Country: Brazil State: Minas Gerais

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1 Stadual Cometee of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve International Seminar on Mining and Environmental Sustainability in Biosphere Reserves Sergio Domingues (Coordinator) Miguel Andrade (Vice- Coordinator) 19 /03/2013

2 Factfile: Designated by UNESCO in 2005 Size: ,8 hectares The largest and most continuous Precambrian orogenic belt Along the 1,000 km alternating elevations of 1,000 and 2.072m Precipitation: mm a mm/year Temperature: 20 e 21 C Temperature: 13,5 e 15,5 C 53 local municipalities Population:

3 Where is it?

4 Country: Brazil State: Minas Gerais

5 The ER borders on 3 brazilian biomes and at the same time connects theme Area Amazon Caatinga Bahia Cerrado Atlantic Forest Pantanal Minas Gerais

6 Brasilian network of Biosphere Reserves 7 Biosphere Reserves Total of BRs : km² = 15% of brasilian territory

7 Core Areas

8 What makes it unique?

9 Rupestrian Fields Altitudes above 900m Rich mosaic of communities Megadiversity and complexity Fragile ecosystem and low resilience Basin draining system Ecological corridor High level of endemism (2.000 sp)

10 Extinction 351 species in Rupestrian Fields Miguel Andrade

11 69 Protected Areas TOTAL: ,8 ha Core area: ,14 ha Buffer zone: ,65 ha Transition area: ,01 ha Urban area

12 Genuine Cultural Kaleidoscope The African, European and indigenous roots gots mixed, each in its own way, leaving their beliefs, flavors and manifestations in the practice of communities living in the area.

13 History of exploration The first Portuguese pioneers who entered the newly discovered Brazilian lands were not succesful in the prospection of precious metals and stones. The extraction of metals was not part of the the indigenous inhabitants way of life. They still lived in the stone age. The raw materials became the sole product of the colonisers, through the ''entrada'' (expedictions). Mining in Brazil started at the end of the XVII century when gold deposits were found in the lands, which were later named Minas Gerais.

14 Espinhaço Range is emblematic of the brazilian economic exploration. Espinhhaço superimposed Imperial roads

15 The main products for exportation since colonisation are: Pau-brasil Sugar cane Soya Gold 2011 Iron ore Diamonds

16 Brazilian mineral production Metallics and non metallics ore

17 Iron Ore price evolucion U$ per Ton

18 Brazil X World production Minas Gerais : 71%

19 The Iron Ore production forecast for 2013

20 53 local municipalities Granite Gnaiss Sand Clay Iron Ore Aggragate Silver Shale no mining (23) Mining (30) Gold Manganese Kaolin Diamond Industrial diamond Emeralds Quartz Eletronic Quartz Phylit Pyrite Dolomite Bauxite Pigment Imperial Topaz Serpentine Soap stone Mineral water 26

21 Iron Ore Quadrangle Mining tailings dam Environmental Impact Low Mediun High Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area inhabitants

22 Quadrilátero Ferrífero Mine Permits Metropolitan Area

23 Iron Ore Quadrangle Protected Areas

24 Royalties Total Revenue minus Expenses of insurance and transportation costs of products only 3% Aluminiun, manganese... 2% Iron ore, Carbon... 0,2% Precious stones... 1% Gold 12% to nacional 23% to state 65% to Municipallite Participação dos Principais Minérios na Arrecadação da CFEM Manganês 3,1% Caulim 3,1% Cobre 4,5% Rochas Ornamentais 1,9% Ouro 2,8% Calcário 1,9% Alumínio 7,5% Ferro 58,6% Outros 16,6% 2010 (Estimated) R$ 1 billion

25 The life cycle of the mine Expansion rate Taxas de expansão I. Expansão em ritmo crescente Rise of extraction II. Expansão em ritmo decrescente stabilization III. Estabilidade com taxa de expansão próxima de zero IV. Declínio com taxas negativas Decline de expansão Expansion of production ASCENSÃO AUGE MATURIDADE Time Tempo It is vital that the municipalities have a perfect understanding of the mining cycle.

26 Iron Ore mine

27 Challenges beyond the mining Urbanization Artisanal Mining Fires Eucaliptus

28 Good Practices Social Mobilization Cooperatives Production of native species Rehabilitation of degraded areas Employment generation and income Education Valuation of traditional knowledge Local cluster Environmental Conservation Water production Capacity Building

29 Traditional communities state government Federal Government NGOs Forestry Police Farming Social dialogue Mining Universities forestry Local governments Mining Industry

30 Proposal Platform for discussion concerning sustainable practices for mining 1 - Diagnosis. 2 - Information System. 3 - Creation of sustainability indicators. 4 - Forum for social dialogue. 5 - Plans for cooperation. 6 - Monitoring. 7 - Regional Workshops 8 - International Seminar 9 - Integrated Management of landscapes

31 Thanks

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