UAV - D A CH Industrial UAV Task Force Working Group for Frequency Allocation for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Spectrum Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Dr.- Ing. Uwe G. Hingst uwe.hingst@diehl-bgt-defence.de DIEHL-BGT-Defence Research & Development Überlingen / Germany 1
NATIONAL UAV-PROGRAMMES* EADS EuroHawk UMAS/URAV DBD Predator-B Sensocopter RDE KZO / Taifun Stemme S-10, S-15 EMT Luna, Aladin OHB CONDOR (S-10) ------------------------------------------- Schiebel (A) Camcopter S-100 RUAG (CH) Ranger *) no comprehensive collection 2
UAV-Mil. & Civil APPLICATIONS Military Reconnaissance/Surveill. Civil Surveillance & Monitoring: Sea, Coast and Borders Forest Fires, Floodings, Dikes Pipelines & Railways Fishery-Control, Oilwasting Search & Rescue Flights Catastrophic Disaster Monitoring Environmental Control / Pollution Communication / Relaisstation Keep Crew off Danger Homeland Security / Anti-terrorism Monit. of Mass Events (Pope, OG) The tasks are growing with the different types and increasing numbers of UAVs! 3
UAV DATA-LINK PATHES Satellite Relay- Station not incl. Sense & Avoid MALE/HALE-UAV Relay-Station Command & Control (C²I) Sensory-Data Broadband Air Traffic Control (ATC/ATM) Ground Control Station (Remote Pilot & Operator) 4
UAS DATA-LINK PERFORM. REQUIREM. A. UAS Command & Control: B. Air Traffic Management (ATM): Steering of the UAV, a/o Direct Voice Channel to ATC: C&C of Automatic System GCS UAV ATC [or directly] Aircraft Control Functions & Indirect: UAV as Relay-Station(s) Avionic Information Supply SATCOM (Time increm.!) Detect, Sense & Avoid (S&A) Non-cooper. Systems [Optical] C. Payload Performance D-L: Coop. Systems [TCAS, ADS-B] Data-Transfer (BB-DL) [alternatively] EO/IR-Sensory (Video) Radar (SAR / Video) C&C of UAV-Payloads [Special Deliveries (milit.)] 5
UAS-FREQUENCY REQUIREMENTS UAV-Scenario: Operational Range: >300 km (HALE/MALE >>300 km) For greater Ranges (BLOS) UAS-Operations via SATCOM Simultan. operation of 20 UAV-Systems [600 km ] is possible Data-Link must be Safe & Secure [OAT-Protected] Data Flow for one UAV/UAS: Data-Link for EO/IR & SAR Payload-Sensordata (Broadband) Down-Link Bandwidth 10... 548 Mb/s Up-Link Bandwidth 0.7... 1 Mb/s (Assumption 1bit 1Hz) Up- & Downlink Command & Control for UAS (Narrowband) Total Bandwidth 700 khz... 10 MHz for C³I including ATC [9.6 kb/s], S&A [10 kb/s], C² [50 kb/s], etc. and a Spreadfactor of 10 for Anti-Jamming -Safety & Security. Redundancy of Data-Link(s) must be considered separately! P R O B L E M 6
UAS Spectrum Allocation Requirements I UAV-Frequency Problems: 1. Multiplicator: One UAS consists often out of several oper. UAVs, which will be commanded over one or more mobile ground control stations (GCS). 2. Multiplicator: Within each nation a lot of effort is provided for the development & introduction of different Types of [state] UAV-Systems. 3. Multiplicator: In future also the civil side (Governments, Police, etc.) will use/operate special or derived civil UAV-systems (Synergy-Effect)! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Especially from military sides are demands for a lot of frequencies at short-sight for several UAVs & -Types (mainly for HALE&MALE UAVs). Therewith in a very short time internationally valid sets of frequencies in relation to the (WRC03) Agenda Item 1.5 and 1.6 are requested! 7
UAS Spectrum Allocation Requirements II THE REQUESTED GENERAL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM ALLO- CATIONS MUST BE CONFORMAL WITH THE FOLLOWING ITEMS: SAFE SECURE REDUNDANT BROADBAND LONG RANGE HW-Technology (Distance to other frequ.-allocat.) (No terrorist s attacks possible) (Sufficently high reliability) (For real time video transmissions) (High transmission power) (COTS-HW availability required) 8
UAS-SPECTRA SEARCH & DEFINITION Spectrum Allocation Problems: For civil applications normally all frequ. spectra are occupied! For military purposes usable spectra are strongly limited! For HALEs & MALES internationally valid frequencies requested For longe range applications high transmission power needed For C³I Broadband Safe & Secure Frequencies are required Data-Link Spectra Search Ranges: Military Application: 4,400 4,900 MHz Civil Application: Refer.: ITU-R WRC07 Preparatory Process [UVS UAV-HDBK] 5,250 5,850 MHz 3,400 4,200 MHz 5,030 5,090 MHz 22.5 25.5 GHz 27.0 GHz [HW availability?] P R O B L E M 9
UAS-CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT For the Airworthiness Certification and Usage of UAS within the non-segregated international IFR/VFR Airspace & within the Frequency Region 1 [or worldwide], it is absolutely necessary, that 1. defined, safe & secure frequencies are allocated for CC of any UAS from & to the Pilots at the Ground Control Stations, that 2. for the execution of the payload tasks for each UAV extreme broad-band telemetry-frequencies must be provided and that 3. last not least aeronautical transmitter & reveiver HW [COTS] in the foreseen frequency-spectrum must be available. 10
UAS Spectrum Allocation Requirements III THE REQUESTED GENERAL FREQUENCY SPECTRUM ALLO- CATIONS MUST BE CONSIDERED & PROVIDED BY THE: World Radio Conference 2007 Spectra as Interims Solution, or [minimal] A.I. 1.6. Command & Control [AM(R)S] A.I. 1.5. Video Telemetry (for Payload) World Radio Conference 2011 A.I. 7.2. Final UAS Spectrum Allocation Support from all National Delegates requested! 11
UAS Spectrum Allocation Activities National Chain & Support towards WRC07: BNetzA Herr Martin Weber BMVBS Herr Werner Kleine-Beek BMWi Herr Alexander Kühn / Frau Warmbold NARFA OTL B. Edelmann, Maj. Günther, Hr. Pawlowski NATO OTL D. Poplawski / GEAR International Support Network: Frankreich Italien Niederlande England Schweden Russland Finnland Süd-Afrika Spanien USA (Region 2) Schweiz Ukraine Österreich 12
National & Intern.- UAV Market-Situation Within the different global aircraft industries the development and manufacturing of UAS is at the moment an important & strongly growing [billion] Market, which at the long term saves employment and creates new workmanship, is a replacement for the shrinking market of military manned A/Cs, retains the proper knowledge within the national industries and holds & enlarges the actual technological progress. But: Without safe and secure frequencies no UAS will be certified and therewith cannot fly neither in the segregated nor in the non-segregated National [VFR/IFR] Airspace System [NAS]! Questions? 13