Dear Participants at the meeting On the subject of Earthquake Resilience in Metro Manila. Greetings from Hyogo, Japan Greetings from IRP

Transcription

1 Dear Participants at the meeting On the subject of Earthquake Resilience in Metro Manila Greetings from Hyogo, Japan Greetings from IRP

2 Kobe Earthquake in Jan. 1995

3 The Hanshin Awaji Earthquake , 5:46 M7.3 Source: Hyogo Prefecture 3

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5 Kobe City in 1946 (One year after WWⅡ)

6 Downtown in Kobe City (in 1946) (One year after WWⅡ)

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8 Reconstruction, Recovery and Preparedness: Lessons Learned from Japan s Experience --Towards Comprehensive Disaster Management in The Philippines and Japan February (Wed), 2015 Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines Shingo KOUCHI (Mr.) International Recovery Platform (IRP)

9 Map of Japan Kyoto Osaka Mt. Fuji Hyogo Tokyo Miyagi Pre. Ibaragi Nagasaki City Shimabara City Okinawa

10 Brief Introduction of Hyogo N KYOTO HYOGO KOBE OSAKA

11 UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction was held in Kobe, Hyogo in 2005.

12 Japan s Government System 3 Layers of Government National Government (Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet) 47 Prefectural Government (Governor is elected by the residents) Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.1 million Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million (Population data based on national census in 2011) 1,742 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government (Mayor is elected by the residents) (as of 22 February 2015)

13 Hazards Confronting Vulnerable Communities Cause Disasters Disasters Hazard (risk assessment) Vulnerability (societal conditions)

14 Less Disasters Disasters Hazard (risk assessment) Vulnerability (societal conditions) 14

15 Risk Management -- Risk Avoidance -- Risk Reduction -- Risk Transfer

16 Japan and Its Surroundings

17 Countermeasures taken in Japan Structural measures Earthquake Proofing Construction Sea walls, breakwater, dike, storm surge barrier etc. Seawalls against the tsunami Non-structural measures Knowledge, Awareness Early warning system, Evacuation buildings, Disaster education, For protecting both property and human lives High cost For protecting human lives Low cost TEXT BOOK Construction period: Long Implementation period: Short

18 Rebuilding Pre-existing Vulnerabilities United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP) A Tool for Building Back better

19 Building Back Better United Nations Disaster Management Training Programme (DMTP) A Tool for Building Back better

20 Community Planning (overall land use planning) Immediately after the Earthquake (Nishinomiya City) 20

21 Community Planning (overall land use planning) After Land Readjustment (Nishinomiya City) 21

22 Reconstruction Image(urban redevelopment project) 22

23 Reconstruction Image(Streetscape) Kobe City, immediate aftermath After reconstruction 23

24 The Holistic Approach to cope with Disasters -The Japanese Experience - (persons) The number of casualties and the missing caused by natural disasters in Japan Ise-wan Typhoon Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake 6481 East Japan EQ and Tsunami Approx (year) 24

25 Can We Expect the Unexpected? Natural Disasters -- Weather-Related Disasters (Typhoon, Cyclone, Heavy Rain, Flood ) -- Sudden Disasters (Earthquake, Volcanoes ) Earthquakes -- Active Fault-type EQ) -- Trench-type EQ) Manmade Disasters

26 Brief Introduction to Hyogo N KYOTO HYOGO KOBE OSAKA

27 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 HYOGO Jan. 17, 1995 KOBE M 7.3

28 Did People Expect The Unexpected?

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31 Hanshin Awaji Earthquake in ,434 people were killed and millions were injured.

32 1995 Kobe Earthquake (17 Jan. 1995, Mag. 7.3 ) was the Epoch-Making Turning Point Casualty Death: 6, % were killed by building collapse (crush and suffocation) Injured: 43,792 Damage to buildings Housing:639,686 units - 104,906 completely destroyed - 144,274 half destroyed Public buildings destroyed: 1579units Other buildings destroyed: 40,917 units Fire Fire outbreaks: 293 units 32

33 1995 Kobe Earthquake 6,434 deaths Direct loss : 5,520 Relevant loss : % immediately killed by building collapse surgeon general s report Prevention & Mitigation Preparedness Ensure Building Safety! Public Awareness Disaster Manager s Proper Action 33

34 Characteristics of Stricken Area Directly hit the Metropolitan area -Major Center for Government, Economic and Culture with 3.6million Capital of Prefecture -Local Governments (Prefecture, Cities) Headquarter were also heavily destroyed -Government Officials including Disaster Management Experts were also victims 34

35 Kobe Municipal Government Headquarter 35

36 HYOGO Prefectural Government Headquarter 36

37 Difficultly in Communication at HYOGO Prefecture Headquarter 37

38 Lesson 1 Delay of Immediate Response due to lack of information Damaged Headquarter Local Government Command initially paralyzed Destroyed almost all traffic system Telecommunication, even satellite telecommunication system were cut off due to power failure It took three days to grasp the entire picture of damage 38

39 National Countermeasure 1 Establishment of the Cabinet Information Collection Center Enhanced Governmental System -Minister of State for Disaster Management -Chief Cabinet Secretary for Crisis Management Development of Disaster Information System(DIS) -Early Estimation System -Emergency Measure Support System 39

40 Seismic Intensity Observation Point March, 2011 JMA: 600points, Local Gov. 3,800 (Before the 1995 Earthquake, 150points) Meteorological Agency Local Government 40

41 Lesson 2 Coordination among organizations Damage was too huge for local governments to cope with Local government could not request the National government or other agencies to help because headquarter itself was damaged Medical cooperation was not effective enough 41

42 National Countermeasure 2 Nation wide support system for disaster emergency response - National Police Agency, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Coast Guard and Self Defense Forces - Inter-Prefectures Mutual Support Agreement - Medical transport Action Plan - Designation of Emergency Hospital - Designation of Heliport 42

43 Japan s Government System 3 Layers of Government National Government (Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet) 47 Prefectural Government (Governor is elected by the residents) Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.1 million Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million (Population data based on national census in 2011) 1,742 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government (Mayor is elected by the residents) (as of 22 February 2015)

44 The National Government Cabinet Office Financial Services Agency Cabinet Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Fire and Disaster Management Agency National Public Safety Commission National Police Agency Cabinet Secretariat Ministry of Justice Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Finance Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Minister of State for Disaster Management Minister of State for Regulatory Reform, Administrative Reform, Regional Revitalization and Regional Government Minister of Economic and Fiscal Policy Minister of Okinawa and Northern Territories Affairs, Science and Technology Policy, Innovation, Gender Equality, Social Affairs and Food Safety Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Forestry Agency Japan Meteorological Agency Japan Coast Guard The Prime Minister is the Head of the Cabinet and, is the Chairman of the Central Disaster Management Council Ministry of the Environment Geographical Survey Institute Ministry of Defense 44

45 Organizational Chart of Central Disaster Management Council.

46 Case Study: Earthquake and Tsunami in Eastern Japan, March 11, 2011

47 Central Disaster Management Council (March 26, 2013)

48 Disaster Countermeasures Central Disaster Management Council chaired by the Prime Minister National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers & Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Semi-Public Sectors Annual Gov t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures to the National Diet Formulation of National Basic Disaster Management Plan for Disaster Prevention The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral) The Local Disaster Management Plan (e.g. Tokyo, Hyogo) Public Awareness Programs Basic Act 1961 Designation of Disaster Prevention Day 48

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51 Planning ahead--- Steps after Disaster Response -- Evacuation -- Search and Rescue -- Disaster Relief -- Temporary Housing -- Livelihood -- Reconstruction -- Recovery

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54 2011 Case: Earthquake and Tsunami in Eastern Japan, March 11,

55 Flow of Housing Recovery Process Disaster Evacuation Shelter Usually municipal buildings, schools, gymnasiums Transitional Shelter (temporary housing) Built using funds from central gov., organized by prefectural gov., construction contracted out to private companies Permanent Recovery Housing 1. Survivors build their own houses by themselves. 2. Survivors live in rental public housing with discount rent. 55

56 White Paper on Disaster Management published Every Year

57 Planning Before Disaster Strikes: Estimation of Damage The Effect of Countermeasures for Disaster Management/Disaster Reduction Complete closure of the doors of floodgate Resilient Measures to avoid overflow of seawalls Quick evacuation(70% 100%) Seismic Retrofitting of Buildings(82% 97%) Prevent furniture from falling/dropping(30% 100%) Initial fire extinguishing(0% 30~80%) These actions will lead to substantial damage reduction Action Programs for the Countermeasures against NankaiTrough Earthquake and Tsunami (tentative) Category Complete destruction No. of death No. of evacuees Amount of Damage Approx.37,000 buildings Approx.12,000 buildings Approx.29,000 people Approx.400 people Approx.170,000people Approx.100,000people 14

58 Making buildings more earthquake resistant Hyogo Prefecture Aseismic Reinforcement Promotion Plan The results of shaking table tests (by reproducing the quake of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake) Wooden houses constructed in 1975 Category Residential houses 78% 97% Public & commercial buildings 70% 92% Home Aseismic Reinforcement Promotion Project Support (auxiliary) for Simple Diagnostics Renovation planning Renovation work A house without aseismic reinforcement A house with aseismic reinforcement Provided by: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention Development of tsunami evacuation routes 58

59 The Power of Private Sectors. Balancing Public-Help, Mutual-Help and Self-Help.

60 Disaster Drill

61 Japan s Government System 3 Layers of Government National Government (Prime Minister is elected by the National Diet) 47 Prefectural Government (Governor is elected by the residents) Largest Prefecture: Tokyo 13.1 million Smallest Prefecture: Tottori 0.6 million (Population data based on national census in 2011) 1,742 Cities, Towns, Villages Municipal Government (Mayor is elected by the residents) (as of 22 February 2015)

62 Disaster Countermeasures Central Disaster Management Council chaired by the Prime Minister National Coordinating Body with all relevant Ministers & Japanese Red Cross, Public Broadcasting, Semi-Public Sectors Annual Gov t Official Report on Disaster Countermeasures The Cabinet must officially report the disaster countermeasures to the National Diet Formulation of National Basic Disaster Management Plan for Disaster Prevention The Disaster Management Operation Plan (Sectoral) The Local Disaster Management Plan Public Awareness Programs Basic Act 1961 Designation of Disaster Prevention Day 62

63 Disaster Management Cycle DISASTER 1Preparedness / Mitigation Hazard mapping, evacuation drill Organization Reinforcement Establishment of Disaster Management Plan Development of Early Warning System 2Emergency Response/Relief Dispatch of Rescue team Provision of Rescue supply 3Recovery Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Infrastructure Mental Health Care

64 The Holistic Approach to cope with Disasters -The Japanese Experience - (persons) The number of casualties and the missing caused by natural disasters in Japan Ise-wan Typhoon Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake 6481 East Japan EQ and Tsunami Approx (year) 64

65 Major changes of Regulation/Law Year Regulation and Law to be revised 1959 Ise-wan Typhoon Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act (1961) 1978 Miyagi-ken oki Earthquake Amendment of Building Standards Law (1981) 1995 Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake Minister for Disaster Management (2001) Act for Supporting Livelihood Recovery of Victims (1999) Upgrading to the Ministry of Defense (2007)

66 World s Mega Earthquakes in History 1957 Andreanof Islands EQ Mw Kamchatka EQ Mw Great East Japan EQ Mw Alaska EQ Mw Indian Ocean EQ Mw9.0 Pacific Ring of Fire 2010 Chilean EQ Mw Great Chilean EQ Mw9.5 Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo 66

67 Looking Backward and What s Next?

68 A Series of Earthquakes: late Edo Period ( )

69 Big Catfish Monster as an inducing factor, or a myth?

70 Could NOT Expected Unexpected

71 Ansei Earthquake and a Tsunami reached Osaka (Nov 5 th, 1854)

72 Tsunamis from Pacific Ocean (Nov. 1854)

73 Earthquake and Tsunami (Mar )

74 A network of 97 EQ detectors functioned 15 seconds in advance. 27 bullet trains stopped. No casuality.

75 Earthquake Early Warning System (Oct to date)

76 Know before the EQ occurs, And the icon is..

77 Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day was designated (June 2011)

78 Not March 11, but November 5.

79 Memorial Days of Disasters in Japan Disaster Prevention Day Sep (Ise-Wan Typhoon) 1 Sep (Tokyo EQ) Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day 11 March,2011 (Japan EQ & Tsunami) 5 Nov (Ansei EQ & Tsunami)

80 Today s status of Catfish (2014) ICON for Emergency Road Lessons Learned from 1995 Kobe EQ

81 Culture of Disaster Prevention, Culture of Safety

82 Proverb by Japanese Physics Scientist Dr. Torahiko TERADA ( ) 天災は忘れた頃にやってく る Natural Disasters will hit us by the Time people have forgotten about it 82

83 Culture of Prevention Culture of Safety

84 Private Sector s New Challenge

85 Public-private cooperation Clarification of self help / mutual help / public help roles

86 Promotion of public-private cooperation

87 Public-Private Partnership: Business Continuity Plan in Japan (2013)

88 The Challenges Ahead in Japan Planning Ahead in Hyogo How can we decrease casualties by possible Earthquakes! - Retrofit / Rebuild old existing houses & buildings - Affix furniture and adhere protective films on old windows - Encourage companies to make their own contingency plans etc. How can we decrease casualties by possible Tsunamis! - Distribute Tsunami Hazard Maps - Disseminate Tsunami Warning effectively - Ensure that people run immediately to safe place etc. How can we further decrease casualties by Typhoons & Floods! - Effective advance evacuation warnings for elderly & disabled - Distribute Flood Hazard Maps etc. 88

89 -Regional Planning -Social Infrastructure Works -Agriculture & Forestry -Health & Sanitation -Environment Meteorology Hydrology Seismology Volcanology Civil Protection & Relief National Coordinating Bodies Scientific & Engineering Research Local Gov ts, Communities, Mass Media, NGOs People

90 H.E. Mr.Benigno S.AQUINO III, President of the Republic of the Philippines met Mr. Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan. Discussed the Recovery (December 13, 2013)

91 Geological and Geographical Similarities, A similar range of Natural Disasters

92 What We Are NOT Sure About

93 Toward More Resilient Countries Against Disasters

94 Thank you very much for your attention. Shingo Kouchi (Mr.), Senior Recovery Expert of IRP (International Recovery Platform) Also, Government Official of Hyogo Pref. Japan