House Prices. House Prices in America: 4 th Quarter 2008 Update. Summary. Recent Evidence on House Prices

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1 House Prices in America: 4 th Quarter 2008 Update Summary House price depreciation accelerated sharply and became more widespread during the fourth quarter of Nationally, prices declined at a 13.0% annualized pace, and fell 9.9% below their 2007 peak. In terms of breadth, prices declined in 302 of 330 metropolitan areas studied, which is up from 222 areas during the third quarter. While 92% of metro areas are now experiencing price declines, the severity of the contraction continues to be greatest in the Southwest and Southeast. Extreme overvaluation is now essentially nonexistent. Only Atlantic City, New Jersey met our definition for extreme overvaluation during the fourth quarter, a sharp contrast to 2005 when 52 metro areas were judged to be extremely overvalued. For the country as a whole, the housing market is slightly undervalued. When the 330 metro areas are weighted by market value, the nation is 8.4% undervalued. When weighted by housing units, the nation is 10.2% undervalued. Only the Pacific Northwest remains overvalued across a wide region. And the protracted declines in 17 metros in California and Florida have now resulted in their undervaluation. Recent Evidence on House Prices House price declines accelerated during the fourth quarter of 2008, falling at a 13.0% annualized pace, according to the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). The rate of decline in the fourth quarter was the greatest in this housing cycle, and exceeded the fastest rates of appreciation in the bubble years of 2004 and From its peak in the spring of 2007, the nationwide average price is now down 9.9%. The number of declining metro markets was up sharply, to 302 in the fourth quarter, easily exceeding the previous high of 266 in the first quarter of These rapid declines in the fourth quarter coincided with the deepening recession and the Wall Street crash. Though the overhang of unsold inventory of homes remains high and mortgage credit conditions tight, home prices were propelled further downward by a collapse in consumer confidence, and job losses which numbered nearly two million in the fourth quarter. Statewide average home price declines for 2008 exceeded 20% in the four sand states (Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada) and exceeded 10% in four others Maryland, Michigan, Georgia, and Virginia. Detroit joined 40 sand state metros with 2008 declines in excess of 20%. Home prices declined by more than 10% in nineteen metros in the fourth quarter, and by more than 5% in 110 metros. Price in five metros in California's Central Valley have now declined to less than one-half their peaks this decade; 38 other metros have seen falls in excess of 30%. Overall, 119 metros, more than one third of all metro areas, have seen home prices decline by more than 10%. The sharp price declines in California have now pushed San Francisco out of the top spot in a ranking of home values across metro areas, and Honolulu, HI has regained the number one position it last held in Percent House Prices quarterly change change from year-ago Source: FHFA quarterly changes shown at seasonally adjusted annual rate 09 IHS Global Insight / PNC Financial Services Group Page 1 of 3 March 2009

2 House Prices in America: 4 th Quarter 2008 Update House Price Appreciation: Fourth Quarter, 2008 (Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate) < -10% -10% to -5% -5% to 0 0 to 5% > 5% House Price s Our approach to determining statistically normal house values considers not only house prices and interest rates, but household incomes, population densities, and any historical premiums or discounts metropolitan areas have exhibited over time. We examined these factors for 330 metro areas, which now account for 78% of all existing housing units in America and 91% of all related real estate value, to determine what house prices should be, in this statistical sense. Based on an historical examination of 155 actual metro area price corrections during the period, we consider valuations in excess of +35 percent as extremely overvalued and present a risk of substantial price decline (10 percent, or greater) going forward. s between ±14 percent are consistent with one standard deviation of the historically normal distribution, and considered fairly valued, accordingly. Between extremely overvalued and fairly valued are areas above the historically normal range, but not so high as to be at risk of substantial price decline. We call these areas overvalued. Finally, any area below the historically normal range, below -14 percent, is considered undervalued. According to our latest analysis, the incidence of extreme overvaluation has become negligible. Only 1 market met the criteria during the fourth quarter: Atlantic City, New Jersey, which itself saw a price decline of 7.5% in That compares to 4 extremely overvalued markets during the third quarter of 2008, and 52 metros during the peak of extreme overvaluation in the fourth quarter of The markets that are still overvalued remain mostly in the Pacific Northwest, extending through Idaho and Utah. Southern metros, especially in Texas, have remained generally undervalued. The most significant changes in valuation have occurred in those metros in California and Florida, with many going from extremely overvalued to under-valued in a two year span as prices have plummeted. IHS Global Insight / PNC Financial Services Group Page 2 of 3 March 2009

3 House Prices in America: 4 th Quarter 2008 Update Downward pressure on prices in these metros is clearly magnified by the huge amount of foreclosures and other short sales. Another way of measuring the degree of overvaluation is to weight each of the 330 metro areas by their share of the total and then construct a composite measure. We do this in two ways. When weighting each area by its share of total housing market value, we find that the overall housing market is now undervalued by 8.4%. That compares with a peak overvaluation of 24.7% during the second quarter of When weighting each area by its share of total housing market units, we find the overall housing market to now be undervalued 10.2%. That compares with a peak overvaluation of 16.0%, also during the second quarter of Percent Composite Over/Under weighted by units weighted by value Based on a weighted average of 330 metro areas 08 House Price : Fourth Quarter, 2008 Undervalued Fairly Valued Overvalued Extremely Overvalued For a variety of reasons, these metrics will change slightly with periodic updates to the analysis. For an explanation, see House Prices in America: Methodology Update,. IHS Global Insight / PNC Financial Services Group Page 3 of 3 March 2009

4 House Prices in America: Update APPENDIX A: Metropolitan Area House s Alphabetical Ranking March 2009

5 Price 2004Q4 2005Q4 2006Q4 2007Q4 Price Price Price Price Price Abilene, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Akron, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Albany, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Albany, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Albuquerque, NM $ $ $ $ $ $ Alexandria, LA $ $ $ $ $ $ Allentown, PA-NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Amarillo, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Ames, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Anchorage, AK $ $ $ $ $ $ Anderson, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Anderson, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Ann Arbor, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Appleton, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Asheville, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Athens, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Atlanta, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Atlantic City, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Auburn, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Augusta, GA-SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Austin, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Bakersfield, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Baltimore, MD $ $ $ $ $ $ Bangor, ME $ $ $ $ $ $ Barnstable, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Baton Rouge, LA $ $ $ $ $ $ Battle Creek, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Bay City, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Beaumont, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Bellingham, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Bend, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Bethesda, MD $ $ $ $ $ $ Billings, MT $ $ $ $ $ $ Binghamton, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Birmingham, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Bismarck ND $ $ $ $ $ $ Blacksburg, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Bloomington, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Bloomington-Normal, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Boise City, ID $ $ $ $ $ $ Boston-Quincy, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Boulder, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Q3 2008Q4

6 Bowling Green, KY $ $ $ $ $ $ Bremerton, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Bridgeport, CT $ $ $ $ $ $ Brunswick, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Buffalo, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Burlington, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Burlington, VT $ $ $ $ $ $ Cambridge-Framingham, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Camden, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Canton, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Cape Coral-Fort Meyers, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Carson City, NV $ $ $ $ $ $ Casper, WY $ $ $ $ $ $ Cedar Rapids, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Champaign, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Charleston, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Charleston, WV $ $ $ $ $ $ Charlotte, NC-SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Charlottesville, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Chattanooga, TN-GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Cheyenne, WY $ $ $ $ $ $ Chicago, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Chico, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Cleveland, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ College Station-Bryan, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Colorado Springs, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Columbia, MO $ $ $ $ $ $ Columbia, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Columbus, GA-AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Columbus, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Columbus, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Corpus Christi, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Corvallis, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Dallas, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Dalton, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Davenport-Moline, IA-IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Dayton, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Decatur, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Decatur, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Deltona-Daytona Beach, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Denver, CO $ $ $ $ $ $

7 Des Moines, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Detroit, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Dover, DE $ $ $ $ $ $ Dubuque, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Duluth, MN-WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Durham, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Eau Claire, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Edison, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ El Paso, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Elkhart, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Erie, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Essex County, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Eugene, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Evansville, IN-KY $ $ $ $ $ $ Fairbanks, AK $ $ $ $ $ $ Fargo, ND-MN $ $ $ $ $ $ Farmington, NM $ $ $ $ $ $ Fayetteville, AR-MO $ $ $ $ $ $ Fayetteville, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Flagstaff, AZ $ $ $ $ $ $ Flint, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Florence, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Fond du Lac, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Fort Collins, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Fort Lauderdale, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Fort Smith, AR-OK $ $ $ $ $ $ Fort Walton Beach, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Fort Wayne, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Fort Worth, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Fresno, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Gainesville, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Gainesville, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Gary, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Grand Junction, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Grand Rapids, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Greeley, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Green Bay, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Greensboro-High Point, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Greenville, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Greenville, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Gulfport-Biloxi, MS $ $ $ $ $ $ Hagerstown, MD-WV $ $ $ $ $ $

8 Hanford, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Harrisburg, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Harrisonburg, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Hartford, CT $ $ $ $ $ $ Hattiesburg, MS $ $ $ $ $ $ Hickory, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Holland, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Honolulu, HI $ $ $ $ $ $ Houma, LA $ $ $ $ $ $ Houston, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Huntington, WV-KY-OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Huntsville, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Idaho Falls, ID $ $ $ $ $ $ Indianapolis, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Iowa City, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Ithaca, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Jackson, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Jackson, MS $ $ $ $ $ $ Jacksonville, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Janesville, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Jefferson City, MO $ $ $ $ $ $ Joplin, MO $ $ $ $ $ $ Kalamazoo, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Kankakee, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Kansas City, MO-KS $ $ $ $ $ $ Kennewick, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Killeen, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Kingston, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Knoxville, TN $ $ $ $ $ $ Kokomo, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ La Crosse, WI-MN $ $ $ $ $ $ Lafayette, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Lafayette, LA $ $ $ $ $ $ Lake Charles, LA $ $ $ $ $ $ Lake-Kenosha, IL-WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Lakeland, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Lancaster, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Lansing, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Las Cruces, NM $ $ $ $ $ $ Las Vegas, NV $ $ $ $ $ $ Lawrence, KS $ $ $ $ $ $

9 Lebanon, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Lewiston, ME $ $ $ $ $ $ Lexington, KY $ $ $ $ $ $ Lima, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Lincoln, NE $ $ $ $ $ $ Little Rock, AR $ $ $ $ $ $ Logan, UT-ID $ $ $ $ $ $ Longview, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Longview, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Los Angeles, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Louisville, KY-IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Lubbock, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Lynchburg, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Macon, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Madera, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Madison, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Manchester-Nashua, NH $ $ $ $ $ $ Mansfield, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ McAllen, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Medford, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Memphis, TN-MS-AR $ $ $ $ $ $ Merced, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Miami, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Michigan City, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Midland, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Milwaukee, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Minneapolis-St Paul, MN-WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Missoula, MT $ $ $ $ $ $ Mobile, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Modesto, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Monroe, LA $ $ $ $ $ $ Monroe, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Montgomery, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Mount Vernon, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Muskegon, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Myrtle Beach, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Napa, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Naples, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Nashville, TN $ $ $ $ $ $ Nassau-Suffolk, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ New Haven, CT $ $ $ $ $ $ New Orleans, LA $ $ $ $ $ $

10 New York-White Plains, NY-NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Newark, NJ-PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Niles-Benton Harbor, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Norwich-New London, CT $ $ $ $ $ $ Oakland, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Ocala, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Ocean City, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Odessa, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Ogden, UT $ $ $ $ $ $ Oklahoma City, OK $ $ $ $ $ $ Olympia, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Omaha, NE-IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Orlando, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Oshkosh, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Owensboro, KY $ $ $ $ $ $ Oxnard-Ventura, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Palm Bay-Melbourne, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Panama City, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Parkersburg, WV-OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Pensacola, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Peoria, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Philadelphia, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Phoenix, AZ $ $ $ $ $ $ Pittsburgh, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Pittsfield, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Port St Lucie-Fort Pierce, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Portland, ME $ $ $ $ $ $ Portland, OR-WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Prescott, AZ $ $ $ $ $ $ Providence-New Bedford, RI-MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Provo, UT $ $ $ $ $ $ Pueblo, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Punta Gorda, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Racine, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Raleigh-Cary, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Reading, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Redding, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Reno, NV $ $ $ $ $ $ Richmond, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Riverside-San Bernardino, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Roanoke, VA $ $ $ $ $ $

11 Rochester, MN $ $ $ $ $ $ Rochester, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Rockford, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Rockingham-Strafford, NH $ $ $ $ $ $ Rocky Mount, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Rome, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Sacramento, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Saginaw, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Salem, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Salinas, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Salt Lake City, UT $ $ $ $ $ $ San Angelo, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ San Antonio, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ San Diego, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ San Francisco, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ San Jose, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ San Luis Obispo, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Sandusky, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Santa Ana-Anaheim, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Santa Barbara, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Santa Cruz, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Santa Fe, NM $ $ $ $ $ $ Santa Rosa, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Sarasota, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Savannah, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Scranton, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Seattle, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Sheboygan, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Sherman, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Shreveport, LA $ $ $ $ $ $ Sioux Falls, SD $ $ $ $ $ $ South Bend, IN-MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Spartanburg, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Spokane, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Springfield, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Springfield, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Springfield, MO $ $ $ $ $ $ Springfield, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ St Cloud, MN $ $ $ $ $ $ St George, UT $ $ $ $ $ $ St Joseph, MO-KS $ $ $ $ $ $ St Louis, MO-IL $ $ $ $ $ $

12 State College, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Stockton, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Syracuse, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Tacoma, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Tallahassee, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Tampa-St Petersburg, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Toledo, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Topeka, KS $ $ $ $ $ $ Trenton, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Tucson, AZ $ $ $ $ $ $ Tulsa, OK $ $ $ $ $ $ Tyler, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Utica, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Vallejo, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Vero Beach, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Vineland, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Visalia, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Waco, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Warner Robins, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Warren, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Washington, DC-VA-MD-WV $ $ $ $ $ $ Waterloo, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Wausau, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Wenatchee, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ West Palm Beach, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Wichita Falls, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Wichita, KS $ $ $ $ $ $ Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Wilmington, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Winston-Salem, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Worcester, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Yakima, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ York, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Youngstown, OH-PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Yuba City, CA $ $ $ $ $ $

13 House Prices in America: Update APPENDIX B: Metropolitan Area House s Ranking March 2009

14 Price 2004Q4 2005Q4 2006Q4 2007Q4 Price Price Price Price Price Atlantic City, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Wenatchee, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Honolulu, HI $ $ $ $ $ $ Ocean City, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Bend, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ St George, UT $ $ $ $ $ $ Longview, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Bellingham, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Portland, OR-WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Eugene, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Vineland, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Salem, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Asheville, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Provo, UT $ $ $ $ $ $ Myrtle Beach, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Mount Vernon, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Grand Junction, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Spokane, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Dover, DE $ $ $ $ $ $ Medford, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Wilmington, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Boise City, ID $ $ $ $ $ $ Salt Lake City, UT $ $ $ $ $ $ Olympia, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Ogden, UT $ $ $ $ $ $ Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Yakima, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ York, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Duluth, MN-WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Tacoma, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Logan, UT-ID $ $ $ $ $ $ Farmington, NM $ $ $ $ $ $ Janesville, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Corvallis, OR $ $ $ $ $ $ Seattle, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Missoula, MT $ $ $ $ $ $ State College, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Charleston, WV $ $ $ $ $ $ Camden, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Binghamton, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Charlottesville, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Q3 2008Q4

15 Santa Fe, NM $ $ $ $ $ $ La Crosse, WI-MN $ $ $ $ $ $ Hagerstown, MD-WV $ $ $ $ $ $ Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Kingston, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Burlington, VT $ $ $ $ $ $ Edison, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Albuquerque, NM $ $ $ $ $ $ Eau Claire, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Racine, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Barnstable, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Idaho Falls, ID $ $ $ $ $ $ Albany, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Lancaster, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Ithaca, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Scranton, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Portland, ME $ $ $ $ $ $ Lynchburg, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Reading, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Allentown, PA-NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Fond du Lac, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Harrisburg, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Las Cruces, NM $ $ $ $ $ $ Bremerton, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Baltimore, MD $ $ $ $ $ $ Anchorage, AK $ $ $ $ $ $ Nassau-Suffolk, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Flagstaff, AZ $ $ $ $ $ $ Harrisonburg, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Waterloo, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Michigan City, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Richmond, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Hickory, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Kennewick, WA $ $ $ $ $ $ Pittsfield, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Auburn, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Prescott, AZ $ $ $ $ $ $ Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ St Cloud, MN $ $ $ $ $ $ Kankakee, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Roanoke, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Dubuque, IA $ $ $ $ $ $

16 Newark, NJ-PA $ $ $ $ $ $ San Angelo, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Bismarck ND $ $ $ $ $ $ Madison, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Bangor, ME $ $ $ $ $ $ Wausau, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Sheboygan, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Providence-New Bedford, RI-MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Anderson, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Lebanon, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Philadelphia, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Colorado Springs, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Knoxville, TN $ $ $ $ $ $ Norwich-New London, CT $ $ $ $ $ $ Washington, DC-VA-MD-WV $ $ $ $ $ $ Rockford, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Mobile, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Panama City, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Brunswick, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Utica, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Billings, MT $ $ $ $ $ $ Redding, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Chico, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Springfield, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Topeka, KS $ $ $ $ $ $ Green Bay, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Savannah, GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Milwaukee, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Los Angeles, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Lewiston, ME $ $ $ $ $ $ Gulfport-Biloxi, MS $ $ $ $ $ $ New Haven, CT $ $ $ $ $ $ Huntington, WV-KY-OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Mansfield, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Ocala, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ New York-White Plains, NY-NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Greeley, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Bethesda, MD $ $ $ $ $ $ Boulder, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Kokomo, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Fairbanks, AK $ $ $ $ $ $ Niles-Benton Harbor, MI $ $ $ $ $ $

17 Madera, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ St Louis, MO-IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Fort Collins, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Miami, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Rockingham-Strafford, NH $ $ $ $ $ $ Erie, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Nashville, TN $ $ $ $ $ $ Lima, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Davenport-Moline, IA-IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Carson City, NV $ $ $ $ $ $ Trenton, NJ $ $ $ $ $ $ Worcester, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Tucson, AZ $ $ $ $ $ $ Casper, WY $ $ $ $ $ $ Pueblo, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Greenville, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Columbia, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Manchester-Nashua, NH $ $ $ $ $ $ Minneapolis-St Paul, MN-WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Springfield, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Gary, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Appleton, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Parkersburg, WV-OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Essex County, MA $ $ $ $ $ $ Chicago, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Augusta, GA-SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Tallahassee, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Chattanooga, TN-GA $ $ $ $ $ $ Buffalo, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ San Luis Obispo, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Florence, SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Raleigh-Cary, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Jackson, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Youngstown, OH-PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Decatur, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Louisville, KY-IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Oshkosh, WI $ $ $ $ $ $ Austin, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Elkhart, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Blacksburg, VA $ $ $ $ $ $ Phoenix, AZ $ $ $ $ $ $ Burlington, NC $ $ $ $ $ $

18 Flint, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Lawrence, KS $ $ $ $ $ $ Denver, CO $ $ $ $ $ $ Syracuse, NY $ $ $ $ $ $ Charlotte, NC-SC $ $ $ $ $ $ Lakeland, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Hartford, CT $ $ $ $ $ $ Orlando, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Champaign, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Jacksonville, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Fargo, ND-MN $ $ $ $ $ $ Fayetteville, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Santa Cruz, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Bay City, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Toledo, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Winston-Salem, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Jefferson City, MO $ $ $ $ $ $ Columbus, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Riverside-San Bernardino, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Hattiesburg, MS $ $ $ $ $ $ Deltona-Daytona Beach, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Des Moines, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Detroit, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Durham, NC $ $ $ $ $ $ Gainesville, FL $ $ $ $ $ $ Battle Creek, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Sherman, TX $ $ $ $ $ $ Bloomington, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Cedar Rapids, IA $ $ $ $ $ $ Pittsburgh, PA $ $ $ $ $ $ Rochester, MN $ $ $ $ $ $ Saginaw, MI $ $ $ $ $ $ Anderson, IN $ $ $ $ $ $ Huntsville, AL $ $ $ $ $ $ Lexington, KY $ $ $ $ $ $ St Joseph, MO-KS $ $ $ $ $ $ Visalia, CA $ $ $ $ $ $ Columbia, MO $ $ $ $ $ $ Bloomington-Normal, IL $ $ $ $ $ $ Joplin, MO $ $ $ $ $ $ Canton, OH $ $ $ $ $ $ Baton Rouge, LA $ $ $ $ $ $

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