UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT COUNTRY PROFILES CZECH REPUBLIC. October 2011

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1 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT COUNTRY PROFILES CZECH REPUBLIC October 2011

2 i NOTE The Division on Investment and Enterprise of UNCTAD is a global centre of excellence, dealing with issues related to investment and enterprise development in the United Nations System. It builds on three and a half decades of experience and international expertise in research and policy analysis, intergovernmental consensus building, and provides technical assistance to developing countries. The terms country/economy as used in this investment country profile also refer, as appropriate, to territories or areas; the designations employed and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In addition, the designations of country groups are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage of development reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The major country groupings used in this investment country profile follow the classification of the United Nations Statistical Office. These are: Developed countries: the member countries of the OECD (other than Chile, Mexico, the Republic of Korea and Turkey), plus the new European Union member countries which are not OECD members (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, and Romania), plus Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco and San Marino. Transition economies: South-East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Developing economies: in general all economies not specified above. For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include those for Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) and Taiwan Province of China. Reference to companies and their activities should not be construed as an endorsement by UNCTAD of those companies or their activities. The boundaries and names shown and designations used on the maps presented in this publication do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The following symbols have been used in the tables: Two dots (..) indicate that data are not available or are not separately reported. Rows in tables have been omitted in those cases where no data are available for any of the elements in the row; A dash ( ) indicates that the item is equal to zero or its value is negligible; A blank in a table indicates that the item is not applicable, unless otherwise indicated; A slash (/) between dates representing years, e.g., 1994/95, indicates a financial year; Use of an en dash ( ) between dates representing years, e.g., , signifies the full period involved, including the beginning and end years; Reference to dollars ($) means United States dollars, unless otherwise indicated; Annual rates of growth or change, unless otherwise stated, refer to annual compound rates; Details and percentages in tables do not necessarily add up to totals because of rounding. Only tables shaded in the Table of Contents are available in this investment country profile. The material contained in this study may be freely quoted with appropriate acknowledgement. Exchange rates, CZK per US dollar Period average End of period

3 Czech ii Republic Table of Contents Page Highlights... A. Definitions and sources of data... B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs (shaded rows show available tables) 1 3 Table 1. Summary of FDI... 3 Table 2. Summary of international production... 3 Table 3. FDI flows, by type of investment... 4 Table 4. FDI stocks, by type of investment... 5 Table 5. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry... 6 Table 6. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin... 7 Table 7. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry and geographical orign... Table 8. FDI flows abroad, by industry... 8 Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination... 9 Table 10. FDI flows abroad, by industry and geographical destination... Table 11. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry Table 12. FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin Table 13. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry and geographical orign... Table 14. FDI stocks abroad, by industry Table 15. FDI stocks abroad, by geographical destination Table 16. FDI stocks abroad, by industry and geographical destination... Table 19. The number of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 20. The number of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad... Table 21. The number of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad... Table 22. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry... Table 23. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 26. Assets of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 27. Assets of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad... Table 28. Assets of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad... Table 29. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry... Table 30. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 31. Employment of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 32. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad Table 33. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad Table 34. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry Table 35. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin Table 36. Wages and salaries of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 37. Wages and salaries of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad Table 38. Wages and salaries of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad Table 39. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry... Table 40. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 41. Sales of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 42. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad Table 43. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad Table 44. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry Table 45. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin Table 46. Value added of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 47. Value added of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad Table 48. Value added of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad Table 49. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry

4 Czech iii Republic Table of Contents (continued) Page Table 50. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 51. Profits of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 52. Profits of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad... Table 53. Profits of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad... Table 54. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry... Table 55. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 56. Exports of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 57. Exports of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad Table 58. Exports of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad Table 59. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry Table 60. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 61. Imports of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 62. Imports of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad Table 63. Imports of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad Table 64. Imports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry Table 65. Imports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 66. R&D of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 67. R&D of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad... Table 68. R&D of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad... Table 69. R&D of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry... Table 70. R&D of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 71. Employment in R&D of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 72. Employment in R&D of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad... Table 73. Employment in R&D of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad... Table 74. Employment in R&D of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry... Table 75. Employment in R&D of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 76. Royalty receipts of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 77. Royalty receipts of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad... Table 78. Royalty receipts of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad... Table 79. Royalty receipts of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry... Table 80. Royalty receipts of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 81. Royalty payments of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy... Table 82. Royalty payments of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad... Table 83. Royalty payments of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad... Table 84. Royalty payments of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry... Table 85. Royalty payments of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin... Table 86. Largest home-based TNCs... Table 87. Largest foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs Table 88. Largest affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy... 34

5 1 Highlights The continues to be a magnet for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the enlarged European Union (EU). In 2010 its inward FDI stock reached 2.4 trillion Czech Crown (CZK) ($130 billion) a volume equivalent to two thirds of the gross domestic product. In contrast, the FDI outward stock of the country remained modest CZK291 billion ($16 billion), and is dominated by foreign acquisitions carried out by the State-owned electricity company CEZ. During the crisis year of 2009 FDI inflows dropped to CZK56 billion ($2.9 billion), but it rose again in 2010 to CZK130 billion ($6.8 billion). As FDI projects are maturing in the country, the relative importance of new equity investments has fallen: reinvested earnings have replaced equity capital as the main component of FDI inflows. Countries in the EU account for the bulk of the inward FDI stock of the country (88 per cent in 2009). 1 The Netherlands was the largest investor in 2009 (30 per cent), followed by Germany (14 per cent) and Austria (12 per cent). In a similar vein, almost all outward FDI stock targets the EU (94 per cent in 2009), mostly the Netherlands and Slovakia. The services sector accounts for almost two thirds of inward FDI stock, with financial services representing 20 per cent of the total. Manufacturing has attracted about one third of the inward FDI stock. The outward FDI stock of the country is even more concentrated in services (86 per cent in 2009). Foreign affiliates in the employed 694,728 people in and generated sales of CZK3,351 billion ($148 billion). In 2009, the foreign affiliates of Czech TNCs employed 35,141 people abroad and had sales of CZK143 billion ($7.5 billion). 1 The latest year for which data are available. A. Definitions and sources of data Data on FDI in the are reported by the Czech National Bank. Even prior to its independence in 1993, the country had a large industrial base and had attracted some FDI. The large-scale programme of privatization and macroeconomic stabilization measures implemented, as they aimed at maintaining a low unemployment rate, gained widespread support during the first half of the 1990s. In pursuing a policy of regional and international integration and cooperation, the country became the first post-communist member State of OECD in With its accession to the Organization, the Government agreed to meet with a few exceptions OECD standards for national treatment of foreign investors. In 2004, the joined the EU. Membership in the EU led to a resurgence of FDI, benefiting from intra-eu relocation of production. The attractiveness of the Czech economy was exacerbated by further reductions in risk ratings and improvements in some areas of the business environment, as practices became further aligned with EU norms. The harmonization of its laws with EU legislation, the acquis communautaire, led to positive reforms of the judicial system, civil administration, financial markets regulation, intellectual property rights protection and many other areas important to investors. CzechInvest, a governmental body established in 1992, acts as a one-stop shop to potential foreign investors and is also responsible for private business development in general. It provides

6 2 information on investment opportunities to potential foreign investors, helps them identify joint-venture partners and implement projects. CzechInvest also promotes the expansion of Czech companies abroad and acts as an intermediary between the EU and Czech small and medium-sized enterprises in accessing structural funds. Legislation was enacted to strengthen the rights of investors. Protection against expropriation is strongly entrenched and foreign ownership is unrestricted. There are no performance requirements imposed as a condition for establishing or expanding an investment. With a view to further enhancing FDI inflows, the Government has lowered the corporate income tax over the past years. Its present rate is fixed at 19 per cent, whilst the personal income tax is 15 per cent. The value-added tax is 20 per cent. Data reported by the Czech National Bank are in accordance with the guidelines set out in the Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment, OECD, Paris, third edition, 1996, and are available both by geographical and industry breakdown. They reflect an ownership of 10 per cent or more of a foreign investor in the equity capital, or of voting rights, in a company. In addition to non-residents' share of equity capital, reinvested earnings and other capital are also included. Data on direct investment flows are compiled on the basis of realized investment transactions, which imply their market valuation. In contrast, direct investment stocks are recorded at book value. The geographical breakdown of FDI is based on the country of the immediate investor, whereas the industry breakdown is based on the branch classification of economic activities that corresponds to the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community, also known as NACE. Data are compiled on the basis of companies reports on direct inward and outward investment transactions, and are complemented by an annual statistical survey of companies involved in FDI. The survey data are based on audited balance sheets of firms, and cover inward and outward flows and stocks. Growth in foreign investment and its impact on the national economy have created interest in additional information permitting a deeper analysis of the activities of foreign-controlled corporations. Until 2006, the indicators of turnover, number of employees, value added, and exports and imports were compiled and published for all direct investment companies with foreign ownership interest reaching at least 10 per cent of voting power, for both Czech direct investment abroad and FDI in the. In line with Regulation (EC) No 716/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council, variables of Foreign AffiliaTes Statistics, or FATS, have been reported for majority-owned companies since 2007.

7 3 B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs Table 1. Summary of FDI (CZK millions and percentage) Variable Inward Outward 1. FDI flows, (annual average) FDI flows as a percentage of GFCF, (annual average) FDI stocks, FDI stocks as a percentage of GDP, Source : Based on tables 3, 4 and UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. Variable Table 2. Summary of international production, 2009 (CZK millions and number) Homebased TNCs (Parent) Affiliates of foreign TNCs in Czech Republic a Foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs abroad Number Assets Employees (thousands) Wages and salaries Sales Value added Exports Imports R&D expenditures Based on tables 33,35,38,43,45,48,49,58,59,63 and 64. a Data on foreign affilitates in the refer to 2006.

8 4 Table 3. FDI flows, by type of investment, Inward investment Outward investment Reinvested Reinvested Year Equity earnings Other Total Equity earnings Other Total

9 5 Table 4. FDI stocks, by type of investment, Inward investment Outward investment Reinvested Reinvested Year Equity earnings Other Total Equity earnings Other Total

10 6 Table 5. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry, Sector / industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Secondary Food, beverages and tobacco Textiles, clothing and leather Wood and wood products Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel Chemicals and chemical products Rubber and plastic products Non-metallic mineral products Metal and metal products Machinery and equipment Electrical and electronic equipment Office, accounting and computing machinery Electrical machinery and apparatus Radio, television and communication apparatus Precision instruments Motor vehicles and other transport equipment Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Other transport equipment Other manufacturing Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Automotive trade and repair Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Post and courier activities Telecommunications Finance Financial Intermediation Monetary intermediation Other financial intermediation Insurance and Pension Funding Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation Business activities Real estate Rental Activities Computer and related activities Other business activities Business and management Advertising Education Health and social services Community, social and personal service activities Other services Unspecified

11 7 Table 6. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, Region / economy Total world Developed countries Europe European Union Austria Belgium Cyprus Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Slovakia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other developed Europe Iceland Norway Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Australia Bermuda Israel Japan New Zealand Developing economies Africa Seychelles South Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South and Central America Brazil Mexico Caribbean Bahamas British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Asia West Asia Turkey United Arab Emirates South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China India Iran, Islamic Republic of Korea, Republic of Taiwan Province of China Oceania South-East Europe and CIS South-East Europe Croatia CIS Russian Federation Ukraine Unspecified

12 8 Table 8. FDI flows abroad, by industry, Sector / industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Secondary Food, beverages and tobacco Textiles, clothing and leather Wood and wood products Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel Chemicals and chemical products Rubber and plastic products Non-metallic mineral products Metal and metal products Machinery and equipment Electrical and electronic equipment Office, accounting and computing machinery Electrical machinery and apparatus Radio, television and communication apparatus Precision instruments Motor vehicles and other transport equipment Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Other transport equipment Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Automotive trade and repair Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Post and courier activities Telecommunications Finance Financial Intermediation Monetary intermediation Other financial intermediation Insurance and Pension Funding Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation Business activities Real estate Rental Activities Computer and related activities Other business activities Business and management Advertising Education Community, social and personal service activities Other services Unspecified

13 9 Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, Region / economy Total world Developed countries Europe European Union Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus France Germany Hungary Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Sweden United Kingdom Other developed Europe Iceland Norway Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Australia Israel Japan Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South and Central America Argentina Brazil Mexico Caribbean British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Asia West Asia Turkey United Arab Emirates South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China India Iran, Islamic Republic of Singapore South-East Europe and CIS South-East Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia CIS Kazakhstan Russian Federation Ukraine Unspecified

14 10 Table 11. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry, Sector / industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Secondary Food, beverages and tobacco Textiles, clothing and leather Wood and wood products Publishing and printing Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel Chemicals and chemical products Rubber and plastic products Non-metallic mineral products Metal and metal products Machinery and equipment Electrical and electronic equipment Office, accounting and computing machinery Electrical machinery and apparatus Radio, television and communication apparatus Precision instruments Motor vehicles and other transport equipment Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Other transport equipment Other manufacturing Recycling Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Automotive trade and repair Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Finance Financial Intermediation Insurance and Pension Funding Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation Business activities Real estate Rental Activities Computer and related activities Research and development Other business activities Public administration and defence Education Health and social services Community, social and personal service activities Other services Unspecified

15 11 Table 12. FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin, Region / economy Total world Developed countries Europe European Union Austria Belgium Cyprus Denmark France Germany Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Slovakia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other developed Europe Iceland Norway Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Australia Bermuda Israel Japan Developing economies Africa Seychelles South Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South and Central America Brazil Belize Mexico Caribbean Bahamas British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Asia and Oceania Asia West Asia Turkey United Arab Emirates South, East and South-East Asia China India Korea, Republic of Malaysia Taiwan Province of China Oceania South-East Europe and CIS South-East Europe Croatia CIS Russian Federation Ukraine Unspecified

16 12 Table 14. FDI stocks abroad, by industry, Sector / industry Total Primary Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining, quarrying and petroleum Mining and quarrying Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas Secondary Food, beverages and tobacco Textiles, clothing and leather Wood and wood products Publishing and printing Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel Chemicals and chemical products Rubber and plastic products Non-metallic mineral products Metal and metal products Machinery and equipment Electrical and electronic equipment Office, accounting and computing machinery Electrical machinery and apparatus Radio, television and communication apparatus Precision instruments Motor vehicles and other transport equipment Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Other transport equipment Other manufacturing Recycling Tertiary Electricity, gas and water Construction Trade Automotive trade and repair Wholesale trade Distributive trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Transport and storage Post and communications Finance Financial Intermediation Insurance and Pension Funding Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation Business activities Real estate Rental Activities Computer and related activities Research and development Other business activities Education Health and social services Community, social and personal service activities Other services Unspecified

17 13 Table 15. FDI stocks abroad, by geographical destination, Region / economy Total world Developed countries Europe European Union Austria Bulgaria Cyprus France Germany Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Other developed Europe Norway Switzerland North America Canada United States Other developed countries Developing economies Africa Latin America and the Caribbean South and Central America Argentina Brazil Chile Peru Mexico Caribbean British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Asia West Asia Turkey United Arab Emirates South, East and South-East Asia China Hong Kong, China India Iran, Islamic Republic of Singapore South-East Europe and CIS South-East Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Serbia and Montenegro CIS Belarus Georgia Kazakhstan Russian Federation Ukraine Uzbekistan Unspecified

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