Updated CSIR/SACN South African Settlement Typology

Transcription

1 Updated CSIR/SACN South African Settlement Typology Van Huyssteen, E., Mans, G., le Roux, A., Maritz, J., Ngidi, M. & Maditse, K. CSIR, Built Environment Date: March 2015 For more information contact Citation: Van Huyssteen, E., Mans, G., le Roux, A., Maritz, J., Ngidi, M. & Maditse, K Updated CSIR/SACN South African Settlement Typology. CSIR document. Available on stepsa.org Introduction Over the last couple of years, the CSIR, together with a number of other role players, has invested in building capability to provide spatial planning, analysis, modelling and platform support to government, with a focus on strengthening strategic regional, inter-regional and intergovernmental planning, resource allocation and monitoring and evaluation in South Africa. The functional settlement typology provides a mechanism to identify, calculate and analyse a set of development information and trends pertaining to the range of towns and cities, as well as high density rural settlements across South Africa. It enables understanding and analyses of the network of settlements, towns and cities and the hierarchical and functional relationships between them (Figure 1), especially related to government and economic service provision and migration. Due to its wide application, for example by: the NPC in the National spatial diagnostics report (stepsa.org); the DRDLR in understanding development dynamics in the priority rural districts; StatsSA in analysing household survey data; and to inform discussion regarding urban v/s rural by DCOG in the development of the latest Urban Development Framework (Van Huyssteen et al, 2013) the typology has been refined and updated in This report will highlight the process followed in updating the SA settlements Typology.

2 Figure 1: South African town and settlement functions and sizes (2013) Background The Functional Settlement Typology was originally developed by the CSIR as part of the National Spatial Trends Overview project ( ) commissioned by the South African Cities Network, The Presidency and former DPLG to inform Cabinet discussions on urban development policy aspects and the process of developing a National Urban Development Framework (SACN et al, 2009). It was developed through an interactive technical and consultative process, overseen by an expert reference group. The typology development was widely consulted, presented and utilised within development planning, and government policy and planning units (Van Huyssteen et al, 2009 & Spocter et al, 2010). Figure 2 provides an indication of the core building blocks utilised to develop the original 2008/2009 typology.

3 Figure 2: Original methodology of the CSIR/SACN functional settlement typology The National Planning Commission has since its inception made use of some of the spatial analysis, as well as spatial planning and policy inputs developed over the last couple of years in support of national policy and planning processes, provincial planning processes, as well as municipal (especially district and metropolitan) planning processes. After a number of discussions on the possible nature of a spatial narrative, and the development of framework for such a narrative, that could support the NPC work, the CSIR was requested to provide support to strategic spatial analysis and planning support to the NPC in terms of inter alia refining typologies and profiling of settlements and sparsely populated areas. The basic methodology followed, was to focus on providing some profiling and enhanced understanding of settlement and land-use patterns to inform the Spatial Diagnostic and Spatial Narrative. Given the request, the basic value that could be added within limited scope and budget, making use of most recent investment by the CSIR during in terms of updating the mesoframe (basis of former typologies), updated disaggregation methodologies (utilised for disaggregation of data for the platform), as well as recent updates in data, have been that of revisiting existing typologies in order to support the identification, description and understanding of: Nodes, Settlement and land-use patterns (figures 3 and 4), Sparsely populated areas of SA, in terms of key land (figure 5) and Municipality wide settlement patterns.

4 Below are the results of the updated settlement and land-use description: Figure 3: South African settlement patterns Figure 4: South African nodes and clusters (Updated settlement typology)

5 Figure 5: South Africa's sparsely populated area The spatial distribution of cities, towns and settlements according to the typology is set out on Figure 6, whilst more detailed definitions are set out in Table 1. It s important to note that place names of the biggest and most well-known town/settlement are used for ease of reference and location identification and metro s and secondary cities are included within the city area category within the typology. Figure 6: CSIR/SACN Functional settlement typology (2013)

6 City Region Areas Population >1million, Government & Economic Services Index >7 EXAMPLES: Global city region: Gauteng Coastal City regions: Cape Town City Region, ethekwini City Region, Nelson Mandela Bay City Region City Areas Population million Government & Economic Services Index 2-5 EXAMPLES (this includes metro s and secondary city areas) Polokwane Mbombela Pietermaritzburg Buffalo City Mangaung Regional Service Centres Regional Centre 1 Population Government & Economic Services Index 1-2 EXAMPLES Regional Service Centres - high population numbers and high economic activity: Rustenburg Witbank/Middelburg New Castle Richards Bay Regional Centre 2 Population Government & Economic Services Index >0.3 EXAMPLES Regional Service Centres - high population numbers in densely settled areas: Mthata Queenstown Thohoyandou Tzaneen Grahamstown Mmabatho Regional Centre 3

7 Population Government & Economic Services Index >0.25 EXAMPLES Regional Service Centres - low population numbers playing a key role in sparsely populated areas: Kimberley Upington Worcester Service Town Population mostly > Significant role in hinterland (service Index ) EXAMPLES Saldanha Groblersdal Piet Retief Bothaville Lichtenburg Local and Niche Towns Population size varies widely Service role in immediate surroundings (Service Index ) EXAMPLES Local Towns: Alice (EC), Koppies (FS) Niche Towns: Clarens (FS), Prince Albert (WC), Riebeeck- Kasteel (WC) High Density Settlement Areas Rural Nodes in High Density Settlement Areas - Meso Zones with >100 people/square km OR more than 10 people/square km PLUS Economic activity in service sector - identified as areas within high density settlement areas, with highest levels of access to household income High Density Settlement Areas - Meso Zones with >100 people/square km OR more than 10 people/square km PLUS Economic activity in service sector. These areas typically have very little economic activity, no consolidated town centre/nodes, and a spread out morphological structure.

8 Rest of South Africa Less densely populated areas, Sparsely populated areas, mountainous, national parks Table 1: Functional settlement type (CSIR/SACN Settlement Typology, 2013) Results It is estimated that almost 78% of South Africa s population of 51.7 million people, reside within cities and towns throughout the so-called urban and rural landscapes. It is calculated that by 2011 of the 78%,, 42% of South Africa s population resided within the four City Region areas of Gauteng, Cape Town, ethekwini and Nelson Mandela Bay; 7.5% lived within Cities and about 14% in a several large Service Towns and the remainder in smaller towns. Given that a further 12% of South Africans actually reside in high density rural settlements and that a mere 14% of the country s population reside further than 20km away from a formal town or city 1, it is evident that South Africa can no longer afford to ignore the fact that this country s development challenges will need to be addressed within its network of cities, towns and settlements. A summary table on the number of settlement types per province are shown in table 2. Included in the tables are also the total population and the name of each settlement for reference purposes. What is important to note is that Gauteng City Region cuts into four other provinces besides Gauteng, i.e. the Gauteng City Region relates to five provinces. In the rest of the report the Free State, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and North West shows statistics for a City Region, but these are areas that form part of the Gauteng City Region. A complete list of Local and / or Niche Towns are not included as it is too extensive. A shorter provincial summary on Local and / or Niche Towns are provided in Table 3. Type Name Province Population Count of type per province 01CityRegion Port Elizabeth CR Eastern Cape CityRegion Gauteng CR S Free State Gauteng CR Eku Gauteng Gauteng CR Joh Gauteng Gauteng CR S Gauteng Gauteng CR Tsh Gauteng Gauteng CR W Gauteng Gauteng CR N Limpopo 518 Cross cutting GCR 1 For a definition of settlements (City Regions, Cities, Towns, etc.) see Table 1.1

9 Gauteng CR N Mpumalanga Gauteng CR W North West CityRegion ethekwini CR KwaZulu-Natal CityRegion Cape Town CR Western Cape City East London C Eastern Cape City Bloemfontein/Botshabelo CA Free State City Pietermaritzburg C KwaZulu-Natal City Richards Bay C KwaZulu-Natal City Polokwane C Limpopo City Nelspruit C Mpumalanga City Rustenburg C North West RegionalCentre1 Welkom RSC Free State RegionalCentre1 New Castle RSC KwaZulu-Natal RegionalCentre1 Tzaneen RSC Limpopo RegionalCentre1 Witbank RSC Mpumalanga RegionalCentre1 Klerksdorp/Stilfontein RSC North West RegionalCentre2 Butterworth RSC Eastern Cape RegionalCentre2 King Williams Town RSC Eastern Cape RegionalCentre2 Mthatha RSC Eastern Cape Port Shepstone/Margate 04RegionalCentre2 RSC Eastern Cape RegionalCentre2 Queenstown RSC Eastern Cape RegionalCentre2 Phuthaditjhaba RSC Free State RegionalCentre2 Estcourt RSC KwaZulu-Natal RegionalCentre2 Ladysmith RSC KwaZulu-Natal Port Shepstone/Margate 04RegionalCentre2 RSC KwaZulu-Natal RegionalCentre2 Stanger RSC KwaZulu-Natal RegionalCentre2 Vryheid RSC KwaZulu-Natal RegionalCentre2 Dennilton/Siyabuswa RSC Limpopo RegionalCentre2 Makhado RSC Limpopo RegionalCentre2 Makopane RSC Limpopo RegionalCentre2 Phalaborwa/Namakgale RSC Limpopo RegionalCentre2 Thohoyandou RSC Limpopo RegionalCentre2 Bushbuckridge RSC Mpumalanga RegionalCentre2 Dennilton/Siyabuswa RSC Mpumalanga RegionalCentre2 Hazyview RSC Mpumalanga RegionalCentre2 Middelburg RSC Mpumalanga

10 04RegionalCentre2 Secunda RSC Mpumalanga RegionalCentre2 Mmabatho RSC North West RegionalCentre2 Potchefstroom RSC North West RegionalCentre2 Kimberley RSC Northern Cape RegionalCentre2 Upington RSC Northern Cape RegionalCentre2 George RSC Western Cape RegionalCentre2 Paarl/Wellington RSC Western Cape RegionalCentre2 Worcester RSC Western Cape RegionalCentre3 Grahamstown RSC Eastern Cape RegionalCentre3 Bethlehem RSC Free State RegionalCentre3 Kroonstad RSC Free State RegionalCentre3 Bela Bela RSC Limpopo RegionalCentre3 Groblersdal RSC Limpopo RegionalCentre3 Bethal RSC Mpumalanga RegionalCentre3 Ermelo RSC Mpumalanga RegionalCentre3 Standerton RSC Mpumalanga RegionalCentre3 Lichtenburg RSC North West RegionalCentre3 Knysna RSC Western Cape RegionalCentre3 Mossel Bay RSC Western Cape RegionalCentre3 Oudtshoorn RSC Western Cape RegionalCentre3 Vredenburg RSC Western Cape ServiceTown Aliwal North ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Bizana ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Cradock ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Dimbaza ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Flagstaff ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Graaf-Reinet ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Jeffreys Bay ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Lusikisiki ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Matatiele Eastern Cape ServiceTown Middelburg (E.C.) ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Mount Frere ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Sterkspruit ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Stutterheim ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Wittlesea ST Eastern Cape ServiceTown Bothaville ST Free State ServiceTown Ficksburg ST Free State ServiceTown Harrismith ST Free State

11 06ServiceTown Hennenman ST Free State ServiceTown Ladybrand ST Free State ServiceTown Parys ST Free State ServiceTown Viljoenskroon ST Free State ServiceTown Wesselsbron ST Free State ServiceTown Dundee ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Eshowe ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Greytown ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Isithebe ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Kokstad ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Mandini ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Nqutu ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Pongola ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Richmond ST KZ KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Ulundi ST KwaZulu-Natal ServiceTown Giyani Limpopo ServiceTown Jane Furse ST Limpopo ServiceTown Lebowakgomo ST Limpopo ServiceTown Lephalale ST Limpopo ServiceTown Modimolle ST Limpopo ServiceTown Mookgophong ST Limpopo ServiceTown Mpheni ST Limpopo ServiceTown Musina ST Limpopo ServiceTown Thabazimbi ST Limpopo ServiceTown Xitlhtlani ST Limpopo ServiceTown Acornhoek Mpumalanga ServiceTown Balfour ST Mpumalanga ServiceTown Barberton ST Mpumalanga ServiceTown Delmas ST Mpumalanga ServiceTown Kamaqhekeza ST Mpumalanga ServiceTown Kriel ST Mpumalanga ServiceTown Lydenburg ST Mpumalanga ServiceTown Matsulu ST Mpumalanga ServiceTown Piet Retief ST Mpumalanga ServiceTown Hartbeesfontein ST A North West ServiceTown Hartbeesfontein ST B North West ServiceTown Hartswater ST North West ServiceTown Itsoseng ST North West ServiceTown Ledig ST North West ServiceTown Schweizer-Reneke ST North West

12 06ServiceTown Taung ST North West ServiceTown Vryburg ST North West ServiceTown Wolmaransstad ST North West ServiceTown De Aar ST Northern Cape ServiceTown Hartswater ST Northern Cape ServiceTown Kathu ST Northern Cape ServiceTown Kuruman ST Northern Cape ServiceTown Richmond ST NC Northern Cape ServiceTown Springbok ST Northern Cape ServiceTown Beaufort West ST Western Cape ServiceTown Ceres ST Western Cape ServiceTown Franschhoek ST Western Cape ServiceTown Grabouw ST Western Cape ServiceTown Hermanus ST Western Cape ServiceTown Malmesbury ST Western Cape ServiceTown Plettenberg Bay ST Western Cape ServiceTown Robertson ST Western Cape ServiceTown Swellendam ST Western Cape ServiceTown Vredendal ST Western Cape Table 2: Names of settlement types, the total population within each settlement as well as the number of settlement types per province Province Sum of L&N population Count of L&N Towns Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North West Northern Cape Western Cape Table 3: Summary table on the number and total population of Local and/or Niche Towns per province

13 2011 Population in cities & towns 77.82% 2011 Population in cities,towns & Settlements 89.56% Findings from recently conducted analyses made available on the StepSA platform, also illustrate the crucial role that these populated places, and especially city region areas play as economic engines and job baskets within South Africa. An estimated 57% of the formal economy alone is being generated in the City Regions. We add to the City Regions the network of Cities and major towns this includes more than 80% of the total South African economy. Table 4 provides an overview of the extent (land area in square kilometres), population and economic activity (using GVA as indicator) for the various categories of place. The magnitude of this is set out on Figure 1 above. Functional Settlement Type (CSIR/SACN 2013v2) Area_Km % of National Area Population 2011 % of National Population Service Economy (Service Sector GVA (xr1000)) Economic Activity (*Total GVA (xr1000)) Contribution to Formal Nat Econ Activity CityRegions % % % Cities % % % TOTAL CITIES % % % Regional Centres % % % ServiceTowns % % % TOTAL MAJOR TOWNS % % % Local or Niche Towns % % % Rural Nodes in High density areas % % % TOTAL SMALL TOWNS % % % High Density Settlements % % % Sparse Rural Areas % % % Dense Rural Areas % % % TOTAL REST OF SA % % % NATIONAL TOTALS % % % * GVA Total excludes Construction sector SOURCE: CSIR GAP 2013 based on StatsSA Census 1996,2001,2011; SACN/CSIR Settlement Typology 2013v2, CSIR TAT (Temporal Analyses Tool) 2013 Table 4: Comparative analyses of population and economic activity in South Africa (Van Huyssteen et al, 2013) For more information on the updated CSIR/SACN South African Settlement Typology contact: Elsona van Huyssteen, CSIR evhuyssteen@csir.co.za

14 References SACN, the Presidency and DCOG (2009). National Spatial Trends Overview. CSIR: Unpublished Report. SACN/CSIR Settlement Typology (2013). Spocter, M., van Huyssteen, E., Mans, G. and Green, C. (2010) Overview of Settlement Typologies in South Africa. Unpublished Report, CSIR. Van Huyssteen, E., le Roux, A. and Mans, G. (2013) Exploring the value of Settlement Typologies in Urban v/s Rural Definitions. Unpublished Presentation to the IUDF Urban/Rural Definition Working Group, 14 January Van Huyssteen, E., Manfred, G., Maritz, J., le Roux, A. and Nigidi, M. (2013) Update of the CSIR/SACN South African Settlement Typology. Unpublished Report, CSIR. Van Huyssteen, E., Mans, G. and Ngidi, M. (2013) Reaching development outcomes through a dedicated focus on cities, towns and settlements. StepSA Policy Brief Series: Policy Brief 3. Accessed at on 2 March Van Huyssteen, E., Mans, G., Maritz, J., van Niekerk, W., Le Roux, A., Green, C., et al. (2014). Regional and temporal dynamics of South African cities and towns. Unpublished PG research report. Pretoria: CSIR. Van Huyssteen, E; Biermann, S.; Naudé, A. and le Roux, A. (2009) Advances in Spatial Analysis to Support a more Nuanced Reading of the South African Space Economy, Urban Forum, 20 (2), ).