TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

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1 UDK ISSN FACULTY OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT OPATIJA, CROATIA University of Rijeka Sveučilište u Rijeci TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT WIFI ÖSTERREICH WIRTSCHAFTSKAMMER TOUR. HOSP. MANAG., Vol. 11, No. 1, 2005, PP. VIII+1-381, WIEN/OPATIJA, MARCH, 2005 Izdavači / Publishers:

2 WIFI Österreich Wirtschaftsförderungsinstitut der Bundeskammer der gewerblichen Wirtschaft, Wiedner Hauptstraße 63, A-1045 Wien University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija Primorska 42, p.p. 97, HR Opatija Urednički odbor / Editorial Board: Prof. dr. sc. Evangelos Christou, Higher Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece Prof. dr. sc. Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija, Hrvatska Prof. dr. sc. Peter Jordan, Österreichisches Ost- und Südosteuropa Institut, Wien, Austria Prof. dr. sc. Fotis Kilipiris, Higher Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece Prof.dr.sc. Michael Koniordos, Greek Open University, Athens, Greece Prof. dr. sc. Hartmut Luft, Fachhochschule Wilhelmshaven, Deutschland Prof. dr. sc. Josef Mazanec, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Austria Prof. dr. sc. Sofronija Miladinoski, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, Macedonia Prof. dr. sc. Ludmila Novacká, University of Economics, Bratislava, Slovakia Prof. dr. sc. Franc Pauko, Faculty of Economics & Business Maribor, Slovenia Prof. dr. sc. Harald Pechlaner, Universität Innsbruck, Austria Prof. dr. sc. Milena Peršić, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija, Hrvatska Prof.dr.sc. Stevan Popović, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management Kotor, SiCG Prof. dr. sc. Gordana Rechkoska, University of Bitola «St. Kliment Ohridski», Ohrid, Macedonia Prof. dr. sc. Ilija Rosić, University of Kragujevac, SiCG Prof. dr. sc. Rudolf Ruzicka, WIFI Österreich, Austria Prof. dr. sc. Josef Sala, Akademia Ekonomiczna w Krakowie, Poland Prof. dr. sc. Marianna Sigala, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom Otmar Sorgenfrei, Fondation Nestle pro Gastronomia, Vevey, Switzerland Prof. dr. sc. Snežana Štetić, University of Novi Sad, SiCG Prof. dr. sc. Paris Tsarta, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece Prof. dr. sc. Shapour Zafarpour, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Austria Prof. dr. sc. Rudolf O. Zucha, Universität Wien, Austria Glavni i odgovorni urednik / Editor-in-Chief: Prof. dr. sc. Zoran Ivanović Tehnički urednik / Technical Editor: Doc. dr. sc. Helga Maškarin Adresa uredništva / Address of the Editorial Office: University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija Primorska 42, p.p. 97, Opatija, Croatia tel. 051/ , fax. 051/ THM@fthm.hr Broj žiro računa / Account number: Časopis izlazi dva puta godišnje Tourism and Hospitality Management is published two times a year Godišnja pretplata 100 kn (za studente 50 kn), za inozemstvo 40 US$. Pojedinačni primjerak 50 kn, a za inozemstvo 20 US$. The annual subscription 40 US$. The price of a single copy for foreign countries 20 US$. Izdano uz financijsku potporu Ministarstva znanosti i tehnologije Republike Hrvatske Tekstovi objavljeni u časopisu referiraju se u publikacijama: Articles published in T&HM are referred by: CAB INTERNATIONAL, WALLINGFORD, OXON, OX 10 8DE, UK JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A. Naklada 1000 primjeraka / printed in 1000 copies Tisak / Printed by: Fintrade & tours d.o.o, Rijeka

3 UDK ISSN FACULTY OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT OPATIJA, CROATIA Sveučilište u Rijeci University of Rijeka TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Tematski broj Rezultati istraživanja na projektu: «UPRAVLJANJE POSLOVNIM REZULTATOM HOTELSKE INDUSTRIJE HRVATSKE» (Projekt MZOŠ RH br ) Glavni istraživač: prof. dr. sc. Ivanka Avelini Holjevac WIFI ÖSTERREICH WIRTSCHAFTSKAMMER TOUR. HOSP. MANAG., Vol. 11, No. 1, 2005, PP. VIII+1-381, WIEN/OPATIJA, MARCH, 2005

4 U ovom se broju publiciraju rezultati istraživanja na Projektu br , Ministarstva znanosti i tehnologije (sada Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i športa), ugovorenom 22. kolovoza godine (Ugovor: Klasa /01-8/39; Ur.broj: i Aneks I - popis istraživača) Tema: UPRAVLJANJE POSLOVNIM REZULTATOM HOTELSKE INDUSTRIJE HRVATSKE Glavni istraživač: Prof. dr. sc. Ivanka Avelini Holjevac Istraživači: Doc. dr. sc. Vlado Galičić Doc. dr. sc. Sandra Janković Doc. dr. sc. Suzana Marković Doc. dr. sc. Helga Maškarin Dr. sc. Mislav Šimundić Mr. sc. Dubravka Vlašić Mr. sc. Ana Marija Vrtodušić Hrgović Kristina Črnjar Redakcija: Prof. dr. sc. Zoran Ivanović Recenzenti: Prof. dr. sc. Stevan Popović /SiCG/ Prof. dr. sc. Ludmila Novacká /Slovačka/

5 ISSN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT God./Jg./Vol.11 Broj/Nr./No.1 Opatija/Wien,2005. Tematski broj/ Thema/Theme UPRAVLJANJE POSLOVNIM REZULTATOM HOTELSKE INDUSTRIJE HRVATSKE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN THE CROATIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY SADRŽAJ/ INHALT/ CONTENTS IVANKA AVELINI HOLJEVAC IZVJEŠĆE O PROJEKTU. 1 PROJECT REPORT. 11 I. REZULTATI PRVE GODINE ISTRAŽIVANJA RESULTS OF THE FIRST YEAR OF RESEARCH VLADO GALIČIĆ POSTOJEĆE STANJE ORGANIZIRANOSTI POSLOVNIH I PROCESNIH FUNKCIJA HOTELA CURRENT ORGANISATIONAL STATUS OF BUSINESS AND PROCESS HOTEL FUNCTIONS.. 23 SANDRA JANKOVIĆ NEDOSTACI RAČUNOVODSTVENOG EVIDENTIRANJA POSLOVNOG REZULTATA U HOTELSKOJ INDUSTRIJI SHORTCOMINGS OF PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTING IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY.. 35

6 SUZANA MARKOVIĆ KVALITETA USLUGA U HOTELSKOJ INDUSTRIJI: KONCEPT I MJERENJE SERVICE QUALITY IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY: CONCEPTS AND MEASUREMENT HELGA MAŠKARIN ANALIZA POSTOJEĆEG STANJA PRAĆENJA I VREDNOVANJA POSLOVNOG REZULTATA HRVATSKE HOTELSKE INDUSTRIJE ASSESSING AND EVALUATING PERFORMANCE IN CROATIA S HOTEL INDUSTRY STATE OF THE ART. 69 MISLAV ŠIMUNIĆ ULOGA, MJESTO I INTERPRETACIJA INFORMACIJE U KONTEKSTU STVARANJA INFORMACIJSKIH MODELA KAO WEB ČVOROVA ROLE, POSITION AND INTERPRETATION OF INFORMATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CREATING INFORMATION MODELS AS WEB CLUSTERS DUBRAVKA VLAŠIĆ PREGLED RAČUNOVODSTVENIH METODA OBUHVAĆANJA LIZINGA OVERVIEW OF ACCOUNTING METHODS IN LEASING ANA MARIJA VRTODUŠIĆ HRGOVIĆ UPRAVLJANJE POTPUNOM KVALITETOM U HOTELSKOJ INDUSTRIJI TQM IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY KRISTINA ČRNJAR PROCJENJIVANJE RADNE USPJEŠNOSTI U HOTELSKOJ INDUSTRIJI EMPLOYEE S PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY. 135

7 II. REZULTATI DRUGE GODINE ISTRAŽIVANJA RESULTS OF THE SECOND YEAR OF RESEARCH VLADO GALIČIĆ IZVOĐAČKI INFORMACIJSKI SUSTAV KAO TEMELJ PREUSTROJA POSLOVNIH I PROCESNIH FUNKCIJA HOTELA EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AS THE BASIS FOR RESTRUCTURING BUSINESS AND PROCESS HOTEL FUNCTIONS SANDRA JANKOVIĆ TEORETSKE PRETPOSTAVKE I DEFINIRANJE KONCEPTUALNOG OKVIRA OBRAČUNA TROŠKOVA PROCESA ACTIVITY-BASED ACCOUNTING: THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. 161 SUZANA MARKOVIĆ KVANTITATIVNA PRIMJENA SERVQUAL MODELA U HOTELSKOJ INDUSTRIJI QUANTITATIVE APPLICATION OF THE SERVQUAL MODEL IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY HELGA MAŠKARIN ZADOVOLJSTVO POSLOM ZAPOSLENIKA U HOTELSKOJ INDUSTRIJI HRVATSKE EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN CROATIA S HOTEL INDUSTRY MISLAV ŠIMUNIĆ UPRAVLJANJE POSLOVNIM REZULTATOM PROGRAMSKI UPRAVLJIVIM WEB ČVOROM, TEMELJENOM NA ANALIZI LOG DATOTEKE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT WITH PROGRAM-MANAGED WEB CLUSTER BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF LOG FILE DUBRAVKA VLAŠIĆ UTVRĐIVANJE POSTOJEĆEG STANJA NA PODRUČJU RAČUNOVODSTVA LIZINGA U HOTELIJERSTVU HRVATSKE CURRENT STATE OF LEASING ACCOUNTING IN CROATIA S HOTEL INDUSTRY

8 ANA MARIJA VRTODUŠIĆ HRGOVIĆ REZULTATI POSLOVANJA KAO ELEMENT SUSTAVA KVALITETE PERFORMANCE AS AN ELEMENT OF THE QUALITY SYSTEM KRISTINA ČRNJAR FAKTORI PRODUKTIVNOSTI RADA U HOTELSKOJ INDUSTRIJI HRVATSKE WORK PRODUCTIVITY FACTORS IN CROATIA S HOTEL INDUSTRY. 251 III. REZULTATI TREĆE GODINE ISTRAŽIVANJA RESULTS OF THE THIRD YEAR OF RESEARCH VLADO GALIČIĆ PREUSTROJ POSLOVNIH I PROCESNIH FUNKCIJA HOTELA RESTRUCTURING BUSINESS AND PROCESS HOTEL FUNCTIONS SANDRA JANKOVIĆ MODEL UVOĐENJA OBRAČUNA TROŠKOVA PROCESA U HOTELSKU INDUSTRIJU MODEL FOR INTRODUCING ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY SUZANA MARKOVIĆ KVALITATIVNA PRIMJENA SERVQUAL MODELA U HOTELSKOJ INDUSTRIJI QUALITATIVE APPLICATION OF THE SERVQUAL MODEL IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY HELGA MAŠKARIN MJERENJE UTJECAJA ZADOVOLJSTVA ZAPOSLENIKA POSLOM NA REZULTATE POSLOVANJA HOTELA MEASURING THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION ON HOTEL PERFORMANCE

9 MISLAV ŠIMUNIĆ UPRAVLJANJE POSLOVNIM REZULTATOM PROGRAMSKI UPRAVLJIVIM WEB ČVOROM, TEMELJENOM NA ANALIZI LOG DATOTEKE (IMPLEMENTACIJA DDWS MODELA PUTEM WLE PROGRAMSKOG RJEŠENJA) PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT WITH PROGRAM-MANAGED WEB CLUSTER BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF LOG FILE (IMPLEMENTATION OF DDWS MODEL) DUBRAVKA VLAŠIĆ IZRADA MODELA RAČUNOVODSTVENOG OBUHVAĆANJA LIZINGA U HOTELIJERSTVU HRVATSKE TE NJEGOVA OPTIMALIZACIJA DESIGNING AND OPTIMISING LEASING ACCOUNTING MODELS IN THE CROATIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY ANA MARIJA VRTODUŠIĆ HRGOVIĆ PRIJEDLOG MODELA ZA MJERENJE I OCJENJIVANJE REZULTATA POSLOVANJA HOTELA U SUSTAVU KVALITETE PROPOSED MODEL FOR MEASURING AND EVALUATING PERFORMANCE IN THE QUALITY SYSTEM KRISTINA ČRNJAR UPRAVLJANJE ZNANJEM U HOTELIMA KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN HOTELS. 373

10 Dr. sc. IVANKA AVELINI HOLJEVAC, redoviti profesor Fakultet za turistički i hotelski menadžment u Opatiji, Sveučilište u Rijeci IZVJEŠĆE O PROJEKTU «UPRAVLJANJE POSLOVNIM REZULTATOM HOTELSKE INDUSTRIJE HRVATSKE» Projekt je ugovoren sa Ministarstvom znanosti, obrazovanja i športa na rok trajanja od 3 godine tj. od do Na projektu je bilo ukupno angažirano 9 istraživača, uz glavnog istraživača i to: 1. dr. sc. Vlado Galičić, docent 2. dr. sc. Sandra Janković, docent 3. dr. sc. Suzana Marković, docent 4. dr. sc. Helga Maškarin, docent 5. dr. sc. Mislav Šimunić, viši asistent 6. mr. sc. Dubravka Vlašić, asistent. 7. mr. sc. Ana-Marija Vrtodušić Hrgović, asistent 8. Kristina Črnjar, asistent Radi se o mladim istraživačima, prosjek godina starosti 36. Rad na projektu realiziran je u 3 faze, u svakoj godini realiziran je dio projekta, tj. jedna faza. U nastavku se daje prikaz istraživačkih tema po pojedinom istraživaču u pojedinoj godini. Prva godina istraživanja: - Postojeće stanje organiziranosti poslovnih i procesnih funkcija hotela (Galičić) - Nedostaci računovodstvenog evidentiranja poslovnog rezultata u hotelskoj indutriji (Janković) - Kvaliteta usluga u hotelskoj industriji: koncept i mjerenje (Marković) - Analiza postojećeg stanja praćenja i vrednovanja poslovnog rezultata hrvatske hotelske industrije (Maškarin) - Uloga, mjesto i interpretacija informacije u kontekstu stvaranja informacijskih modela kao WEB čvorova (Šimunić) - Pregled računovodstvenih metoda obuhvaćanja lizinga (Vlašić) - Upravljanje potpunom kvalitetom u hotelskoj industriji (Vrtodušić Hrgović) - Procjenjivanje radne uspješnosti u hotelskoj industriji (Črnjar)

11 Druga godina istraživanja: - Izvođački informacijski sustav kao temelj preustroja poslovnih i procesnih funkcija hotela (Galičić) - Teoretske pretpostavke i definiranje konceptualnog okvira obračuna troškova procesa (Janković) - Kvantitativna primjena SERVQUAL modela u hotelskoj industriji (Marković) - Zadovoljstvo poslom zaposlenika u hotelskoj industriji Hrvatske (Maškarin) - Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom programski upravljivim Web čvorom, temeljenom na analizi log datoteke (Šimunić) - Utvrđivanje postojećeg stanja na području računovodstva lizinga u hotelskoj industriji Hrvatske (Vlašić) - Rezultati poslovanja kao element sustava kvalitete (Vrtodušić Hrgović) - Faktori produktivnosti rada u hotelskoj industriji Hrvatske (Črnjar) Treća godina istraživanja: - Preustroj poslovnih i procesnih funkcija hotela (Galičić) - Model uvođenja obračuna troškova procesa u hotelsku industriju (Janković) - Kvalitativna primjena SERVQUAL modela u hotelskoj industriji (Marković) - Mjerenje utjecaja zadovoljstva zaposlenika poslom na rezultate poslovanja hotela (Maškarin) - Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom programski upravljivim Web čvorom, temeljenom na analizi log datoteke implementacija DDWS modela putem WLE programskog rješenja (Šimunić) - Izrada modela računovodstvenog obuhvaćanja lizinga u hotelskoj industriji Hrvatske i njegova optimalizacija (Vlašić) - Prijedlog modela za mjerenje i ocjenjivanje rezultata poslovanja hotela u sustavu kvalitete (Vrtodušić Hrgović) - Upravljanje znanjem u hotelima (Črnjar) Radovi svih istraživača čine ukupno 342 stranice. Svi se radovi međusobno nadopunjavaju, produbljuju i proširuju, i čine cjelinu pod zajedničkim nazivom projekta «Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom hotelske industrije Hrvatske». Radovi su recenzirani od recenzenata: prof. dr. sc. Stevan Popović, Fakultet za za turizam i hotelski menadžment, Kotor, Srbija i Crna Gora, te prof. dr. sc. Ludmila Novacká, University of Economics, Bratislava, Slovačka. Svi su radovi svrstani u kategoriju znanstvenih radova.

12 SAŽETAK TEMATSKIH CJELINA PO ISTRAŽIVAČIMA Dr. sc. Vlado Galičić, docent Predmet istraživanja su dosadašnja teorijska i praktična dostignuća menadžmenta u organiziranju i izvršavanju poslovnih i procesnih funkcija u hotelu, sagledavanju posljedica tih praktičnih i teoretskih dostignuća na organizacijsku strukturu hotela u Hrvatskoj, ukazivanju na sredstva i način usavršavanja organizacije rada u hotelu, te utvrđivanju svih bitnih pretpostavki za uspješan preustroj poslovnih i procesnih funkcija hotela. Ciljevi istraživanja usmjereni su prema analizi postojećeg stanja organiziranosti poslovnih i procesnih funkcija, te utvrđivanje optimalnih organizacijskih oblika njihova izvođenja u hotelu. Ti će se optimalni organizacijski oblici očitovati u utvrđivanju organizacijskih potreba, analizi strukture poslovnih i procesnih funkcija i njihovog nužnog preustroja, te načinu i metodama zadovoljenja informacijskih potreba pojedinih hijerarhijskih razina menadžmenta. Izbor metoda istraživanja prilagođen je predmetu istraživanja, koja pripadaju u red primijenjenih istraživanja. Korištene su opće znanstvene (metode indukcije i dedukcije, metoda usporedbe, metode raščlanjivanja i sinteze, metoda deskripcija, normativna metoda, statističke metode) i posebne metode (kompleksna analitička metoda, metoda ocjenjivanja organizacije prema procesnim funkcijama). Rezultati istraživanja mogu se svesti pod činjenicu da je organizacijsko restrukturiranje uz adekvatnu primjenu modernih informacijskih tehnologija, preduvjet kvalitetnog preustroja poslovnih i procesnih funkcija hotela u kojem sudjeluju svi zaposleni, ali je za uspjeh odgovoran menadžment najviše razine. Nadalje, primjena informacijske tehnologije doprinosi smanjenju troškova poslovanja, povećanju kvalitete pruženih usluga i zadovoljstva gostiju. Rezultati istraživanja doprinijet će pomaku u smislu diversifikacije i detaljiziranja upravljanja poslovnim rezultatom hotela te primjeni principa i načela organizacijskog preustroja poslovnih i procesnih funkcija. Osim toga, rezultati mogu biti primjenjivi pri formuliranju strategije u oblikovanju modela ustroja hotela uvažavajući mnogobrojnost veza i odnosa s njegovim užim i širim okružjem, te potrebu da se naglasak stavi na racionalnost poslovanja i kvalitetu usluga, primjereno svjetskom i europskom hotelijerstvu. Dr. sc. Sandra Janković, docent U okviru ove dionice projekta utvrditi će se koji se zahtjevi postavljaju pred sustav mjerenja poslovnog rezultata u hotelskoj industriji. Sustav će se oblikovati na način da hotelskim menadžerima služi kao svrsishodan instrument upravljanja. Predmet istraživanja je metoda obračuna troškova procesa, koja kao integralni dio sustava mjerenja poslovnog rezultata, treba postati podrška novim konceptima upravljanja. Cilj istraživanja je postaviti konceptualni okvir za uvođenje sustava mjerenja troškova i učinaka (Cost and Performance Measurment System), koji će predstavljati

13 osnovu za poboljšanje rezultata poslovanja hotelskih poduzeća. U središtu tog sustava nalazi se obračun troškova procesa (eng. Activity-based Costing, njem. Prozeßkostenrechnung), koji postaje instrument upravljanja i osnova za donošenje strateških odluka. U skladu s novim zahtjevima ova metoda obračuna nadopunjava se vrijednosno i tržišno orijentiranim faktorima, integrira u sustav upravljanja troškovima i učincima, čime postaje jedan od glavnih instrumenata procesnog i vrijednosnog menadžmenta. Rezultati istraživanja: U radu se polazi od slijedeće hipoteze: uz pomoć integriranog sustava obračuna troškova temeljem procesa moguće je hotelskim menadžerima pružiti informacijsku podlogu za racionalno korištenje resursa, kontinuirano poboljšanje procesa i poboljšanje poslovnog rezultata. Ova hipoteza potvrđena je metodom studija slučaja. Dr. sc. Suzana Marković, docent Predmet istraživanja je statističko mjerenje kvalitete usluga u hotelskoj industriji. Svrha i cilj ovog istraživanja su, u okviru ekonomskih znanosti istražiti najvažnije fenomene o kvaliteti i kvaliteti usluga, te o njenom mjerenju u hotelskoj industriji, znanstveno utemeljeno formulirati rezultate istraživanja (konceptualnog i empirijskog), te ispitati, na izabranom modelu, da li je najčešće korišteni model za mjerenje kvalitete usluga (SERVQUAL, Parasuraman et al., 1988.), ujedno i najpouzdaniji model za mjerenje kvalitete usluga u hotelskoj industriji. Stoga je i cilj ovog znanstvenog istraživanja ispitati pouzdanost i valjanost SERVQUAL modela (Parasuraman et al., 1988.) u hotelskoj industriji. Sukladno svrsi i cilju istraživanja postavljena je znanstvena hipoteza: znanstveno utemeljenim metodama i instrumentima za mjerenje kvalitete usluga, hotelski menadžeri mogu efikasno utjecati na poboljšanje kvalitete hotelskih usluga i zadovoljstvo hotelskih gostiju, kao i na poboljšanje ekonomskih performansi hotelskog poslovanja. Hipoteza je dokazana, a za njeno dokazivanje korištene su metode univarijatne, bivarijatne i multivarijatne (faktorska analiza i analiza pouzdanosti) statističke analize. Rezultati istraživanja: Rezultati kvantitativne primjene SERVQUAL modela u hotelskoj industriji pokazuju da su očekivanja hotelskih gostiju veća od njihove percepcije. To ukazuje na postojanje negativnog SERVQUAL jaza. Rezultati faktorske analize ukazuju na čistu faktorsku strukturu uz relativno visoke faktorske koeficijente. Trodimenzionalno rješenje ljestvice očekivanja rezultira sljedećim faktorima: pouzdanost, susretljivost i stručnost hotelskog osoblja i kvaliteta fizičkog izgleda. Ljestvicu percepcije također sačinjavaju tri faktora: susretljivost i stručnost hotelskog osoblja, pouzdanost i kvaliteta fizičkog izgleda. Metode istraživanja: Osim faktorske analize, provedena je i analiza pouzdanosti, te izračunata složena pouzdanost te konstrukcije. Rezultati pokazuju da svi faktori premašuju preporučenu razinu 0.50 (Hair et al., 1995), rangirajući se od 0.77 do Alpha koeficijent za ljestvicu očekivanja iznosi , dok je za ljestvicu percepcije nešto veći i iznosi Dakle, istraživanje je pokazalo da je SERVQUAL instrument, korišten u ovom istraživanju, visoko pouzdan.

14 Međutim, potrebna je i daljnja prilagodba i provjera instrumenta za ispitivanje, što uključuje i testiranje valjanosti instrumenta. Dr. sc. Helga Maškarin, docent Predmet je ovog istraživanja izučavanje i utvrđivanje prirode i jakosti veze između zadovoljstva zaposlenika poslom i rezultata poslovanja hotelskih poduzeća. Opći je cilj istraživanja dokazati postojanje te veze. Iz općeg cilja proizlaze i posebni ciljevi: utvrđivanje značaja mjerenja, vrednovanja i upravljanja rezultatom poslovanja hotelskih poduzeća; definiranje modela mjerenja i vrednovanja rezultata poslovanja hotelskih poduzeća, uvažavajući specifičnosti hotelske industrija, internacionalne standarde i najnovije znanstvene spoznaje; utvrđivanje značaja mjerenja zadovoljstva poslom u hotelskoj industriji; te konačno, utvrđivanje prirode i jakosti veze između zadovoljstva poslom i rezultata poslovanja u hotelskoj industriji. Znanstveno istraživanje, formuliranje i prezentiranje rezultata zahtijeva primjenu odgovarajućih kombinacija znanstvenih metoda istraživanja. Neke od njih jesu: induktivna i deduktivna metoda, metode analize i sinteze, metode apstrakcije i konkretizacije, metoda generalizacije i specijalizacije, metoda dokazivanja i opovrgavanja, komparativna metoda, metoda promatranja. Kao forma istraživanja korišten je standardizirani anketni upitnik, čiji su rezultati obrađivani i analizirani uz pomoć univarijatne statistike (deskriptivna statistika) i bivarijatne statistike (ANOVA, Mann Whitneyev test, Kruskal Wallisov test, Pearsonov i Spearmanov koeficijent korelacije). Cjelokupna je obrada podataka podržana programskim paketom za statističku analizu i obradu podataka SPSS Rezultati istraživanja: U prvom je dijelu istraživanja formiran konceptualni okvir mjerenja rezultata poslovanja hotelskih poduzeća na osnovu stavova managera hotelskih poduzeća, a bazirano na konceptu Balanced Scorecarda. Drugi je dio istraživanja utvrdio razinu zadovoljstva poslom zaposlenika po različitim dimenzijama ovog konstrukta. Istraživanje je u trećem dijelu povezalo dva temeljna konstrukta: zadovoljstvo poslom i rezultate poslovanja. Istraživanje je pokazalo da između svih dimenzija zadovoljstva poslom i rezultata poslovanja postoji slaba, no statistički značajna korelacija. Niski koeficijenti korelacije između rezultata poslovanja i zadovoljstva poslom, sugeriraju, međutim, da management mora iznalaziti i druga područja u kojima će djelovati u cilju povećanja rezultata poslovanja, i to takva u kojima će ta djelovanja donositi bolje rezultate.

15 Dr. sc. Mislav Šimunić, viši asistent Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je: Važnost multimedije i promocije, te njihova uloga i mjesto u kontekstu poslovanja putem Interneta, s naglaskom na analizu zakonitosti i principa komunikacije sa tržištem u sklopu promotivnih aktivnosti, gdje informacija u suvremenom poslovanju postaje sve dominantniji resurs, Web stranice kao multimedijski informacijski modeli, Web stranice i njihova dvostruka dinamičnost, Važnost praćenja tokova korištenja web stranica, njihova analiza, redizajn i reorganizacija, Log datoteka kao izvor podataka i temelj za analizu, Problematika izrade i karakteristike programa za analizu log datoteke, Teorijske i praktične postavke kao preduvjeti i temelji kvalitetne analize tokova korištenja MmIM-a, Analitičko i sustavno istraživanje tokova korištenja MmIM-a za prezentaciju nacionalnog turizma na Internetu (istraživanje na primjeru realnog sistema HTZ Web stranice. Cilj i zadaci istraživanja koji neposredno proizlaze iz predmeta istraživanja očituju se u definiranju dinamičkih razina web stranica kao MmIM-a, konstataciji postojećeg stanja i problematike, te u predlaganju rješenja, odnosno smjernica za sveobuhvatno i učinkovito praćenje, analiziranje, te naposljetku reakcija u smislu kreiranja i redizajniranje struktura modela za kvalitetnu i učinkovitu prezentaciju, kako općenito, tako i za prezentaciju nacionalnog turizma na Internetu, budući će se realno istraživanje vršiti na Web stranicama Hrvatske turističke zajednice kojima je cilj sustavno prezentirati nacionalnu turističku ponudu Republike Hrvatske. Metode istraživanja određene su samom problematikom, mogućnostima i okolnostima u kojima se istraživanja provode. U istraživanje će se krenuti s proučavanjem dostupne domaće i strane literature, koristeći pri tom povijesnu metodu sa svrhom proširenja i produbljivanja postojećih saznanja na teorijskom i praktičnom nivou. U dijelu rada koji se odnosi na konkretno analiziranje stanja u Hrvatskoj glede prezentacije nacionalnog turizma na Internetu, koristit će se kombinacija povijesne metode, normativne metode, metode analize. Rezultati istraživanja: Ovim se radom želi na znanstvenoj teorijskoj i praktičnoj razini ukazati na sljedeće: 1. Ne postoji model Web čvora sa definiranom dvostrukom dinamikom uz stalnu analizu log datoteke sa direktnim povratnim utjecajem na njegove dinamičke nivoe 2. Definiranjem i analizom tokova korištenja MmIM-a kroz analizu log datoteke skraćuje se vrijeme reakcije, kvalitetnije i sustavnije se reagira na tržišnu potražnju, a konstantno se prate suvremeni svjetski trendovi

16 Mr. sc. Dubravka Vlašić, asistent Predmet istraživanja dijela projekta "Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom hotelske industrije Hrvatske" su računovodstvene metode obuhvaćanja lizinga u hotelijerstvu Hrvatske te obujam njegovog korištenja. Cilj istraživanja je na temelju prikupljenih podataka kreirati model uvođenja lizinga u većem obujmu u hotelijerstvo Hrvatske, kako bi se iskoristile sve prednosti koje ova metoda financiranja pruža kroz pojedine oblike. Također, obzirom na specifičnost hotelijerstva, cilj je kreirati i izvještaj prema metodi Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI). Metode istraživanja korištene u dionici projekta su povijesna metoda istraživanja kojom su prikupljane informacije iz razne domaće i strane literature. Na povijesnu metodu nastavilo se empirijskim istraživanjem reprezentativnog uzorka hotela u Hrvatskoj. Empirijsko se istraživanje bazira na primjeni općih metodoloških načela koja su uobičajena za ekonomska istraživanja, pa se nastavio sa najadekvatnijom metodom apstrakcije kao jedinstvom induktivne, deduktivne i verifikacijske metode. Također su se koristile metoda analize i sinteze kao metode sagledavanja različitih teorijskih aspekata te praktičnih postupaka u korištenju lizinga u hotelskim poduzećima. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na vrlo malen obujam korištenja lizinga u hotelijerstvu Hrvatske, a samim time i činjenicu da se njegove prednosti ne prepoznaju u dovoljnoj mjeri. Iz navedenih razloga je i utjecaj lizinga na financijske izvještaje u hotelijerstvu Hrvatske vrlo malen, no za očekivati je da će u budućnosti taj utjecaj stalno rasti. To nameće potrebu sustavnog istraživanja ovog područja i definiranja sustava informacija o lizingu koje bi se jednoobrazno pripremale i prezentirale. Upravo bi ova načela bila polazište za oblikovanje sadržaja bilješki uz financijske izvještaje. Kvaliteta i pouzdanost informacija o lizingu prezentiranih u temeljnim financijskim izvještajima ovisiti će o ustrojavanju financijskog računovodstva ali više o kvaliteti internog obračuna, uz uvažavanje specifičnosti djelatnosti. Mr. sc. Ana-Marija Vrtodušić Hrgović, asistent Predmet istraživanja: Pokazavši se uspješnim u proizvodnom sektoru sustavi upravljanja potpunom kvalitetom počeli su se krajem 80-tih i početkom 90-tih primjenjivati i u uslužnom sektoru. Tako su i hotelska poduzeća uvidjela vrijednost i moć kvalitete. Definirana kao razumijevanje i udovoljavanje zahtjevima gostiju, kvaliteta danas djeluje kao jedinstvena snaga, koja tjera i usmjerava hotelska poduzeća na pružanje takvih usluga, koje će ispuniti ili čak nadmašiti očekivanja gostiju. Uvođenjem sustava upravljanja potpunom kvalitetom javlja se potreba i za uvođenjem odgovarajućeg sustava mjerenja i ocjenjivanja rezultata poslovanja. U skladu s tim, predmet su istraživanja u ovom radu sustavi upravljanja potpunom kvalitetom, principi na kojima se temelje, te karakteristike sustava mjerenja i ocjenjivanja rezultata poslovanja u takvom sustavu. Naglasak je dan na specifičnostima sustava upravljanja potpunom kvalitetom u hotelskoj industriji kao i na suvremenom pristupu mjerenju i ocjenjivanju rezultata poslovanja.

17 Cilj rada: Da bi hotelsko poduzeće moglo pratiti i ocjenjivati poslovanje mora postojati za to odgovarajući model. Zato je cilj ovog rada definirati model koji će u skladu sa sustavom upravljanja potpunom kvalitetom omogućiti hotelu mjerenje i ocjenjivanje rezultata poslovanja. Modelom će se obuhvatiti rezultati koji se odnose na kupce, zaposlenike, zajednicu te ključni poslovni rezultati. Ovakav bi model trebao hotelu osigurati prije svega okvir za lakše postizanje poslovne izvrsnosti, a zbog kompatibilnosti s kriterijima EFQM modela poslovne izvrsnosti na kojem se temelji Europska nagrada za kvalitetu, hotel ga može iskoristiti i prilikom natjecanja za tu nagradu. Upotrebom se više znanstvenih metoda došlo do spoznaja i podataka koji su omogućili postizanje postavljenog cilja istraživanja. U radu su korištene slijedeće metode istraživanja: metoda apstrakcije i konkretizacije, metoda generalizacije i specijalizacije, metoda indukcije i dedukcije, metoda analize i sinteze, povijesna metoda, metoda dokazivanja i opovrgavanja, metoda klasifikacije, statistička metoda, komparativna metoda i metoda deskripcije. Rezultati istraživanja: Temeljen na kriterijima EFQM modela poslovne izvrsnosti, kao rezultat ovog istraživanja definiran je model za mjerenje i ocjenjivanje rezultata poslovanja hotela u sustavu kvalitete. Radi se o suvremenom pristupu mjerenju i ocjenjivanju rezultata poslovanja jer model prati rezultate koji se odnose na kupce, zaposlenike, zajednicu i ključne poslovne rezultate kroz financijske i nefinancijske pokazatelje. Ovakav će model pomoći hotelskim menadžerima u odlučivanju jer će uz informacije o uspješnosti poslovanja i financijskom položaju hotela, osigurati i važne informacije o zadovoljstvu gostiju, zaposlenika i društvene zajednice, ali i informacije o provedenim poboljšanjima i razini njihovog ostvarenja. Kristina Črnjar, asistent Predmet istraživanja: Organizacije u ugostiteljstvu i turizmu će na bazi svoje visoke produktivnosti, visoke kvalitete proizvoda i usluga te inovacija stvarati konkurentsku prednost na svjetskom tržištu. Zaposlenici i njihova znanja postati će ključni faktor uspjeha hotelskih poduzeća. Predmet istraživanja je ljudski kapital i produktivnost rada u hotelskoj industriji. Raspravljati će se o procjenjivanju radne uspješnosti zaposlenika, produktivnosti rada i faktorima koji utječu na nju te o upravljanju znanjem u cilju povećanja individualne produktivnosti rada zaposlenika u hotelu. Cilj je istraživanja sagledati problematiku vezanu uz ljudski kapital i produktivnost rada kao čimbenike koji determinira uspješnost hotelskog poduzeća. Metode istraživanja: U istraživanju primarno se koristila statistička analiza i obrada podataka te komparativna metoda kao i ostale metode koje se standardno primjenjuju u istraživanjima na području turizma i hotelijerstva. Rezultati istraživanja: Istraživanjem se ove problematike definirala kvalitetna teorijska i metodološka osnova neophodna za praćenje, mjerenje, vrednovanje i upravljanje produktivnošću rada zaposlenika u hotelskoj industriji. Tom prilikom prikazani su kvantitativni i kvalitativni pokazatelja produktivnosti rada. Posebna pažnja posvećena je razvoju ljudskog kapitala i produktivnosti rada u hotelskoj industriji Hrvatske. Istraživanje je pridonijelo povećanju spoznaje o

18 važnost ljudskog kapitala i njegovog znanja za uspješnost hotela i hotelske industrije u cjelini. ZAKLJUČAK Ovaj je projekt objedinio veći broj istraživača što dokazuje da je «Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom hotelske industrije Hrvatske» zanimljiva i složena tema kojoj je u obradi potrebno pristupiti studiozno i sa različitih aspekata: računovodstveni aspekt, informacijski aspekt, statistički aspekt, analitički aspekt, organizacijski aspekt, kvalitativni aspekt i kadrovski aspekt. Trogodišni trud mladih istraživača dao je dobre rezultate, istraživači su pokazali da vladaju suvremenim metodama i tehnikama menadžmenta na području upravljanja poslovnim rezultatom u specifičnim procesima rada hotelske industrije. Rezultat istraživanja predstavlja teorijski doprinos znanosti ekonomije na području hotelske industrije. Istovremeno, rezultati istraživanja mogu znatno doprinijeti unapređenju postojeće prakse menadžmenta u hotelima, kao i povećanju efektivnosti, efikasnosti i konkurentnosti hotelske industrije Hrvatske. Opatija, 7. ožujka Glavni istraživač Prof. dr. sc. Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, v.r.

19 IVANKA AVELINI HOLJEVAC, Ph.D., Full Professor Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija, University of Rijeka PROJECT REPORT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN THE CROATIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY The Project was contracted with the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports for a three-year period from 2002 to A total of nine researchers were involved in the Project. Together with the Head of Research, they are: 9. Vlado Galičić, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 10. Sandra Janković, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 11. Suzana Marković, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 12. Helga Maškarin, Ph.D., Assistant Professor 13. Mislav Šimunić, Ph.D., Senior Assistant 14. Dubravka Vlašić, M.Sc. Assistant. 15. Ana-Marija Vrtodušić Hrgović, M.Sc., Assistant 16. Kristina Črnjar, Assistant Having an average age of 36, these are young researchers. Work on the project was carried out through three stages, each stage lasting one year. Below is the list of research themes per individual researcher per year. First year of research: - Current organisational status of business and process hotel functions (Galičić) - Shortcomings of performance accounting in the hotel industry (Janković) - Service quality in the hotel industry: Concepts and measurement (Marković) - Assessing and evaluating performance in Croatia s hotel industry state of the art (Maškarin) - Role, position and interpretation of information within the context of creating information models as web clusters (Šimunić) - Overview of accounting methods in leasing (Vlašić) - TQM in the hotel industry (Vrtodušić Hrgović) - Employee s performance appraisal in the hotel industry (Črnjar)

20 Second year of research: - Executive information systems as the basis for restructuring business and process hotel functions (Galičić) - Activity-based accounting: Theoretical assumptions and conceptual framework (Janković) - Quantitative application of the SERVQUAL model in the hotel industry (Marković) - Employee job satisfaction in Croatia s hotel industry (Maškarin) - Performance management with program-managed web cluster (Šimunić) - Current state of leasing accounting in Croatia s hotel industry (Vlašić) - Performance as an element of the quality system (Vrtodušić Hrgović) - Work productivity factors in Croatia s hotel industry (Črnjar) Third year of research: - Restructuring business and process hotel functions (Galičić) - Model for introducing activity-based costing in the hotel industry (Janković) - Qualitative application of the SERVQUAL model in the hotel industry (Marković) - Measuring the impact of employee job satisfaction on hotel performance (Maškarin) - Performance management with program-managed web cluster implementation of ddws model (Šimunić) - Designing and optimising leasing accounting models in the Croatian hotel industry (Vlašić) - Proposed model for measuring and evaluating performance in the quality system (Vrtodušić Hrgović) - Knowledge management in hotels (Črnjar) The papers presented by the researchers total 342 pages. Being mutually complementary, the papers represent a unity entitled Managing Performance in the Croatian Hotel Industry. Reviewed by Prof. Stevan Popović, Ph.D, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Kotor, Serbia and Crna Gora; and Prof. Ludmila Novacká, Ph.D., University of Economics, Bratislava, Slovakia, all paper have been classified as scientific papers.

21 SUMMARY OF THEMATIC UNITS PER RESEARCHER Vlado Galičić, Ph.D., Assistant Professor The subject of research involves previous theoretical and practical achievements of management in organising and carrying out business and process functions in the hotel, in understanding the impact of these achievements on the organisational structure of hotels in Croatia, in identifying the means and methods of improving the way work is organised in hotels, and in determining the prerequisites essential to restructuring hotel business and process functions. Research objectives focus on the analysis of the present organisational status of business and process functions and on determining the optimum organisational forms for performing these functions in the hotel. These organisational forms are established by determining organisational needs and by analysing both the current structure of business and process functions and the restructuring they require, in addition to identifying the manner and methods of meeting IT requirements at various levels of management. The method of research is adapted to the research subject, which belongs to the category of applied research. General scientific methods (induction and deduction; comparison; analysis and synthesis; descriptive, normative and statistical methods) as well as specific methods (complex analytical method, evaluating organisations with regard to process functions) are used. Research results show that organisational restructuring through the appropriate application of information technology is a prerequisite to the process of restructuring business and process functions in the hotel. Although this process involves the participation of all hotel employees, the top management is responsible for its successful implementation. Furthermore, the application of IT can help to reduce operational costs, improve the quality of services provided and increase customer satisfaction. The results of the study contribute to promoting the diversification and management of hotel performance, and the application of principles of business and process function organisational structuring. In addition, these results can also be applied in formulating strategies in shaping the organisational model of the hotel, taking into account the numerous links and relationships existing in the immediate and broader environment and focusing on achieving hotel business efficiency and service quality of world-class and European standards.

22 Sandra Janković, Ph.D., Assistant Professor This leg of the project deals with the requirements placed before performance measurement systems in the hotel industry. The measurement system is designed in a way that will make it useful to hotel managers as a management tool. Activity-based costing is the subject of research. As an integral part of the performance measurement system, this method is intended to provide support to new concepts of management. The objective of research is to present a conceptual framework for implementing a Cost and Performance Measurement System which will provide the basis for improving the operational performance of the hotel enterprise. Central to this system is the process of activity-based costing (German Prozeßkostenrechnung) which becomes a management tool and the basis for strategic decision-making. In keeping with new demands, this costing method is supplemented with value- and market-oriented factors, and integrated with the cost and performance management system, thus becoming one of the major tools of process and value management. Research results: The paper rests on the following hypothesis: using an integrated activity-based costing system, it is possible to provide hotel managers with an information base to assist them in rationally using resources, continuously improving processes and enhancing performance. This hypothesis is confirmed using the case-study method. Suzana Marković, Ph.D., Assistant Professor The subject of research is the statistical measurement of service quality in the hotel industry. The purpose and objective of research is to explore the major features of quality and service quality within the context of economic sciences, provide scientifically based study results (conceptual and empirical) regarding quality measurement in the hotel industry, and examine, using a selected model, whether or not the most frequently applied service quality measurement model (SERVQUAL, Parasuraman et al., 1988.) is also the most reliable for measuring service quality in the hotel industry. The objective of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the SERVQUAL model (Parasuraman et al., 1988.) in the hotel industry, based on the following hypothesis: by applying scientifically based methods and instruments in measuring service quality, hotel managers are capable of efficiently impacting on hotel service quality and guest satisfaction, as well as on hotel performance. The study has confirmed this hypothesis using the methods of univariate, bivariate and multivariate (factor analysis and reliability analysis) statistical methods. Research results: The results of the quantitative application of the SERVQUAL model to the hotel industry indicate that the expectations of hotel guests exceed their perceptions. This is suggestive of a negative SERVQUAL gap. The results of factor analysis point to a pure factor structure with fairly high factor coefficients. The three-dimensional solution of the expectation scale results in the following factors:

23 reliability, responsiveness, and tangibles. The perception scale also comprises three factors: responsiveness, reliability, and tangibles. Research methods: Reliability analysis is used in addition to factor analysis, and the complex reliability of the construction is calculated. Results show that all factors exceed the recommended 0.50 level (Hair et al., 1995), ranking from 0.77 to The alpha coefficient for the expectation scale is ; for the perception scale it is somewhat higher at The study, therefore, demonstrates the high reliability of the SERVQUAL instrument used. Nevertheless further adjustments to and evaluation of the research instrument are required, including instrument validity tests. Helga Maškarin, Ph.D., Assistant Professor The subject of this research is to examine and identify the nature and strength of ties linking employee job satisfaction and hotel performance. The general objective is to prove the existence of such relations. Special objectives derived from the general objectives focus on establishing the importance of measuring, evaluating and managing hotel performance; defining hotel performance measurement and evaluation models taking into account the specific features of the hotel industry, international standards and the latest scientific advancements; identifying the significance of measuring job satisfaction in the hotel industry; and determining the nature and the strength of ties between job satisfaction and hotel performance. Doing scientific research and compiling and presenting results requires the application of the appropriate combinations of scientific research methods, including induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretisation, generalisation and specialisation, verification and refutation, comparison, and observation. Research was conducted using a standardised questionnaire, the results of which were processed and analysed by univariate (descriptive statistics) and bivariate statistical methods (ANOVA, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson s and Spearman s correlation coefficients). Data processing was supported by SPSS 11.0, the statistical data analysis and processing program package. Research results: Using the Balanced Scorecard, the first part of the study provides a conceptual framework for measuring hotel performance based on the opinions and attitudes of hotel enterprise managers. The second part determines the level of employee job satisfaction across various dimensions of this construct, and the third part brings together the study s two primary constructs: job satisfaction and hotel performance. Research indicates a weak, but nevertheless statistically significant correlation between all dimensions of job satisfaction and hotel performance. Low correlation coefficients between hotel performance and job satisfaction do, however, suggest that management should also seek out other areas in which to act in enhancing performance, areas where such activities will bring greater results.

24 Mislav Šimunić, Ph.D., Senior Assistant This paper s research subject involves the following: The importance of multimedia and promotion, and their role in the context of e-business, with emphasis on the analysis of the validity and principles of market communication in promotional activities, where information is becoming the dominant resource in modern business, Web pages as information models for multimedia (IMMm), Web pages and their dual dynamic nature, The importance of tracking Web page activity; analysing, redesigning and reorganising Web pages, Log files used as data sources and for analysis purposes, Issues on the design and characteristics of log-file analysis programs, Theoretical and practical assumptions as preconditions to and the bases of analysing IMMm activity, Analytic and systematic study of IMMm activity in presenting national tourism on the Internet (study based on the Web pages of the Croatian Tourist Association). The objective and tasks of the study include the following: defining the dynamic level of Web pages as IMMms; determining the current status and relevant issues, and proposing solutions and guidelines for comprehensive and efficient tracking and analysing; creating and redesigning model structures to provide for improved and efficient presentation, in general, and in particular in the case of presenting national tourism over the Internet, as research in the study focuses on the Web pages of the Croatian Tourist Association which present the national tourism offer of Croatia. Research methods are dependent of the issues discussed, and the possibilities and conditions under which research is carried out. Research begins by studying the available domestic and foreign literature, with the application of the historical method to provide broader and in-depth understanding at theoretical and practical levels. A combination of the historical method, normative method and analysis is used in examining the situation in Croatia regarding the presentation of national tourism over the Internet. Research results: The aim of this paper is to identify the following issues at a theoretical, as well as a practical level: 3. There is no Web cluster model with defined dual dynamics that provides a continuous analysis of log files with direct feedback to its dynamic levels. 4. By determining and tracking IMMm activity through log-file analysis, it is possible to reduce response time, react more efficiently and systematically to market demand, and constantly monitor contemporary world trends.

25 Dubravka Vlašić, M.Sc., Assistant The research subject of the part of the project entitled Performance management in Croatia s hotel industry deals with the types and range of leasing accounting methods used in the Croatian hotel industry. One objective of research is to create a model, based on data gathered, that will help to increase the application of leasing in the hotel industry of Croatia and take fuller advantage of the benefits this method of financing can provide. Another objective, with regard to the specific features of the hotel industry, is to create a report according to the method used by the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI). Research methods include the historical method for gathering information from the domestic and foreign literature, which was followed up with empirical research of a representative sample of hotels in Croatia. Empirical research was based on the application of the general principles of methodology common to research in economics. Other methods used are the abstraction method as a combination of inductive, deductive and verification methods. Analysis and synthesis were used in understanding the various theoretical aspects and practical procedure of using leasing in hotel enterprises. Research results indicate a very limited application of leasing in Croatia s hotel industry, which suggests insufficient awareness of the advantages of leasing. The impact of leasing on financial reports in the Croatian hotels is therefore also very limited, although it is expected to grow steadily in the future, calling for systemic research in this field. A leasing information system is also needed. These principles would be the starting point for compiling observations in financial reports. The quality and reliability of information on leasing provided in financial reports will depend upon the organisation of financial accounting, as well as on the quality of the internal accounts, taking into account the specific features of the hotel industry.. Ana-Marija Vrtodušić Hrgović, M.Sc., Assistant Research subject: Having proved itself successful in the production sector, the Total Quality Management (TQM) system entered the servicing sector during the late 1980s and early 1990s, and hotel enterprises were made aware of the value and power of quality. Defined as understanding and meeting guest demands, quality is today a unique force, driving and directing hotel enterprises in providing services that will not only fulfil, but also exceed the expectations of guests. Implementing TQM makes it necessary to implement an appropriate system for measuring and evaluating performance as well. The research subject of this paper, therefore, is TQM and the principles on which it is founded, together with a system for measuring and evaluating performance within TQM. Attention is centred on the special features of TQM in the hotel industry, as well as on the modern approach to measuring and evaluating performance.

26 Research objective: For a hotel enterprise to monitor and evaluate performance, an appropriate model is required. The objective of this paper is to define such a model that will enable the hotel to measure and evaluate performance in consistency with TQM. This model will make it possible to measure performance from the perspective of customers, employees and the community, as well as from the financial perspective and it should provide the hotel with framework for achieving business excellence. Because it is compatible with the criteria of the EFQM model of business excellence used in awarding the European Quality Award, the hotel will be able to apply the model in competing for this prize. The research methods used include abstraction and concretisation, generalisation and specialisation, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, the historical method, verification and refutation, as well as the classification, statistical, comparative and descriptive methods. Research results: Based on the criteria of the EFQM model of business excellence, the result of this study is a defined model for measuring and evaluating hotel performance within the quality system. This is a modern approach to measuring and evaluating performance as it enables the model to monitor results relating to customers, employees and the community, as well as the results of operational performance through financial and non-financial indicators. As such, the model can assist hotel managers in making decisions, as the information provided on the hotel s operational performance and financial status is supplemented with crucial information pertaining to customer, employee and community satisfaction, together with information on the level of success of improvements carried out. Kristina Črnjar, Assistant Research subject: Organisations in hospitality and tourism gain competitive advantages on the world market through high productivity, top-quality products and services, and innovations. Employees and the skills they possess are becoming a key success factor in hotel enterprises. The research subject deals with human capital and work productivity in the hotel industry. Attention is focused on employee performance appraisal, work productivity and factors that impact on work productivity, and on knowledge management in increasing the individual rate of work productivity of hotel employees. The research objective is to identify the issues linked to human capital and work productivity as factors that determine the success of the hotel enterprise. Research methods: The primary methods used are the statistical method of analysing and processing data and the comparative method, together with other methods commonly applied in research in the field of tourism and hospitality. Research results: The result of research is a theoretical and methodological basis required for monitoring, measuring, evaluating and managing employee work productivity in the hotel industry. Results also illustrate quantitative and qualitative indicators of work productivity. Special attention is focused on the development of human capital and work productivity in the Croatian hotel industry. The study has

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