfortomorrow. Org http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/tourism http://www.hospitality-1st.com http://www.nationaltrust.org http://www.britannica.com/topic/tourism http://www.tourismofindia.com/ff/history.htm http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/the-history-of-tourism http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/3/300.long 5.5 Bibliography Suggested Reading Cooper C et al, Tourism Principles and Practices, (2 nd Edn), Prentice Hall, Singapore, 1998 Goelden C.R and Ritchie J.R.B., Tourism : Principles, Practices, Philosophies, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey,2003 Jafar Jafari, (Chief Editor), Encyclopedia of Tourism, Routledge, 2003, Cornwell. Leiper, N., Tourism Management, 3 rd Edn. Pearson Education, Australia, 2004. Weaver.D. and Lawton, L., Tourism Management, John Wiley & Sons, Australia, 2006. Goelden C.R and Ritchie J.R.B., Tourism : Principles, Practices, Philosophies, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey,2003 Jafar Jafari, (Chief Editor), Encyclopedia of Tourism, Routledge, 2003, Cornwell.
Cooper, Chris. Classic Reviews in Tourism. Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications, 2003 Towner, John. Approaches to Tourism History. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 47 62, 1988. National Geographic. Peoples and Places of the Past: The National Geographic Illustrated Cultural Atlas of the Ancient World. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1983. Elsner, Jaś, and Joan Pau Rubiés. Voyages and visions: towards a cultural history of travel. Reaktion Books, 1999. Coltman, Michael M. Introduction to travel and tourism. An international approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989.