Metropolitan Detroit s Diverse Population

Transcription

1 Metropolitan Detroit s Diverse Population presentation to The Detroit Orientation Institute Kurt Metzger???????????? October 16, 2008

2 Changing Face of America 1 in 3 Americans is minority 0.7 million in 2006 Latinos are the largest group 44.3 million (14.8%) African Americans surpassed 40 million (13.4%) Between , 06, Latinos grew 3.4%; Asians grew 3.2%; African Americans grew 1.3% Four states California, Hawaii, New Mexico and Texas, as well as D.C. have people of color in majority People of color are younger on average than whites Latinos 27.4 years; Af-Am. Am. 30.1; Asians 33.5; whites 36.4

3 Changing Face of America 48% of America s largest cities are minority majority today / 303 counties (Wayne) are minority majority It is estimated that Immigration accounts for more than 40 percent of U.S. population growth since 2000 Baby boomers ( 46-64) 64) start retiring Generation X & Y are smaller in numbers Gay & Lesbian population % (28.1 mil) Women fastest growing entrepreneurial segment Religious practice and diversity increasing

4 Projected 50 Years Population Growth Race Whites Blacks Asians Hispanics

5 US: Population by Race: 2000 and % 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0%.0% 0.0% 69.4% 12.7% 50.1% 14.6% 8.0% 3.8% 24.4% 12.6% 1.5% 2.9% White Black Asian Hispanic Other

6 New Sunbelt, Melting Pot, and Heartland States Source: William H. Frey New Sunbelt Melting Pot Heartland States

7 Share of U.S. in Melting Pot States Foreign Born 70% Asian Language at Home 68% Spanish at Home 76% Mixed Marriages 51% Native Born 37% English at Home 34%

8 Race Composition of Regions 2% 7% Melting Pot 25% 55% 14% New Sunbelt 2% 3% 9% 12% Heartland 2% 2% 4% 11% 72% White Black Asian Other Hispanic 80%

9 MICHIGAN: : Population by Race/Ethnicity: % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% % 0% 2.2% 0.1% 3.3% 1.8% 3.9% 1.4% 4.0% 0.6% 1.4% 1.1% 0.5% 1.8% 0.5% 2.3% 0.5% 2.4% 13.8% 14.1% 14.1% 14.1% 82.3% 78.6% 77.7% 77.6% Hispanic / Latino Other / Multi- Race Asian/Pacific Islander Native American Black /African American White Source: Census Bureau 1

10 The Transformation of Detroit No one social program or policy, no single force, whether housing segregation, social welfare programs or deindustrialization, could have driven Detroit and other cities like it from their position of economic and political dominance; there is no simple explanation for the inequality and marginality that beset the urban poor. It is only through the complex and interwoven histories of race, residence and work in the postwar era that the state of today s cities and their impoverished residents can be fully understood and confronted. Thomas J. Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit. Page 5 A number of historical and contemporary policies and structural factors created today s conditions in Detroit

11 Detroit s Population Losses Post-World War II Marked the True Beginning of the Suburbs Population 3,500,000 3,000,000 Detroit Suburbs 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, ,

12 While the Tri-County Has Lost Population Since 1970, Outlying Suburbs Have Grown At the Expense of the Core Tri County Suburbs Detroit 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,762,360 4,204,443 4,044,236 3,912,679 4,043,467 4,049,813 4,022,267 3,500,000 3,000,000 3,016,197 2,692,961 2,840,897 2,884,705 3,092,197 3,130,964 3,5,315 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 1,849,568 1,166,629 2,092,216 1,670,144 1,511,482 1,203,339 1,027, , , , , Source: U.S. Census Bureau

13 Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Grand River Highland Park Hamtramck Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Belle Isle Michigan 3 Detroit River Persons Per Square Mile 40,000 to 67,068 (16) 30,000 to 39,999 (35) 20,000 to 29,999 (2),000 to 19,999 (137) 5,000 to 9,999 (58) 8 to 4,999 (21) Source: US Census Bureau, 1950 Population Density, 1950 Census Tracts Detroit, Michigan 2001 Wayne State University CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb

14 Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Grand River Highland Park Hamtramck Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Belle Isle Michigan 3 Detroit River Persons Per Square Mile 40,000 to 56,363 (3) 30,000 to 39,999 (11) 20,000 to 29,999 (88),000 to 19,999 (2) 5,000 to 9,999 (93) 8 to 4,999 (30) Source: US Census Bureau, 1960 Population Density 1960 Census Tracts Detroit, Michigan 2001 Wayne State University CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb

15 Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Grand River Highland Park Hamtramck Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Belle Isle Michigan 3 Detroit River Persons Per Square Mile 30,000 to 39,641 (7) 20,000 to 29,999 (52),000 to 19,999 (212) 5,000 to 9,999 (8) 402 to 4,999 (42) Population Density 1970 Census Tracts Source: US Census Bureau, 1970 Detroit, Michigan 2001 Wayne State University CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb

16 Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Telegraph Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Dyke Grand River Highland Park Hamtramck Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Gratiot Belle Isle Michigan 3 Detroit River Persons Per Square Mile,000 to 17,115 (73) 5,000 to 9,999 (176) 7 to 4,999 (64) No Population (1) Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Population Density 2000 Census Tracts Detroit, Michigan 2001 Wayne State University CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb

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18 Figure 6 Net Flow of Domestic Migration Southeast Michigan, ,000 35,000 15,000 St. Clair 4,000 2,000 7,000 7,000 Livingston 6,000 Oakland,000 16,000 Macomb 5,000 15,000 1,000 4,000 Washtenaw 7,000 Balance of Wayne 18,000 Detroit 18,000 1,500 0 Monroe 3,000 32,000 Arrows extending beyond the Southeast Michigan boundary represent the net flow of domestic migration between the specific county/area and U.S. counties outside the region. In net terms, 32,000 more persons moved from the Balance of Wayne County to U.S. counties outside the region, from Note: Numbers shown represent the net flow of persons age five and older. Net flows between non-adjacent counties areas in Southeast Michigan are less than 2,000. For purposes of map clarity, these net flows are not shown. Source: U.S. Census Bureau.?? - Migration and its Impact on Southeast Michigan,

19 Population Change in Detroit Suburbanization has stripped Detroit of much of its population Housing discrimination blocked access out of the city for African Americans Leaving the city extremely segregated The six foot high concrete wailing wall built to segregate African Americans from a White housing development.

20 Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Van Dyke Highland Park Gratiot Telegraph Hamtramck Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand River River River River River River River River River Woodward 39 Belle Isle Detroit River Predominant Race by Census Tract White Black Predominant Race by Source: US Census Bureau, CensusTract Detroit, Michigan 2001 Wayne State University CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb

21 Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Van Dyke Highland Park Gratiot Telegraph Hamtramck Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand River River River River River River River River River Woodward 39 Belle Isle Detroit River Predominant Race by Census Tract White Black No Predominant Race Predominant Race by Source: US Census Bureau, CensusTract Detroit, Michigan 2001 Wayne State University CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb

22 Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Van Dyke Highland Park Gratiot Telegraph Hamtramck Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand River River River River River River River River River Woodward 39 Belle Isle Detroit River Predominant Race by Census Tract White Black Predominant Race by Source: US Census Bureau, CensusTract Detroit, Michigan 2001 Wayne State University CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb

23 Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Michigan Van Dyke Belle Isle Detroit River 3 39 Highland Park Hamtramck Telegraph Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand Grand River River River River River River River River River Woodward Gratiot Predominant Race by Census Tract Hispanic Black White No Population No Predominant Race Source: US Census Bureau Wayne State University Predominant Race by 2000 Census Tract Detroit, Michigan CULMA/Center for Urban Studies/jcb

24 South Predominant Race by 2000 Census Tract* Metropolitan Detroit Area Memphis Holly Groveland Brandon Oxford Addison Bruce Armada Richmond Richmond Washington Ray Rose Springfield Independence Clarkston Orion Oakland Lenox Highland White Lake Oakland Waterford Keego Harbor Lake Angelus Sylvan Lake Pontiac Auburn Hills Rochester Rochester Hills Shelby Macomb Macomb Utica Mount Clemens Chesterfield Harrison New Baltimore Milford Commerce Walled Wixom Lake Orchard Lake Village West Bloomfield Bloomfield Bloomfield Hills Birmingham Troy Clawson Sterling Heights Clinton Fraser Lyon Lyon Novi Novi Farmington Hills Farmington Southfield Lathrup Village Southfield Royal Oak Madison Royal Oak Heights Berkley Pleasant Ridge Huntington Woods Oak Park Hazel Park Ferndale Warren Center Line Roseville Eastpointe St. Clair Shores Grosse Pointe Shores Northville Northville Plymouth Plymouth Livonia Wayne Redford Detroit Highland Park Hamtramck Harper Woods Grosse Pointe Park Grosse Pointe Grosse Pointe Woods Grosse Pointe Farms Lake St. Clair Westland Garden City Dearborn Heights Detroit River Canton. Inkster Dearborn Van Buren Wayne Romulus Taylor Melvindale River Rouge Allen Park Ecorse Lincoln Park Wyandotte Canada Predominant Race by Census Tract C a n a d a Belleville Sumpter Huron Southgate Riverview Woodhaven Trenton Grosse Ile No Population White Black Hispanic No Predominant Race Flat Rock Gibraltar Brownstown Rockwood Source: US Census Bureau Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies Lake Erie

25 Black White Segregation Ranking of U.S. Metro Areas (out of 318) Rank Metro Rank 1 Gary, IN 14 Cincinnati, OH 2 Detroit, MI 20 Benton Harbor, MI 3 Milwaukee, WI 21 Youngstown-Warren, OH 4 New York, NY 30 Dayton, OH 5 Chicago, IL 36 Toledo, OH 6 Newark, NJ 41 Grand Rapids-Musk., MI 7 Flint, MI 52 Jackson, MI 8 Buffalo, NY 76 Ann Arbor, MI 9 Cleveland-Lorain, OH 143 Lansing-East Lansing, MI Saginaw-Bay Bay-Mid, MI 152 Kalamazoo Battle Crk,, MI Source: 2000 Census

26 Whites have moved throughout the region since 1970, while African Americans have moved primarily to concentrated areas adjacent to the City of Detroit. Prepared by: Kirwan Institute Date: September 30, 2005 Projection: State Plane 83 Michigan South Source: Neighborhood Change Database; Geography Network; U.S. Census Bureau Notes: White Population Change 1970 to 2000 Detroit and Surrounding Counties Prepared by: Kirwan Institute Date: September 30, 2005 Projection: State Plane 83 Michigan South Source: Neighborhood Change Database; Geography Network; U.S. Census Bureau Notes: African American Population Change 1970 to 2000 Detroit and Surrounding Counties Lapeer Lapeer St. Clair St. Clair Oakland Macomb Oakland Macomb Wayne Wayne Monroe County Boundaries Water Bodies Census Tracts Population Loss Above 5000 Persons Monroe County Boundaries Water Bodies Census Tracts Population Loss Above 5000 Persons

27 The Non-White Population Has Been Slow to Grow Outside of Detroit Until the 1990s 90% 80% 70% 60% Percent Non-White Population % 40% 30% 20% % 0% Macomb Oakland Out-Wayne Detroit Source: Census Bureau

28 The Movement of Persons of Color to the Suburbs Marked the Decade of the 1990s White Black Asian Hispanic Multi/Othr Macomb 34,402,838 8,005 4,457 12,841 Oakland 13,452 42,907 24,827 9,369 19,692 Washtenaw 12,095 7,992 8,779 3,8 7,414 Out-Wayne -44,235 21,866 12,970 8,007 26,672 Detroit -112,357-2,563 1,219 18,694 18,664 Source: Census Bureau

29 The 1990s Brought a Large Out-migration of Blacks and Higher Income Households From Detroit 90% 80% 2000 Census Distribution Share of Outmigrants 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% % 0% White Black Asian Other Hispanic/Latino < $25,000 $25,000 - $49,999 $50,000 - $74,999 $,000 or more Source: MIMIC/SEMCOG Analysis of 2000 PUMS

30 The Growth and Movement of Persons of Color Throughout the Region Has Increased Since % 140% Macomb Oakland Wayne 120% 144% 0% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% 46% 27% 38% 24% 21% 33% 2% 1% -6% 35% 21% % -13% -1% Black Native American Asian Multi-Race Hispanic -40% Source: Census Bureau Estimates

31 South Black Population by 2000 Census Tract Metropolitan Detroit Area Memphis Holly Groveland Brandon Oxford Addison Bruce Armada Richmond Richmond Washington Ray Rose Springfield Independence Clarkston Orion Oakland Lenox Highland White Lake Oakland Waterford Keego Harbor Lake Angelus Sylvan Lake Pontiac Auburn Hills Rochester Rochester Hills Shelby Macomb Macomb Utica Mount Clemens Chesterfield Harrison New Baltimore Milford Commerce Walled Wixom Lake Orchard Lake Village West Bloomfield Bloomfield Bloomfield Hills Birmingham Troy Clawson Sterling Heights Clinton Fraser Lyon Lyon Novi Novi Farmington Hills Farmington Southfield Lathrup Village Southfield Royal Oak Madison Royal Oak Heights Berkley Pleasant Ridge Huntington Woods Oak Park Hazel Park Ferndale Warren Center Line Roseville Eastpointe St. Clair Shores Grosse Pointe Shores Northville Northville Plymouth Plymouth Livonia Wayne Redford Detroit Highland Park Hamtramck Harper Woods Grosse Pointe Park Grosse Pointe Grosse Pointe Woods Grosse Pointe Farms Lake St. Clair Westland Garden City Dearborn Heights Detroit River Canton. Inkster Dearborn Van Buren Wayne Romulus Taylor Melvindale River Rouge Allen Park Ecorse Lincoln Park Wyandotte Canada Percent Black, Non-Hispanic C a n a d a Belleville Sumpter Huron Southgate Riverview Woodhaven Trenton Flat Rock Gibraltar Grosse Ile No Population 80% to 0% 60% to 79.9% 40% to 59.9% 20% to 39.9% 0% to 19.9% Brownstown Rockwood Source: US Census Bureau Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies Lake Erie

32 South Asian Population by 2000 Census Tract Metropolitan Detroit Area Memphis Holly Groveland Brandon Oxford Addison Bruce Armada Richmond Richmond Washington Ray Rose Springfield Independence Clarkston Orion Oakland Lenox Highland White Lake Oakland Waterford Keego Harbor Lake Angelus Sylvan Lake Pontiac Auburn Hills Rochester Rochester Hills Shelby Macomb Macomb Utica Mount Clemens Chesterfield Harrison New Baltimore Milford Commerce Walled Wixom Lake Orchard Lake Village West Bloomfield Bloomfield Bloomfield Hills Birmingham Troy Clawson Sterling Heights Clinton Fraser Lyon Lyon Novi Novi Farmington Hills Farmington Southfield Lathrup Village Southfield Royal Oak Madison Royal Oak Heights Berkley Pleasant Ridge Huntington Woods Oak Park Hazel Park Ferndale Warren Center Line Roseville Eastpointe St. Clair Shores Grosse Pointe Shores Northville Northville Plymouth Plymouth Livonia Wayne Redford Detroit Highland Park Hamtramck Harper Woods Grosse Pointe Park Grosse Pointe Grosse Pointe Woods Grosse Pointe Farms Lake St. Clair Westland Garden City Dearborn Heights Detroit River Canton. Inkster Dearborn Van Buren Belleville Sumpter Wayne Romulus Huron Taylor Melvindale River Rouge Allen Park Ecorse Lincoln Park Wyandotte Southgate Riverview Woodhaven Trenton Grosse Ile Flat Rock Gibraltar Canada Percent Asian, Non-Hispanic C a n a d a No Population 24% to 31% 18% to 23.9% 12% to 17.9% 6% to 11.9% 0% to 5.9% Brownstown Rockwood Source: US Census Bureau Lake Erie Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies

33 South Hispanic Population by 2000 Census Tract Metropolitan Detroit Area Memphis Holly Groveland Brandon Oxford Addison Bruce Armada Richmond Richmond Washington Ray Rose Springfield Independence Clarkston Orion Oakland Lenox Highland White Lake Oakland Waterford Keego Harbor Lake Angelus Sylvan Lake Pontiac Auburn Hills Rochester Rochester Hills Shelby Macomb Macomb Utica Mount Clemens Chesterfield Harrison New Baltimore Milford Commerce Walled Wixom Lake Orchard Lake Village West Bloomfield Bloomfield Bloomfield Hills Birmingham Troy Clawson Sterling Heights Clinton Fraser Lyon Lyon Novi Novi Farmington Hills Farmington Southfield Lathrup Village Southfield Royal Oak Madison Royal Oak Heights Berkley Pleasant Ridge Huntington Woods Oak Park Hazel Park Ferndale Warren Center Line Roseville Eastpointe St. Clair Shores Grosse Pointe Shores Northville Northville Plymouth Plymouth Livonia Wayne Redford Detroit Highland Park Hamtramck Harper Woods Grosse Pointe Park Grosse Pointe Grosse Pointe Woods Grosse Pointe Farms Lake St. Clair Westland Garden City Dearborn Heights Detroit River Canton. Inkster Dearborn Van Buren Belleville Sumpter Wayne Romulus Huron Taylor Melvindale River Rouge Allen Park Ecorse Lincoln Park Wyandotte Southgate Riverview Woodhaven Trenton Grosse Ile Canada Percent Hispanic C a n a d a No Population 9% to 77% 6% to 8.9% 3% to 5.9% 0% to 2.9% Flat Rock Gibraltar Source: US Census Bureau Rockwood Brownstown Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies Lake Erie

34 New Immigrants Had a Large Impact on Southeast Michigan in the 1990s Arrived in 1980s Arrived in 1990s % of Total Foreign Born Livingston 333 1, Macomb 7,119 23, Monroe Oakland 20,364 53, St. Clair 411 1, Washtenaw,1 18, Wayne 27,177 66,5 48

35 Asian Indian Egyptian Filipino Pakistani Chinese Japanese Korean Columbian Palestinian Armenian Syrian Jordanian Ukrainian Cuban Total Arab Lebanese Vietnamese Total Dominican Iraqi Bangladeshi Albanian Chaldean Black Mexican Puerto R. Hmong College Graduation Rates Range Widely Across Racial and Ethnic Groups

36 Immigration Continues to Partially Stem the Tide of Population Losses Due to Domestic Out-Migration Net Domestic Migration International Migration Net Migration Michigan -356, , ,818 Livingston 17,017 1,066 18,083 Macomb 6,703 13,547 20,250 Monroe 3, ,893 Oakland -61,885 33,453-28,432 Washtenaw -3,5 14,262,687 Wayne -227,272 41, ,898 Source: Census Bureau Estimates Division Period covered: 7/1/00 7/1/07

37 Top Countries of Origin for Immigrants Coming to Metropolitan Detroit, ,000 7,430 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,954 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 3,144 2,860 2,698 2,250 2,012 1,923 1,812 1,529 1,488 1,068 0 India Iraq Albania Yemen Lebanon China Mexico Canada Bangladesh Romania Philippines Pakistan Source: US Dept. of Homeland Security/Immigration

38 2004 Jewish Federation Membership by Census Tract Southeast Michigan ssee Genesee Lapeer Oakland St. Clair Macomb ingston ashtenaw Wayne Members per Tract 1, to 0 to to 9 No Members Source: Jewish Federation WSU/CUS/Michigan Metropolitan Information Center/ djt November 2004

39 Persons of Arab Ancestry Tri-County Detroit Area Oakland Macomb Wayne Total Persons 2,500 to 4, to 2,499 0 to to 99 1 to 49 0 Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies

40 Persons of Assyrian, Chaldean or Syriac Ancestry Tri-County Detroit Area Oakland Macomb Wayne Total Persons 500 to to to to 99 1 to 49 0 Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 Wayne State Univesity/Center for Urban Studies

41 What Has Accompanied These Changes? Concentrated poverty in the City Abandonment, disinvestment and vacancy in the City of Detroit Extreme segregation Greater land consumption with declining population Shifting of employment activities to the suburbs The suburbs have about 85% of the region's retail establishments and 87% of the jobs Impacts on the economic health of the entire Detroit region Suburban Job Centers in Detroit

42 Source: Brookings Institution, 2001 Detroit is the Most Decentralized Employment Metro in the U.S. Metro Area 3-mile share -mile share Outside -miles Detroit Los Angeles-Long Beach St. Louis Tampa St. Pete Riverside-San Bern Greensboro-Win Salem Chicago Atlanta Dallas Cleveland

43 The Number of Tri-County Residents Reporting Working in Detroit Has Dropped by 391,000 (57%) Over Last 40 Years 0, , , , , , , , , , , , ,000 0,000 50, Tri-County Macomb Oakland Out-Wayne Detroit Source: Census Bureau

44 Detroit s Daytime Population is Slightly Less than Its Residential Population Oklahoma City city, OK Portland city, OR Fort Worth city, TX Charlotte city, NC Nashville-Davidson (balance), TN Denver city, CO Seattle city, WA El Paso city, TX Washington city, DC Boston city, MA Milw aukee city, WI Memphis city, TN Baltim ore city, MD Austin city, TX Columbus city, OH Jacksonville city, FL San Francisco city, CA Indianapolis city (balance), IN San Jose city, CA Detroit city, MI San Antonio city, TX Dallas city, TX San Diego city, CA Phoenix city, AZ Philadelphia city, PA Houston city, TX Chicago city, IL Los Angeles city, CA Ne w York city, NY

45 Less than Half of Detroit Resident Workers Work Within the City of Detroit Oklahoma City city, OK Portland city, OR Fort Worth city, TX Charlotte city, NC Nashville-Davidson (balance), TN Denver city, CO Seattle city, WA El Paso city, TX Washington city, DC Boston city, MA Milw aukee city, WI Memphis city, TN Baltim ore city, MD Austin city, TX Columbus city, OH Jacksonville city, FL San Francisco city, CA Indianapolis city (balance), IN San Jose city, CA Detroit city, MI San Antonio city, TX Dallas city, TX San Diego city, CA Phoenix city, AZ Philadelphia city, PA Houston city, TX Chicago city, IL Los Angeles city, CA Ne w York city, NY

46 Detroit Has Consistently Been Among the Leaders in Per Capita Income Gap City vs. Suburbs Metro Area Index 2000 Rank 2000 Rank 1990 Rank 1980 Hartford Detroit Milwaukee Cleveland Philadelphia New York Rochester St. Louis Buffalo Providence Chicago Source: Pulling Apart: Economic Segregation Among Suburbs and Central Cities in Major Metropolitan Areas, Brookings Institution

47 2007 Graduation Rates Show Males Trailing Females in All Racial/Ethnic Groups Rates Are Lowest for African American and Hispanic Males 0% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 71.1% 80.1% 78.2% 85.1% 48.4% 64.8% 59.9% 72.4% 81.3% 88.3% 52.3% Male 63.5% Female 71.6% 66.2% 40% 30% 20% % 0% All Students White African- American Native American Asian / PI Hispanic Multiracial Source: MI Dept. of Education / CEPI

48 The Role of Housing Affordable housing must be deliberately and intelligently connected to high performing schools, sustainable employment, necessary transportation infrastructure, childcare, and institutions that facilitate civic and political activity. Childcare Health Housing Employment Effective Education Participation Transportation Housing is critical in determining access to opportunity. Housing is a component of a larger set of interrelated structures that are both affected by housing and have impacts on the attainment of safe, stable housing.

49 Understanding Spatial Segregation Impacts on Health School Segregation Impacts on Educational Achievement Exposure to crime; arrest Transportation limitations and other inequitable public services Neighborhood Segregation Job segregation Racial stigma, other psychological impacts Impacts on community power and individual assets

50 Equitable Regionalism Regional equity is more than just reducing disparities In practice: Providing opportunities in Housing Education Workforce development Economic development

51 Metropolitan Detroit s Diverse Population presentation to The Detroit Orientation Institute Kurt Metzger???????????? October 16, 2008