3.2.5: Japanese American Relations U.S. Entry into WWII. War in the Pacific

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1 3.2.5: Japanese American Relations U.S. Entry into WWII War in the Pacific

2 1920s 1930s Review USA Wilson s 14 Points...League of Nations Isolationism Economic Depression FDR Japan Emerging world power in Pacific Emperor with military establishment in charge of policy Expansion...Manchuria , full- scale Chinese invasion 1937

3 Japanese Expansion With the outbreak of war in Europe, Japan saw an opportunity to dominate Asian affairs, however, since the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 the United States became suspicious of the Japanese.

4 Japanese Expansion In the summer of 1937 Japan renewed their attack on China. In response to Japanese aggression the United States decided to cancel their long-standing commercial treaty with Japan. This allowed the USA to impose trade restrictions that seriously affected Japanese industry.

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7 War in the Pacific When Japan signed the Tripartite Pact in 1940 (which created the Axis Powers), the United States began to freeze Japanese assets and cut off oil supplies.

8 War in the Pacific Despite the US pressure, Japan occupied the Northern part of French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.) in 1940 when France surrendered to Nazi Germany.

9 War in the Pacific The United States condemned the seizure of French Indochina, & responded with an economic embargo on fuel, iron and scrap metal to Japan. In addition, Roosevelt moved the American Pacific fleet to the naval base at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii as a display to Japan of American military power.

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11 War in the Pacific July of 1941 Japan announced their plans to eliminate Western influence in Asia and laid out a blueprint for a Japanese empire in Southeast Asia. Japan needed resources(oil, rubber)had determined that war with the USA was unavoidable and that the only way to defeat the Americans was to hit them with a surprise attack.

12 War in the Pacific American President, Franklin Roosevelt, responded by putting a "freeze" on all Japanese assets (property and money) in the USA The USA also demanded that Japan withdraw from Indochina and from China itself. Japan was faced with a tough choice: to fight or negotiate.

13 War in the Pacific Tojo's government did send representatives to Washington in 1941 to negotiate The Japanese offered to withdraw their troops from Indochina if the Americans would resume economic relations with Japan. Japan insisted, however that it be allowed to occupy China The USA rejected these proposals.

14 War in the Pacific These negotiation were merely a smoke-screen for the Japanese however, the decision to launch a surprise attack on the USA had been made months earlier.

15 The Attack on Pearl Harbour Shortly after dawn on December 7, 1941 more that 600 Japanese aircraft were launched from six aircraft carriers steaming across the Pacific Ocean. Their target was the American air and naval bases at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

16 The Attack on Pearl Harbour Bombs screamed down, torpedoes hit their targets - and almost immediately aircraft on landing strips exploded and battleships began to sink at their moorings. Thirty minutes later a second wave of Japanese planes completed the work of destruction: there were about 3700 American casualties.

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18 The Attack on Pearl Harbour The most immediate impact of the Pearl Harbour attack was the entry of the United States into the war on the side of the Allies

19 Japanese Advance Pearl Harbor appeared to be a huge success for Japan. It was followed by rapid Japanese conquests in Hong Kong, Singapore, Burma, the Philippines, Malaya and New Guinea. Japanese expansion was at its greatest in June 1942

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21 American Advances Despite heavy losses at Pearl Hr, by May and June 1942 the USA struck back at Japan in the Battle of the Coral Sea off eastern New Guinea & at Midway Island in the Central Pacific

22 Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942 USA stopped Japan from seeking to control the Coral Sea with an invasion of Port Moresby in southeast New Guinea The first air-sea battle in history where participating warships never sighted or fired directly at each other The lead role was played by aircraft launched from ships at sea While vital aircraft carriers were lost by both countries, losses weakened Japanese strength for future battles

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25 Battle of Midway, June 1942 Hoping to capture Midway Island in the central Pacific from the USA, Japan attacked on June 4, 1942

26 Battle of Midway, June 1942 This battle was the turning point in the Pacific War as the Americans sank four Japanese aircraft with over 300 aircraft and over five thousand sailors The Americans gained the offensive here and began the long fight to liberate the Pacific from Japanese control