Today s Topics. The Market Revolution. Population growth Agricultural boom Industrialization Transportation Urbanization

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2 Today s Topics The Market Revolution Population growth Agricultural boom Industrialization Transportation Urbanization 2

3 Population Distribution, 1790 and 1850 By 1850, high population density characterized parts of the Midwest as well as the Northeast Census of Population, Statistical Atlas, plates 2 and 3 8.

4 Roads and Steamboats The Erie Canal Map 9.1 The Market Revolution: Roads and Canals,

5 Railroads and the Telegraph 5

6 The Cotton Kingdom Map 9.4 The Market Revolution : the spread of cotton cultivation,

7 The Growth of Cities 7

8 Five Points District, artist unknown, c Five Points District, artist unknown, c Working-class neighborhoods like the infamous Five Points District in New York, shown in this anonymous 1829 picture, were filthy, unhealthy, and crime-ridden. 8 Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9 Industry Samuel Slater, first textile mill Boston Manufacturing Company, Lowell Mill Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown (Museum of American Textile History) 9

10 The Growth of Immigration Irish and German Newcomers 10

11 Age of Caudillos Latin America 1820s-1850s Caudillos= Dictators Politically: left or right Creoles, mestizos Personalism Hacienda patrons Replaced the viceroy 11

12 Caudillo Leadership Caudillos Who was a caudillo?

13 Caudillo Leadership Constitutions constantly re-written Federalism broke up large countries Greater Colombia = Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador Central American Republic

14 U.S. Constitution 1787 Argentina Constitution 1853, 1860, 1866, 1898, 1949, 1957 Brazil, seven constitutions, 1988 Mexico 1824, 1835, 1917 Colombia 1830, 1832, 1858,1886, 1991 Chile 1818, 1822, 1823, 1828, 1833, 1925 Bolivia 16 constitutions

15 Liberal-Conservative divide shaped Latin America Liberal Party/Conservative Party conflict Centerpiece of electoral debates in new republics Fragile republics

16 Age of Santa Anna Caudillo Bankrupt Created political struggles

17 Battle of San Jacinto 17

18 The Treaty of Velasco Highly controversial treaty due to: Establishes the Republic of Texas Mexico s refusal to ratify the agreement 18

19 Pastry War French bakery destroyed by Mexican troops 600,000 pesos for $$ loss. Santa Anna hero 19

20 Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón General Santa Anna's Wooden Leg (Illinois State Military Museum) 20

21 Argentina In 1816 Independence 1820s struggle Juan Manuel de Rosas

22 Uruguay Argentina-Brazil conflict, gain independence 1828 Jose Gervasio Artigas civil war

23 Chile 1820s political chaos 1830s political stability lead to economic prosperity (copper), unlike neighbors Diego Portales, landowner 23

24 Bolivia Peru General Andres Santa Cruz 1829 Peru-Bolivia Confederation presidents General Agustin Gamarra of Peru 24

25 Ecuador Columbia Gran Columbia Quito, conservative v.s. Guayaquil, liberals Juan Jose Flores in power Abolish constitution , 11 changes in govt. 1830s break up, no resistance Francisco de Paula Santander, liberal, Fighting between conservative & liberals 25

26 Venezuela Jose Antonio Paez Economy: coffee s civil war 26

27 Central America 1821 union with Mexico United Provinces of CA Conservatives vs liberals Church-state relations Franciso Morazan, Honduran liberal land reform Church property 27

28 Political Fragmentation 28

29 29

30 Brazil Grito de Ipiranga 1822 Pedro I Emperor Dissolves assembly Rewrites constitution 1824 War with Argentina over Uruguay in 1826, end Uruguay is free Pedro II 1830s Slavery agreement with U.K Fazendeiro class

31 California Hide-Tallow Trade Mexican Economy New Mexico Santa Fe Trade U.S. Economy MA/MO/LA Texas Austin Colony 31

32 Major Battles in the Texas Revolution,

33 The Treaty of Velasco Highly controversial treaty due to: Establishes the Republic of Texas Boundary line at the Rio Grande Mexico s refusal to ratify the agreement 33

34 American Progress 1872

35 35

36 Causes of Mexican-American War Annexation of Texas Texas border dispute U.S. Expansionist policy (Manifest Destiny) Thornton Affair (immediate cause) 36

37 37

38 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Peace treaty signed February 2, 1848 Ended the Mexican-American War. Mexico ceded 55% of its territory for $15 million. 38

39 Gold Rush Jan

40 40

41 41

42 XM 5.1

43 Progress Conservatism was dominant in aftermath of independence After 1850 liberals made a comeback

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