All pesticides must be registered under the regulations of Act 36 of 1947 before any pesticide can be made commercially available.

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1 Act 36 of 1947: Regulations: Fertilizers, farm feeds, agricultural remedies and sock remedies, sterilizing plants and pest control operators, appeals and imports. The South Africa OSHACT (Occupational Health and Safety Act) is very specific about how hazardous chemicals must be handled and wastes to be disposed of. Act 36 of 1947 forms part of OSHACT. All pesticides must be registered under the regulations of Act 36 of 1947 before any pesticide can be made commercially available. A pest control operator shall ensure that workers are aware of the hazards involved in the use of pesticides, and of the provisions regarding protective clothing and equipment. A pest control operator shall be acquainted with the handling and application of pesticides in accordance with SANS 10124, SANS and SANS A pest control operator shall be fully aware of the hazards involved in the use of pesticides, as noted in information given in SANS regarding the toxicity of pesticides, and the first-aid treatment in cases of suspected poisoning. The following is a guideline to assist clubs in setting up and help in meeting the requirements of the Act. This document is not in any way meant to be absolute and does not replace the requirements of Act 36 of It is still up to club to acquaint itself with the Act and to ensure it has trained and certified spray operators. Disclaimer: As the information contained in this document is obtained from various sources, in no way is it claimed that this information is accurate and correct. Any mistakes or incorrect information is open to correction accompanied by substantial proof. Although every effort has been made that the information contained in this document is as accurate as possible, the author does not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 1 of 14

2 A. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 1 The following minimum items should be available: Eye Protection (Consult the Advice Pictograms on the Pesticide Label as to which eye protection should be worn) Goggles, Flexible fit, regular ventilation window Face Shield, plastic window Gloves (Consult the Advice Pictograms on the Pesticide Label) Gauntlet gloves (correct fit for operator and chemical use) Notes: The correct gloves should be worn depending on the chemical being used. Gloves should be selected based on the chemical resistance of the material that it is manufactured from. The correct size of the glove to be worn by the person mixing the chemicals and the pesticide operator. Gauntlet gloves (oversize) Clothing (Consult the Advice Pictograms on the Pesticide Label) Cotton Overalls (when applying a chemical using a sprayer) Apron or Coat (for light protection) Boots (typical Gum boots and to be worn outside the overalls) 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 2 of 14

3 Respirator (Consult the Advice Pictograms on the Pesticide Label) Respirator Notes: Respirator protection is essential when making up solutions and dilutions. If you apply a pesticide of hazardous chemicals, disinfectants, etc, a respirator should be worn. A respirator should be fitted with a good cartridge (colour coded as per suitability). In general the best cartridge to fit is the agricultural grade cartridge. CAUTION: All PPE s shall be thoroughly washed with soap or detergent and water at the end of each operation. 2 General notes regarding PPE s When a pesticide is being handled, the instructions on the label (as applicable) shall be followed, taking cognizance of all special precautions concerning protective clothing and equipment, irrespective of occasional handling or intensive handling, and irrespective of the quantity of pesticide used. All operators shall clearly understand that, even though protective clothing and equipment are used, great care shall still be taken. All protective clothing and equipment shall be collected at the end of each day or at the end of each operation, as applicable. No used protective clothing or equipment shall be worn unless it has been thoroughly washed or decontaminated. An employer shall ensure that no worker removes dirty or contaminated clothing or equipment from the premises. Dirty or contaminated clothing or equipment to be disposed of, or washed, or decontaminated outside the premises, shall be treated as hazardous chemical goods in accordance with the relevant national regulations and statutory provisions, and any provincial or local regulatory requirements. Two lockers, one marked "Protective clothing" and the other one marked "Personal clothing", shall be available to ensure that clothing is kept separate. Separate "clean" and "dirty" change rooms shall be available if pesticides are used to such an extent that they could endanger the health of persons outside the workplace. 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 3 of 14

4 3 Eye and face protection WARNING: A FACE SHIELD SHALL NOT BE WORN DURING THE APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES THAT EMIT TOXIC VAPOURS (e.g. organophosphates) OR LOW BOILING-POINT ORGANIC SOLUTIONS (e.g. methyl bromide). Respirators shall comply with the requirements of SANS Gloves CAUTION: Immediately after use and before being removed from the hands, the gloves shall be washed with soap and water. Contaminated gloves shall not be touched with bare hands when being removed. The gloves shall be turned inside out and shall be washed again, and rinsed and allowed to dry completely before being put away. Protective gloves are available in a variety of materials and designs. Gloves shall fit the hands comfortably and shall be flexible enough to grip a pesticide container and other equipment firmly. Gloves shall be long enough to cover a minimum of 90 mm above the wrist. Gloves made of nitrile rubber offer good protection against a wide range of pesticides and shall be of light colour so as to permit visual identification of contamination. PVC, neoprene and butyl rubber are suitable alternative materials. Lined gloves are not recommended, since pesticide contamination can accumulate in the lining material. Disposable polyethylene gloves or plastics bags may be used as temporary hand protection, but shall be used for one operation only, and shall then be discarded. Gloves shall be: durable, comfortable, flexible, non-slippery, and light in colour so as to permit visual identification of contamination. 5 Overalls An overall provides good body protection for an operator working with pesticides. A loose-fitting two-piece garment (separate top and trousers) provides flexibility in that the top and trousers can be worn separately or together over normal work clothes. Cotton is one of the most effective, durable and comfortable materials for an overall. A cotton overall shall be made of 100 % cotton with a mass per area of 110 g/m 2 and should preferably have elasticized cuffs and no 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 4 of 14

5 18 6 Boots pockets. Alternatively, an overall can be made of lightweight synthetic material specifically developed for the protection of operators working with pesticides. An overall shall be impervious to pesticide formulations be durable, give splash and droplet protection, be comfortable, be light in weight, and be light in colour so as to permit visual identification of contamination. CAUTION: Boots shall be washed inside as well as outside at the end of each day s work and shall then be allowed to dry before being put away. Rubber boots give protection against the widest range of pesticides, whereas leather footwear is unsuitable because it absorbs some pesticides and leather cannot be decontaminated. The rubber boots shall be at least calf-high and shall be unlined. Trousers shall be worn outside the boots to prevent any spills or splashes from entering the boots. To prevent injury when large steel drums are being handled, boots with steel toecaps shall be worn. 7 Head coverings A lightweight cotton hat with a brim shall be worn for field work in hot climates and as protection against spray drift. During overhead spraying, a waterproof hat and cape shall be worn. A hood (with a built-in respirator) to cover head, neck and shoulders for total skin protection shall be worn during the application of irritant powders. 8 Washing facilities Soap, clean towels and clean water shall be available near the operation area, but shall be so located as to avoid contamination by pesticides. When contamination has taken place, a safety shower (which, in the field, could consist of an elevated punctured water container) shall be within easy reach. There shall be no interchange of towels, soap or water between operators. Compressed air shall not be used to remove dust from the body. Where possible, running water shall be used for washing. When running water is not available, each operator shall be provided with separate, clearly marked containers for washing of the body and of protective clothing and equipment. 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 5 of 14

6 Each operator shall wash or shower at the end of each operation or shift. Contaminated washing water shall NOT be disposed of into ANY water source, including rivers, ground water sources and sewerage systems. B Chemical Storage and Handling 1 Storeroom requirements The storeroom must be lockable with restricted access. (Locked and/or Double Locked at ALL times) The storeroom must be properly labelled (inside and out). No foodstuffs or products other than plant protection and or animal health products are allowed in the chemical store. The Storeroom must be properly ventilated with good lighting. Shelves must be resistant to chemicals that are stored on them (nonabsorbent, impervious and chemically resistant). Wooden shelves should be covered with thick plastic or non-combustible trays must be used. (Trays with cat litter) Shelves must be fixed to the wall or floor (not free standing). The storeroom floor must be resistant to chemicals that are stored on them (non-absorbent, impervious and chemically resistant) The MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for each chemical in the store registered under the Act. The storeroom must contain a fire extinguisher. Emergency contact numbers. Spillage kits. First Aid kits. 2 Chemical Storage The storage of any chemical should be handled as one would handle pesticides. A system must be available where chemicals are stored in designated areas. The use of each must be recorded so that the volumes used can be traced. Always ensure that incompatible chemicals are stored separately (see guide below). Store chlorine-based products separately from acids, oxidising agents and fuel oil. Hypochlorite must be stored away from amines (derivative of ammonia). Per acetic acids should be kept away from alkaline or acids as they form explosive mixtures. Disinfectants should be stored away from fuse boxes, naked flames, and heat sources. 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 6 of 14

7 Bulk cleaning agents should be kept in clean, dry, well ventilated and secure places. Flammable products (e.g. paraffin, methylated spirits and fuel oil) should be stored separately. Store pesticides separately. Never put corrosive chemicals such as acids into spray bottles (will explode under pressure). Discard unlabelled chemical containers. If the container contains an unknow chemical do not use it for any purpose, but discard using the correct disposal protocols. 3 Placement of products in Store Herbicides must be separated from other chemicals by a division made of wire mesh or metal bars or a wall with a gate or door. This is to prevent accidental application of herbicides to plant foliage. All danger group products (RED label) in terms of SANS , must be kept separate, fenced-off and lockable area within the store. A metal locker (metal trunk) or a locker made of metal bars or galvanized diamond mesh can be used for this purpose. Double locked and secured to the floor or wall. Flammable liquids should be stored in a separate, clearly marked room or enclosure in the store. The room or enclosure must be ventilated to the open air in such a manner that vapour cannot accumulate inside the store. Fibreboards boxes, fibreboard drums and paper bags must not be stored directly on cement floors or be stacked against walls, as cement floor tend to sweat and could damage these containers. Large containers should not be stored directly on cement floors, but rather be placed on wooden pallets covered with thick plastic or on plastic pallets that would make it easier to move when spillage occurs. Plastic and metal drums of 20L capacity and more should not be stacked more than two tiers high as it could be difficult and/or dangerous to take them down. Powder and granular formulations must be stored above liquid products and vice versa. this is to prevent major damage in case of accidental leakage of liquids. All chemicals must be stored in their original packaging with their labels intact. Concentrate formulations may NOT be decanted into other containers. 4 Chemical Handling All Chemicals must be considered as potentially poisonous and handled accordingly. On the label of the chemicals, the minimum requirements for safe handling are usually given. In the case of most chemicals it is sufficient to follow 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 7 of 14

8 a few basic rules summarised below: Always wear rubber gloves when poring or measuring a concentrate before dilution. Ensure that it is done in such a manner that any fumes or dust will drift away from the applicator. Immediately wash off any spillage on the body with soap and plenty of water. Wear overalls or other old clothing that will cover most of the body. Wash clothes regularly, especially when applying pesticides over an extended period of time. Wear a fresh set every new day of spraying. Always keep out of the spray drift or dust cloud during application. Never smoke, eat, chew gum or drink during application. Wash, at least the hands and face before doing so, during a break. Take a bath or shower after completing the application and change into new clothes. Never continue with another job while still wearing clothes contaminated by a pesticide. In the case of highly poisonous pesticides, the users must take additional precautions. Special protective clothing worn must be in good repair and rubber gloves, boots, headgear, goggles and mask or respirator must be worn. The eyes and respiratory tract must be adequately protected. It is a good measure to wear a respirator during the use of any chemical, ensure the respirator is fitted with a suitable cartridge. 5 Record Keeping Complete written or electronic records must be kept by the designated person on all agrochemicals received, used and disposed of. There must be a record of the amount of a particular chemical used and the balance left in the store. This must be shown for each chemical used in kept in the store. Original records should be kept away from the storage area. A copy can be kept in the store. Records must be in a safe place where it can be easily retrieved for inspection by national, provincial or local authorities. Copies of the delivery note should also be kept with the records. A copy of the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) should also be kept with the records for each chemical. Records of chemicals received should contain the following information: Product name and batch number. Name and address of supplier Quantity and purpose of product Date of receipt and Name of person receiving the product 6 Spillage Kit Where applicable all pesticide applicators are required to have a spillage kit readily available. Although the contents of the spill kit are not defined, experience suggests a few items that are wise to include are: 20l sealable plastic pail. In a bucket keep a quantity of pet litter to absorb liquid spills. 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 8 of 14

9 A dust pan and brush. A broom and shovel. A quantity of heavy duty plastic bags. Rubber gloves, boots and face protection. 7 First Aid Kit A first-aid kit shall contain at least the following items: wound cleaner or antiseptic (100 ml) swabs for cleaning wounds cotton wool for padding (100 g) sterile gauze swabs (minimum quantity of 10) 1 pair of forceps (for splinters) 1 pair of scissors (minimum size 100 mm) 1 card of safety pins bandages: triangular bandages; roller bandages (75 mm 5 m) roller bandages (100 mm 5 m) and 1 roll of elastic adhesive bandage (25 mm 3 m) adhesive strips: 1 roll of non-allergenic adhesive strip (25 mm 3 m); and 1 packet of adhesive dressing strips (minimum quantity of 10 assorted sizes) first-aid dressings: first-aid dressings (75 mm 100 mm); and first-aid dressings (150 mm 200 mm) straight splints pairs of large and 2 pairs of medium disposable latex gloves cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) mouth-pieces or similar devices and an eyewash bottle containing distilled water or rinse solution. 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 9 of 14

10 6 Example Safety Checklist for Chemical Storeroom (to be adapted where required) Area of Concern Yes No The Storeroom is correctly labelled. The Storeroom can be locked and access restricted. Fire resistant cabinets for flammable liquids are available. The shelving is secured to the wall or floor. The chemical shelving has raised edges to prevent accidents. Ventilation is adequate. Lighting is adequate. Chemicals are stored according to their chemical properties. Acids are stored in corrosion-resistant cabinets. Leak proof containers are available for transporting corrosive chemicals. An annually updated inventory of chemicals is available. Waste-chemical and waste-solvent containers are clearly labelled. All containers of chemicals are clearly labelled with the name of the chemical, appropriate hazard warning, and name of manufacture. All containers are free of rust and corrosion. Containers are dated when received and opened. Glass containers are stored in a manner to prevent breakage. Emergency telephone numbers clearly dosplayed. First Aid kit available and correctly stocked. Fire extinguisher present and validated. Spillage kit available Date Remedied C Warning notices and symbolic safety signs Suitable symbolic safety signs in accordance with SANS , and warning notices shall be posted in and around the areas where pesticides are kept or handled. The height of the letters shall be at least 75 mm. The dimensions of the toxic hazard class diamond shall be at least 250 mm 250 mm (see table D.1). 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 10 of 14

11 If a severely toxic pesticide is to be applied, a warning notice together with the type of toxic hazard shall be placed at the entrance of the site to be treated or on gates or doors that give access to the operation area. The warning notices shall be in one of the official languages and in at least one other language indigenous to the region. The height of the letters shall be at least 75 mm. The dimensions of the toxic hazard class diamond shall be at least 250 mm 250 mm. D Emergency Procedure Emergency telephone numbers should be clearly displayed at the entrance and inside the store. This should include: National Poison centre The nearest poison centre doctor. Hospital. Fire Brigade and. Ambulance service. Responsible personnel must have immediate access to a telephone and emergency numbers, even in the absence of the employer. Basic First Aid must be taught to at least one operator/worker handling and applying pesticides. Information on relevant first aid procedures for all pesticides (Full label or MSDS) in the store must be available in a prominent place. Responsible personnel must be familiar with the emergency procedure which outlines actions to be taken in an emergency. This procedure must be available at an easily accessible position in the store. E Handling Poisoning due to Chemicals In all instances of poisoning and incident report must be completed and reported to the relevant authorities. Inhalation Symptoms: Action: Symptoms of exposure by inhalation might include headache, dizziness, nausea, sore throat, anxiety, and tightness of the chest. Remove the person from the source of the poisoning. Move the patient to an area where there is fresh air. Keep the patient still and calm, reassure the person. Loosen the clothing round the patient's throat and neck. If the person has swallowed and emulsifiable concentrate or a solution in an organic solvent, administer a demulcent such a milk of magnesia, beaten egg white or a starch solution. Only thereafter should vomiting be induced. 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 11 of 14

12 Where other formulations have been ingested induce vomiting immediately and repeat until the vomit fluid is clear and free of the smell of chemical. Seek medical attention immediately, and show the pesticide label (MSDS) to the medical practitioner. In case of severe symptoms see section Handling Severe Symptoms. Skin contact Symptoms: Action: Although many pesticides only irritate the skin, some can penetrate intact skin rapidly, even if no skin irritation is experienced. Many pesticides are absorbed through the skin, particularly on the scalp, at the back of the neck, on the soles of the feet and other exposed skin areas. Symptoms of poisoning include headache, nausea, tiredness, irritability, anxiety and abnormal behaviour. Symptoms are often delayed. If a pesticide comes into contact with an operator's skin: Remove the person from the source of the poisoning. Keep the patient still and calm, reassure the person. Remove the contaminated clothing immediately. and wash the skin well with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately, and show the pesticide label (MSDS) to the medical practitioner. In case of severe symptoms see section Handling Severe Symptoms. Eye contact Symptoms: The patient might not experience severe discomfort, but first aid shall nevertheless be carried out immediately. Action: Remove the person from the source of the poisoning. Keep the patient still and calm, reassure the person. Rinse the eyes in clean running water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention immediately, and show the pesticide label (MSDS) to the medical practitioner. 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 12 of 14

13 In case of severe symptoms see section Handling Severe Symptoms. Handling Severe Symptoms Determine whether the person is conscious do not administer anything per mouth if the person is unconscious. Determine the heartbeat if non-detected apply closed chest cardiac massage to ensure oxygen supply to the brain. Determine breathing is normal if not apply artificial respiration. If the person is convulsing, do not do anything, accept to ensure the person does not injure themselves. Transport all unconscious patients preferably on their side with the knees drawn up and the chest downwards with the head turned side-ways. F Safe Disposal of chemicals Thoroughly triple rinse and then puncture (plastic/metal) or shatter (glass) empty containers (other than aerosol containers) to prevent reuse for other purposes. The rising can be disposed of by spraying the grass banks. Return empty containers to the manufacturer or check with you local council on proper disposal methods. Do not dispose of with normal domestic waste. G Environmental considerations All chemicals should be considered hazardous until indicated otherwise. Plant protection products can be hazardous to humans, animals and to the environment. Drift of pesticide spray or dust (or both) onto people, animals, adjacent land, public roads, footpaths, water supplies and crops shall be avoided, particularly when harvesting is taking place. If herbicides are applied, the drift of herbicide spray or dust (or both) onto susceptible crops shall be avoided. Spraying or dusting operations (or both) shall be suspended under adverse weather conditions to prevent the danger of contamination. The instructions on the label concerning wind speed shall be followed. Climatic conditions play an important role when it comes to the application, especially when the product is applied by way of spraying. The following factors should be taken into consideration: 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 13 of 14

14 Wind: Foliar spray should not be applied when the wind speed exceeds 12km/h Rain and dew: Turf must be dry before foliar sprays are applied. As a general rule, six hours of dry weather is required after an application. If more than 10mm of rain falls before this time, the application should be re-applied. Temperature: Oil sprays must not be applied if temperatures are expected to exceed 30 o C. End of document 31 May 2016 Pesticide Guidelines 14 of 14