Macedon. History 290 Oakton Community College November 7, 2011

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1 Macedon History 290 Oakton Community College November 7, 2011

2 Philip of Macedon BC Alexander the Great BC Hellenistic Period BC

3 Macedon

4 Chalcidice Thrace Thessaly Olynthus Potidea Amphipolis Chersonesus Pydna Methone Charonea Pella Phocis Pherae Important places

5 Problems with Macedonian History 1. Demosthenes branded Macedonians as barbarians 2. Location 1. Turkish occupation 2. Instability 3. Disputes 3. Philip s image

6 Sources 1. Topography 2. Archaeology 3. Literary 1. Thucydides 2. Isocartes and Aeshines 3. Diodorus 4. Hellenistic sources 1. Papyrus 2. Fragments from Roman writers 5. All biased

7 Geography 1. Balkan Peninsula 1. Continental 1. Cold winters 2. hot summers 3. Narrow range of mean monthly rainfall 2. Mediterranean 1. Moderate 2. Generally warmer 3. More variation in rainfall

8 Natural Resources 1. Good rainfall 2. Rivers 3. Arable land 4. forests 5. Minterals 1. Gold and silver 2. No copper or tin 3. Primitive mining technology

9 Early Macedonian History Neolithic Bronze Age Mycenaean Age A disorganized state with a poorly trained, primitive army, and constant violence struggles over succession, and surrounded by similar, warlike nations north and west, Illyria east, Thrace south, Thessaly

10 Macedonians Origins obscure Temenus, a relative of Hercules Ancestors of Perdiccas Argos Makes them all Hellenes or does it? Ethic identity language Culture Political, social, economic Contemporary beliefs

11 Political Institutions Centered On King Personal Charisma And Ability Personal Powers Alliances Rituals and Festivals Foreign Policy Appointed Own Successor Input by royal family, important nobles and military chiefs

12 Kings Alexander I Sister, Gygaea, married Persian commander Earth and water Submitted to Mardonius in 492 First Persian War Timber to Athens With Persians at Plataea Perdiccas II Persia and Athens Amphipolis Archelaus Turning south Pella

13 Illyrian alliance Eurydice Alexander Perdiccas Philip Alliances Wreath - Vergina Amyntas III

14 Alexander II 370/69 368/7 Ptolemy Military reform Alliances Thebes Hostages Killed by Ptolemy Issues foreign alliances to maintain power, dynastic turmoil, poorly trained military

15 Ptolemy Regent Perdiccas Philip Forced Theban alliance Assassinated 365

16 Perdiccas III Alliances Amphipolis Death in Illyrian invasion in 360/59

17 Philip II of Macedon Goals Consolidation Expansion Methods Military Diplomatic

18 Philip II Chaos Threats Pretenders Thrace Athens Illyrians Paeonians Control by 358 Amphipolitan coin Early 4 th century

19

20

21 Chersonesus

22

23 Military Reform Equipment Sarissa Small shields peltasts not hoplites Metal helmet Short sword Phalanx Cavalry Siege engines catapult Discipline and morale Example New title Pezhetairoi Hetairoi Pages Recruits Hostages Force and negotiation

24 Deep phalanx with sarissas

25 Expansion Amphipolis Pydna Philippi Battle of the Crocus Field Results 3 rd Sacred War

26 Athens Trials and tyrants Economic devastation from war Building 2 nd Athenian League Ignore Philip at own cost

27 Social War /4 Revolt from 2 nd Athenian League Caria and Mausolus Issues with Athens Samos Cos, Rhodes, Chios Revolt Peace Artaxerxes III

28

29 Mausoleum

30

31 Peace of Philocrates 346 Athens yields Amphipolis Agrees that Phocis and Thrace are excluded from treaty Athens and 2 nd Athenian League become allies of Philip and his descendants

32 Thrace Athenian grain fleet 340 Athens, Megara, Messenia Charonea League of Corinth 338 Assassination 336

33 Changes in the polis Political theory Plato Aristotle Dionysius I of Syracuse

34 Alexander the Great Sources Inheritance Conquest 334 BC Granicus River 333 BC Issus Gordium 331 BC Gaugamela Alexandria 326 BC - India

35 Themes East to the sea Divinity - despotism Fusion Military Marriage administration

36 Legacy Hellenism Language Culture economy Polis to kingdom

37

38 Successors Ptolemy Egypt, Ancestor of Cleopatra VII Seleucus Babylonia, East to India Antigonus Macedonia, Greece

39 Seleucus

40 Antigonus

41 Pella

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