Greek Study Charts 1 January 2, Summary of Art

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1 Greek Study Charts 1 Summary of Art Political Leaders and Events Cultural and Scientific Developments Geometric and Archaic Periods Pythagoras (Ionia ) BC Homer (c 750 BC - wrote Iliad and Odyssey- epics of indivdual greatness 776 BC 1st Olympic games BC

2 Greek Study Charts 2 Classical Period BC Early (Severe) (Transitional) BC 490- Battle of Marathon 480 Persians under XERXES defeated SPARTANS at THERMOPYLAE Athens sacked and burned Athens defeated Persians in naval battle at Bay of SALAMIS Athens defeated Persians with combined Greek forces at the land battle of PLATEA 477 DELIAN LEAGUE founded c PERICLES ruled Athens (Periclean Age ) 454 Delian League Treasury moved to Athens Socrates BC Plato BC Aristole BC Hippocrates-Father of Medicine Persians sack Athens in 480 BCPericles Rebuilding of Acropolis High (Mature) Late BC BC PELOPONNESIAN WAR between Athens and Sparta Athens fell to Sparta End of Athenian Empire PHILLIP OF MACEDONIA gained control of Greek peninsula 336 Phillip Assassinated Son, ALEXANDER THE GREAT succeeded as King of Greece Alexander the Great conquered Near East, Asia Minor, Persia, and India

3 Greek Study Charts 3 Hellenistic Period BC Hellenistic BC Classical Period BC Alexander's general divided the Empire PTOLEMIES: Egypt SELEUCIDS: Syria and Palestine ATTALIDS: Pergamon Attalus I, King of Pergamon Defeated Gauls in Galatia Allied kingdom with Rome Patron of the 1st school of Pergamese sculpture EUMENES II, King of Pergamon Defeated Gauls Patron of 2nd school of Pergamese sculpture Late (Greco - Roman) 146 Corinth destroyed by Rome Roman conquest of Greece ATTALUS III, King of Pergamon Willed kingdom to Rome BC 129 Pergamon became Roman province 86 Athens sacked by Romans under Sulla

4 Greek Study Charts 4 Summary of Minoan to Greek Vase Painting and Mosaics Period Typical Examples Stylistic Characteristic Artists Early Minoan Ceramics Mochlos stoneware Apparently copied from Egyptian peices of the!st - 4th dynasties Clay pots with incised geometric patterns Middle Minoan Ceramics Eggshell ware Simple, curvilinear patterns painted dark on light Silhouette of light abstract forms on dark ground c. 200 foundation of old places invention of potter's wheel J141 Kamares, from Phaistos, c 1800 BC Full polychromed Natural forms simplified into spirals integrated with shape of vessel Late Minoan Ceramics J144 Octopus jar c 1500 BC Tendency toward naturalism increased. Motifs such as dolphins, seaweed, octopuses Silhouette of dark forms on light ground Later - became increasingly stiff and abstract Mycenaean Ceramics

5 Greek Study Charts 5 Period Typical Examples Stylistic Characteristic Artists Greek Geometric Vase Painting G5-2 Dipylon Vase (Geometric amphora), from the Dipylon cemetery, 8th c BC, apx 61" high. NatArchMus, Athens Minoan curvilinear forms replaced by rectilinear shaped organized in tight bands to cover most of the vessel surface. Rigidly formal Macmillan Painter G5-3 Geometric krater, from the Dipylon cemetery, 8th c BC, apx 40 1/2" high,, Met, NYC G5-2 Dipylon Vase = key moment in Greek art 1) reintro of human figure and 2) figures used for pictorial narrative G5-4 The Blinding of Polyphemus and Gorgons (proto-attic amphora), from Eleusis, c BC.,apx 56" high, Archeological Museum, Eleusis Design bands contain and compress the form Some old conventions still apparent : all legs of horses shown, multiple views of figure Orientalizing Period = Late Geometric/ early archaic motifs like, sphinxes, lions, griffins, oriental animals and composite monsters i beginning diffusion and achievement of universal popularity of the Homeric epics in Greece Loose arrangement of narrative of motifs, almost casual, shapes mostly curvilinear Archaic Vase Painting G5-6 ERGOTIMOS and KLEITAS, The François Vase (Attic black-figure krater), from Chiusi, c 575 BC. Apx 26" high. (finest example of Archaic krater) G5-7 EXEKIIAS, Dionysos in a Sailboat (interior of an Attic black-figure kylix), from Vulci, c BC, 12" in diameter. G5-8 ANDOKIDES PAINTER, Herakles and Apollo Struggling for the Tripod, (amphora), c 530 BC., whole vessel apx 23" high. G5-9 EUPHRONIOS, Herakles Strangling Antaios, (krater), from Cerveteri, c510 BC., vessel apx 19" high. Archaic human figure became the subject of intense analytical study for the first time Emphasis on pictorial subject; mythology, legend everyday life First defined personalities in the history of art Man for the first time became subject of intense anaytical study Black figure pottery On Exekiias, Dionysos in a Sailboat,new awareness of the physical presence of nature c530 BC- invention of Red-figure pottery by Andokides Painter Psiax pushed black figure to its limit ERGOTIMOS and KLEITAS, The François Vase ( ANDOKIDES PAINTER EUPHRONIOS - first to devote himself seriously to the study of anatomy EUTHYMIDES - less concerned with anatomical decscription tan of foreshortening and showing figures from differnt viewoints. (3/4 view of figure) BRYGOS - first true contrapposto EXEKIIAS PSIAX G5-10 EUTHYMIDES Revelers, from Vulci, c BC Apx 24" high, G5-11 BRYGOS PAINTER Revelers, (kylix), from Vulci, c 490 BC apx 13" wide.

6 Greek Study Charts 6 Classical Vase Painting G5-60 NIOBID PAINTER, Argonaut Krater, from Orvieto, c BC. Outline drawing at right indicates relation to whole vessel. Portion shown apx 15" high, whole vessel apx 21" high. Louvre, Paris. G5-61 PHIALE PAINTER, Hermes Bringing the Infant Dionysos to Papposilenos (krater), from Vulci, c BC. Apx 14" high. Vatican Museums, Rome. Hellenistic Period

7 Greek Study Charts 7 Summary of Greek Architecture Typical Examples Stylistic Characteristics and Order Archaic Periods ( BC) Classical Period BC Parthenon Erechtheion Temples of Athena Nike, Poseidon, Concord, Segesta Temple of the Olympian Zeus Iktinos Kallikrates Mnesikles Preference for large public buildings Hellenistic Period BC

8 Greek Study Charts 8 Summary of Greek Sculpture Typical Examples Stylistic Characteristics Artists Geometric Period BC G5-12 Geometric bronze warrior (front and back views) from the Acropolis, Athens, late 8th c BC, Bronze, apx 8" high, NatArchMus, Athens G5-13 Mantiklos "Apollo" (front and back views), from Thebes, c 680 BC, Bronze, apx 8" high, MusFineArts, Boston

9 Greek Study Charts 9 Archaic Period BC G5-14 Hera, from Samos, c. 560 BC, Marble, apx 6'4" high. Louvre, Paris G5-16 Kroisos (Kouros), from Anavysos, c 540 BC, c BC, marble, apx 6'4" high. NatArchMus, Athens Greek Archaic elements of the closed contour, the grimmacing mask, the frontality serene majesty of Apollo at Olympia Greek preoccupation with the harmonious proportions or idealized humanity. Ionian elaboration of drapery lines G5-17 Peplos Kore, from the Acrospolis, Athens, c 530 BC Marble, apx 48" high, Acropolis Mus, Athens G5-15 Kouros from Tenea, c 570 BC, Marble, apx 60" high, Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek, Munich. G5-18 Kore from Chios (?), c 510 BC Marble, apx 21 1/2" high, Acropolis Mus, Athens

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11 Greek Study Charts 11 Early Classical (Transitional) Period BC G5-19 Kritoios Boy (front and side views), from the Acropolis, Athens, c 480 BC., Marble, apx 34" high, Acropolis Museum, Athens. G-34 RIiace Bronzes, Warrior Figure, BC. Bronze, silver teeth and eyelashes, copper lips and nipples; each figure 6'1" high. Archeological Museum, Reggio Calabria G5-37 The Charioteer of Delphi from the Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi, c 470 BC, Bronze, apx 5'11" high. Archaeological Museum, Delphi. G5-38 Myron, Discobolos, c 450 BC G5-40 Apollo, from the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, c BC, Marble, height of Apollo 10'2". Archaelogical Museum, Ollympi G5-46 Dionysos (Herakles?), from the east pediment of the Parthenon, Marble, over lifesize, British Museum, London, c BC 5-47 Three Goddesses, from the east pediment of the Parthenon, Marble, over lifesize, British Museum, London, c BC G5-49 Horsemen, from the west frieze of the Parthenon, Marble, apx. 43" high, British Museum, London,

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13 Greek Study Charts 13 High Classical (Mature) Period G5-63 Aphrodite of Cyrene, fromnorth Africa, c. 100 BC (?), Marble, apx 56" high, Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome. Figures move in 2D Idealism Canon of Polykleitos Myron- 5th Polykleitos- 5th Phidias- 5th BC

14 Greek Study Charts 14 Late Classical Period BC G5-64 Attributed to SCOPAS, Warrior's Head, fromthe Temple of Athena Alea at Tegea, Greece, c. 350 BC (?), Marble, apx 11 3/4" high, NatArch Mus, Athens Figure move in 2D Naturalism By the end of there is the Canon of Lysippos and figure moves in 3D Praxiteles- 4th Lysippos- 4th Scopas- 4th Boethos G5-65 Mausolus, fromthe mausoleum at Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey), c. 355 BC (?), Marble, apx 9" 10" high BritMus, London G5-66 LYSIPPOS, Apoxyomenos. Roman copy after a bronze original of c. 330 BC (?), Marble, apx 6' 9" high, Vatican Mus, Rome G5-67 LYSIPPOS, (?) Athlete (The Getty Bronze) late 4th c BC, Bronze, apx 6' high, J. Paul Getty Museum. Malibu, California G5-68 Antikythera Youth,arrior's Head, late 4th c BC, found in the sea off Antikythera,Greece, Bronze, 6' 4" high, NatArch Mus, Athens G5-73 Phillip of Macedon (?), from Vergina, c 350 BC, Ivory, 1 1/4" high.

15 Greek Study Charts 15 Hellenistic Period BC G5-75 Nike of Samothrace, c 190 BC. Marble, apx 8' high. Louvre, Paris Temple of the Olympian Zeus Bryaxis Agesander, Athenadorus, and Polydorus of Rhodes G5-76 Dying Gaul Roman marble copy after a bronze original from Pergamon of c 240 BC. 1st School of Pergamon 2nd School of Pergamon G5-78 Athena Taking Young Alcyoneos by the Hair, from the frieze of the Altar of Zeus and Athena, Pergamon, c 175 BC. Marble, 7'6" high. Staatliche Museen, Antiken- Sammlung, East Berlin (West front restored) 5-79 Laocoön group, 1st c BC - 1st c AD, Marble, 8' high,

Greek Study Charts FEMALE freestanding Sculpture 1 January 2, Summary of Greek Female Sculpture

Greek Study Charts FEMALE freestanding Sculpture 1 Summary of Greek Female Sculpture Typical Examples Stylistic Characteristics Artists Geometric Period 900-700 BC Greek Study Charts FEMALE freestanding