To Helen Edgar Allen Poe Helen, the beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore That gently, o er a perfumed sea, The weary, wayworn wanderer bore To his own native shore On desperate seas long wont to roam, Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face, Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece, And the grandeur that was Rome.
Greece The Glory That Was Greece
The Land of Greece Situated in southern Europe Mountains Valleys Harbors Hundreds of tiny islands Located on a Peninsula Surrounded by Aegean, Med., Ionian Sea Peninsula called Peloponnesus
Geography Mild climate Island of Crete Only a few natural resources Bauxite, iron ore, coal Very Mountainous Brought about City-States Some crops Barley, wheat, olives, and grapes
The People of Greece Spent much time outdoors Seafarers and traders Easier to go by boat than cross the mountains Some farmers Limited by lack of good soil
Dark Age of Greece Before the Classical period Very few records kept Mountains divided the regions Called city-states Like a family Same customs, ancestors, same language Ruled by a king Called a monarchy
Dark Age of Greece Two great city-states Athens Greece Created a new government Oligarchy Rule by the few The Few = the rich upper class
Greece Expands City-states began to expand by conquering colonies Greeks became discontent with oligarchy Change happened in Athens Individuals rose to power Called tyrants» Wanted lower classes to live better In 500 B.C. Athens created a democracy
Athenian Democracy Democracy comes from the Greek word meaning power of the people Created an Assembly All males over 18 attended meetings Listened to leaders and voted Citizens now had a say in government Became most successful government in the ancient world
Sparta Remained an oligarchy Had one goal Maintain a strong military Life was much more rigid No advances in literature, art, etc. Forbidden in Sparta
Childhood in Sparta Baby boys were taken to ruler If strong - allowed to live If weak - left in countryside to die Spartans only wanted strong males for the army Boys stayed at home until he was 7 Army took him for training
Spartan Training Boys placed in packs Little to eat or wear Expected to do whatever they could to survive At age 20, men were allowed to marry But could not live at home with wife Had to train for ten more years Pain and hardship made a good soldier
Women in Greece Women in Greece were not allowed to vote or participate in government Women of Athens Led sheltered lives Left house only for special occasions Only with servants Women of Sparta Received physical training like the men Taught their children loyalty and bravery
Return With Your Shield Or On It
War in Greece Persian invaded in 4th century B.C. Persians wanted powerful city-states The Greeks fought for 10 years Decisive battle at Salamis Bay Greeks burned 200 of 350 Persian ships Greeks finally drove out the Persian army The war left Greece in ruins
Greek Society Center of Athens was the marketplace Called the agora Made up of open aired porches Food brought in from farms Sold items brought in by traders Included schools, government buildings People talked philosophy
Pericles Famous leader of democracy in Athens Great orator Loved Athens Wanted to rebuild Acropolis Destroyed by Xerxes Helped make Athens into a great city This time period is called the age of Pericles Because of his impact on Athens
Religion in Greece Believed in many different gods gods were not much different than humans Same bodies and emotions Greeks made up stories about the gods Called myths Wanted to make the gods powerful
The Parthenon Enormous temple made of white marble Surrounded by 46 columns Dedicated to Athena The goddess of wisdom Used for many purposes in history Greek gods, Christians, Muslims, for military storage
Education in Athens Only the rich boys went to school Accompanied by a pedagogue Servant to make sure child behaved Started at age 6 and ended at age 14 Studied writing, grammar, music, sports Wrote using a stylus and tablets Used an abacus to teach math
Music Education Considered the greatest of all arts Apollo was the god of music Pictured with a Lyre A small harp Believed the Musses presided over the arts A group of nine goddesses Each god had a specialty The aulus was an important instrument A type of flute Memorized and sang Illiad and the Odyssey
Athletics in Greece Term athlete comes from the Greeks Spent hours in school running, jumping, wrestling, boxing Held special festivals to honor gods Athletes from all of Greece came to the city The first Olympic games Held in Olympia
Greek Philosophy Philosopher means Lover of wisdom Many famous philosophers Socrates Asked thought provoking questions Believer in democracy Right thinking would lead to right actions Plato Wrote dialogues Best government run by few intelligent men Believed in spiritual world
Aristotle Science was most important subject Came up with scientific method Taught that reason controls behavior Many other scholars Archimedes Mathematician who perfected lever and pulleys Euclid - wrote the first geometry book Pythagoras - theorem about triangles Eratosthenes - drew lines of longitude and latitude
Many other scholars Archimedes Mathematician who perfected lever and pulleys Euclid - wrote the first geometry book Pythagoras - theorem about triangles Eratosthenes - drew lines of longitude and latitude Calculated circumference of earth Aristarchus - universe was sun centered Hippocrates - Father of Medicine Herodotus - Father of History
Classical Greek Art Tried to make their work perfect Represent ideal person Expressed Greek love of beauty and harmony
Classical Drama Perfected the drama Acted in amphitheaters 2 types of Greek Drama Tragedy - used to instruct Comedy - used to entertain
Spread of Greek Culture Most Greece was united after Persian War Sparta was threatened by alliance Fought in Peloponnesian War Sparta won the war Did not rule well Defeated by Phillip II of Macedonia
Rise of Alexander Phillip died after two years His son Alexander took over Wanted to unite all of world under one rule Spread Greek empire from India to Persia Earned name Alexander the Great
Spread of Greece Culture All of world was turning Greek Adopted Greek philosophy Learned knowledge from Greek scholars Greek became common language of world