A.M. Irene, how long has your family been farming in this area?

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1 Irene Jorgensen (in her home) Interviewed by Ann Melhaus February 11, 2005 A.M. Irene, how long has your family been farming in this area? Since A.M. Okay. And who acquired the farm, originally? My father did from my grandma. A.M. Okay. So who originally started let s go back farther; who was the first member of the family to come here to this area? Oh, my grandpa was Karl Wenzel. K-a-r-l. Karl Wenzel. A.M. Okay. And when did he get here? Let s see. He got here in A.M. Okay. And did he purchase the farm? Are we on the farm that you grew up on? No. I grew up across the street. A.M. Okay. What was the first farm that Karl purchased? Do you remember? Beg your pardon? A.M. Where did Karl first settle? He settled down here. That was in 18? Funny, I ve got all these dates. A.M. Yeah, we were going over them earlier. It had to be 1858 that he settled. A.M. Okay. Then his son and went and homesteaded four acres in Ireland. A.M. And what was his son s name? Anton.

2 A.M. Okay. And what did Anton do then? Well, he had a cow and an ox to plow his land with one thing or another back in Ireland, there. And he well they ate off all around, I should say - the nuts and not strawberries; some other kind of berry that s about this high. And they made their living that way, and then he finally, in 1863, married somebody, and then they pulled up here on the hill, here, and they had 9 children. A.M. Okay. Do you remember what his wife s name was? Was that Henrietta? Yeah. His wife s name was Henrietta, and let s see, I can give you the last name; I had it here, too. A.M. Okay. And they had 9 children? Nine children, yes. A.M. Okay. Do you want the names? A.M. I don t think so. I think that s okay. Nine children, and that was is that, then, on the farm that we re on right now? Yeah. We re on the farm right now. A.M. Okay. And tell me a little bit more about Anton and Henrietta. How long were they here? Well, they left in 1890 to go to St. Paul and run a grocery store on Rice Street. And this, then, went all in shambles, cuz it was poor wood, and poor lumber, and everything, so they built that house across the street, there, with some barns and sheds and stuff like that, but they never lived there. They went to town. So then after that, my father took over. Which is a Rehbein, now, because my grandma married a Rehbein, and the name changes. He s still the grandson of Anton Wenzel, but his name is Rehbein. A.M. Okay. So Anton one of Anton and Henrietta s children was your grandmother, then? Yeah. She had one son named after her father. A.M. Okay. Yeah.

3 A.M. Okay. What was your grandfather s name? Albert Rehbein. A.M. Okay. And then See Albert and Pauline Rehbein was their names. A.M. Okay. And so he took over the farm then? Yeah, Anton took over that farm over there. A.M. Across the street. Not this over here. This went kinda wild cuz there was no owners no more. Well, there was owners. He owned everything old Anton Wenzel, but nobody lived here, because he had no buildings on it. A.M. Okay. Do you know how many acres this farm was? Eight hundred and four acres. A.M. Eight hundred and four. Wow, that s big! Does that include across the street, or was that? Mmmhmm. A.M. That includes across the street. That s why he could never get a buyer for it. It s too large to handle, and too much swamp. Way too much swamp. A.M. Yeah? And so your grandfather started farming the land, here? My father did. A.M. Your father did. Okay. Across the street. My grandfather was over here. A.M. Okay. And what did your father how big was the part that he farmed? Eighty acres.

4 A.M. Eight acres? Mmmhmm. A.M. And when did he start doing that? In the year of A.M Okay. And let s see do you happen to know, did he purchase the farm or did he inherit it? He bought it for $90 an acre. A.M. Ninety dollars an acre. He bought it from a war old Anton Wenzel bought it from a war veteran a widow, and she sold it to him, and then he had it for quite a few years and then my father bought that 80 acres, but he paid $90 an acre. A.M. Ninety dollars an acre. Okay. And how long did he farm that land? Well, 1913 till A.M. 1965? Okay. And how did you come to have this farm right here; this piece of land? Years later my father bought the Wenzel s out. This 120 acres, here, so he bought this out, and then he s the one that plowed these fields and stuff like that, because there was nobody living on this side of the street. A.M. Okay. Do you remember when that was? It had to be A.M Okay. Do you know how much he bought this land for? Fourteen dollars an acre. A.M. Okay. And did he then farm this? How long did he farm this land? Well, up until 1965 when he passed away. A.M. And then did you inherit the farm, then?

5 I did after my mother passed away. Well, the chain of lakes came in and took that bottom part, there, because there wasn t too much land left here. Oh, I d say maybe thirty or thirty five acres left here. And then I truck gardened. I truck gardened. A.M. You did market gardening? Yeah. A.M. Okay. When did you start that? I had to start that in I was married in 49; I would say I started in 1953, and I have farmed up until October 14, A.M. 1978? Okay. And how many acres was that that you were farming? I d say three acres. A.M. Three acres? Okay. And was your farm a full time commercial operation? Was this your primary living? No. I split half with my mother cuz my mother, at that time, owned this place. And so, if I made $10, she got $5. We farmed on halves. A.M. Okay. When did she die? She died December 8, A.M. Okay. And did your husband farm? No. My husband was no farmer. A.M. Okay. What did your husband do? He worked in power plants. A.M. Oh, okay. And did you have a job off the farm? No. I was a home person. A.M. Okay. Alright. And how about the farm that you grew up on? How big was that? That was 80 acres? Yeah. That was 80 acres.

6 A.M. Okay. And did your father farm that full time? Yes. A.M. Okay. He never worked out. A.M. Okay. What kind of farming did he do? Corn, oats, and potatoes. A.M. Okay. And what happened to the other farm, eventually? The farm that you grew up on? That got sold. It was deeded to my sister. I might as well tell you the truth, it was deeded to my sister, and my sister, in turn, sold it to her son, and her son went bankrupt. A.M. Oh, okay. Sold out of the family, eventually. Mmmhmm. A.M. Okay. And do you know how many acres of each type of crop your father raised? Well, I d say well, he usually had acres of oats, about that much of corn, and of course, potatoes was our big crop. Oh, I d say 2-3 acres in potatoes, and then the rest was in pickles and tomatoes and stuff like that. A.M. Okay. So did they always do market gardening, too, then? Yeah. My folks, did; yes. I was brought up market gardening. A.M. Okay. Where did you sell your produce? St. Paul Market. A.M. So you went to the farmer s market? Yes. In St. Paul. A.M. Okay. Did you go there every week and sell during the summer. Yeah. Well, when I was real busy, I went three times a week.

7 A.M. Oh, yeah? When the crops was in. A.M. Uh-huh. And what types of gardening did you do? What kind of fruits and vegetables and things did you do? Tomatoes and pickles. And I did raise a few melons, but that didn t amount to nothing. A.M. Okay. And did you have any livestock on the farm when you were growing up? Or when you were running it? Oh, my folks had about 35 head of cattle. A.M. Were those dairy or beef? Dairy cows. A.M. Okay. And did you have any chickens or ducks or birds? Yeah. We had chickens, yes. A.M. Okay. Any other kind of livestock? Well, a few ducks at one time, but that was about all. A.M. Do you remember chickens you had? Oh, I d say 50. A.M. Fifty? And did you father raise the feed for the stock? Yes. He raised all the corn. Yes, that s right. And, of course, the oats, too. A.M. And do you know if he purchased feed? Oh, yeah. In the wintertime we purchased feed for the cattle. Sure. A.M. Do you know where he bought the feed? Well, it had to be Hugo Feed Mill.

8 A.M. Hugo Feed Mill? Okay. Now, over time, the farming that your father did and your family did how did that change over time? Did you continue to have dairy cattle? He had dairy cattle up until They sold all the cattle, then. A.M. Was there a reason that they sold? Well, the age was there. A.M. And what kind of farming did he do after that? Well, just raised hay. A.M. Uh-huh. And I m sorry when did you start doing the market gardening, here? 1953? Yeah. In 53, cuz I was married in 49. A.M. Okay. And did you have any cattle or any other? No, I never had no cattle. A.M. Okay. So you just did the market gardening? Yeah. A.M. And are there any of the original farm structures still standing on your property? The barns or sheds or anything like that? No. A.M. Okay. Alright. Do you know when those were torn down or what happened to them over time? Well, the home place gosh, that had to be 1990 but a real estate agent did that. My folks didn t do it. A.M. Okay. So they tore down that brick house that we were looking at? Yeah. A.M. Okay. And how about the barns and stuff. Do you remember when those went?

9 Oh, they the barn just sunk down in the ground with it s weight. The house, they burned out the wood on the inside, and then they dug a hole around, and then lowered the house into the hole. A.M. Oh, wow! That s the way they did it. A.M. Wow. When was this house built that we re in right now? Oh, this house, here, was built in A.M. 1950? And is that when you moved in? Yeah. I moved here then. I lived upstairs by my folks until this house was built. A.M. Oh, okay. And were there barns on this? No, not since the Wenzel s left the place. Their buildings and everything went. A.M. Okay. And we were looking at some of the photographs, and we ll look at some of those later, so we have some of those. Have you or other members of your family had any special training in agriculture or agri-business? No. A.M. What was Anton s education, do you remember? Farming. A.M. He just learned it from? From his father and mother. A.M. Mmmhmm. Yeah. And your father was the same? Yeah. A.M. Okay. Did your mother ever have a job off the farm? No. No. My mother, before she married my father, she was a city person. My mother was not a farm woman. And she worked from Brown and Bigelow s. A.M. Oh, okay.

10 But she was no farm person. A.M. Okay. Did you family belong to any farmers organizations such as The Grange, Farm Bureau, or local cooperative? Well, they belonged to the Twin City Milk Association. And let s see they belonged to some kind of a farm deal. I can t tell you A.M. Okay. And how did you father sell his milk? Oh, a milk hauler came every morning and picked it up. A.M. Okay. Do you remember who that was? What company, or? Well, it went to Minnesota Milk Company on University Avenue. A.M. Okay. University Avenue. Okay. Anoka County has had a history of success with it s 4H programs. Have you or members of your family been involved in 4H either as a member or as a club leader? No. No there s no 4H around here. A.M. Okay. The Anoka County Extension Service has been available to families in the county since Have you or your family participated in programs sponsored by the Extension Service? No. A.M. Did you father or grandfather ever use any of their services, do you remember? No, I don t think so. A.M. Okay. What types of conservation practices have been used on your farm? Do you know of any soil conservation techniques that they used, or? Well, they had the soil tested. A.M. Okay. Do you remember who did the testing? Well, I think that was the University of Minnesota. I could be wrong on that, but they used to put them little samples in a bag and mail them someplace, but I think that was the University. A.M. Okay.

11 Yeah, the whole farm over there was tested. Well, this was, too. A.M. And is your farm, or was it ever enrolled in the Agricultural Land Preservation Program? No. A.M. Was there a reason that you didn t enroll in it? I couldn t be able to tell you. A.M. Okay. And when did your family first use a tractor on the property? Oh, I suppose in A John Deere tractor. I imagine it was A.M. Okay. And did you own your implements when you were farming? Yeah. Oh, yeah. Sure. A.M. And in what ways have modern methods changed the your work since you began farming? How has the machinery changed, or the techniques, or technology? Machinery s gotten bigger, for one thing. And you plant more rows well, if you got a 2-row corn planter is what my father had, now you got a 6-row corn planter. A.M. Okay. Did that change while you were farming? Yeah. Oh, yeah. Towards the last of my folks farming things had changed. A.M. Okay. And how about using weed control and fertilizer and pesticides? Yeah. A.M. What kind of fertilizer did they use? Was it 10-10? A.M. So they used a commercial fertilizer. Oh, yeah. They bought their fertilizer from well, in later years, it was Hugo Feed, but in the earlier years, it was Farm Bureau down here in New Brighton where they bought their stuff, too. A.M. Okay.

12 And oil and gas and stuff. A.M. Okay. Did they use the manure and stuff from the cattle? Sure. Nothing was wasted. A.M. Okay. And the old hay was used up, too. A.M. Okay. How about when you were market gardening? What kind of fertilizer did you use? Well, I used the same as the farm did. I can t tell that last number, but the first two was A.M. Okay. So you bought commercial fertilizer, then? Oh, yeah. I had to because of the sand; the land was too poor. A.M. Okay. And did you use any hybrid seeds? Do you remember using hybrid? Yeah. When you bought them. Sure. A.M. Did that have an improvement or a change? Oh, yeah. I would say it was a change. A.M. And you probably weren t farming when they had genetically engineered seed, or anything like that? No. A.M. A large number of rural people in Minnesota worked part time or full time jobs off the farm in addition to farming. And you said your husband always worked off. Was he ever actively involved in the farming? No. No. My husband was no farmer. He came from Iron Mountain, Michigan, so he was no farmer. A.M. Okay. It was me that was the farmer!

13 A.M. That s good. So you and that was your job your primary job. Did you ever work off the farm? No. A.M. Okay. And you sold your produce at the St. Paul Farmer s Market, right? Yes. A.M. Is that done by contract that you have a stall there? Yeah, you rent the stall by the year. It was $50 a year for the rent of the stall. A.M. Oh, okay. How about your father? Do you remember if he had a contract or if he sold independently? How much of his crops did he sell, do you know? Well, he sold what was ever left over from feeding the cattle and the horses and stuff went to Hugo Feed Mill. A.M. Hugo Feed? Okay. And his milk was sold to? Twin City Milk. Well, it used to be Minnesota Milk Company, and then the last years my folks farmed, it was Twin City Milk Producer s Association. A.M. And did you ever use a co-op? No. There s no co-ops in the neighborhood, here. A.M. Okay. Farm economics have been the source of much debate at the local, state and national levels from earliest days, and many programs have been set up by the government in an attempt to assist farmers to make a fair profit from their hard work. Since the 1930 s, agricultural surpluses, combined with tighter domestic and international markets have prompted programs such as the Soil Bank that were designed to retire areas of productive land in an attempt to control production and raise farm prices, while keeping consumer prices stable. Has you farm been part of these reductions programs over the years? Yeah. They was in Soil Bank Program, but I can t tell you how long or anything like that. A.M. And that was your father? Yeah, that was my father. A.M. Okay. Do you know if he felt that the program was successful.

14 Oh, I think so. I would say so. A.M. Okay. And probably you weren t part of the farm crisis of the 1980s, or the recent droughts or anything. You stopped farming when did you stop? Yeah. 87 October 14 of 1987 I quit truck gardening. A.M. Okay. Did you notice were there any effects of the farm crisis of the 1980s? Did you notice anything with your business? Oh, I would say not. A.M. Okay. Have most of your neighbors been farming for many years? Any of your neighbors still farming? Well, now, that s a heck of a good question! Well, those neighbors over there they farm to a certain extent and then Laymen s over here, they were not no big it was my folks that was the big farmers, here. And, of course, down the line there, that s all sold. Johnny Millers used to be big farmers, but that finally dwindled down. A.M. Okay. Are there any newcomers farming nearby? No. No. Everything is residential. A.M. Okay. And, let s see. Are any of the farmers in your area African-American, Hispanic, Asian, or other non-white ethnic groups? No. No. A.M. Can you give any suggestions of a neighbor who might make a good oral history subject? Other ones that we could talk to about their farming? Not to my knowledge, no. A.M. Okay. Millions of acres of agricultural land across America are being purchased for development, which has been a common occurrence here in Anoka County for several decades. An agricultural historian from the University of Minnesota predicted in the 1960s that by the 1980s there would be little, if any, farming in Anoka County. He may have been wrong, but the number of farms in the county is steadily decreasing. Do you think urban sprawl will eventually completely take over Anoka County, or will agriculture continue to be an important part of life in the county?

15 Well, I think urban sprawl will take over. It s pretty much already taken over. A.M. How much land do you currently have right here? Well, to be honest with you, I don t own the place at all. The school owns everything. A.M. Okay. So do you just have the right to live here, then? I live here and maintain everything. A.M. Oh, okay. And the school owns the property out here? Yeah. That s their soccer fields out here. A.M. Oh, okay. And so what will happen to this house and stuff over.? Well, they ll burn the house down, which I don t like, but they can t sell it because they own the ground under the house. A.M. Yeah. Okay. And are there any neighbors that still have land that do you know, that they re looking for buyers for? Any neighbors that have land? A.M. Are any of your neighbors actively looking for buyers for their land? Well, there s mostly houses around here. I would say no. A.M. Okay. So, let s see. Do you have a favorite story or two you d like to share about life on the farm? Any stories about your family or growing up on the farm, or anything like that? No. I was too young for the Wenzel store on Rice Street; I was too young for that. A.M. Mmmhmm. So did you when did you live across the way, here? Where were you born? Let s ask that. I was born 67 West Magnolia, St. Paul, Minnesota. A.M. Okay. And that was when the Wenzel s had store down in St. Paul. On Rice Street, yes. A.M. Okay. And then when did you move up to this farm across the way?

16 Well, my folks moved here in A.M. Okay. And your sister, you said, was born there. Yeah. My sister s the only one born in that house. A.M. Okay. And my father s the only one that died in that house. A.M. And how old were you when they moved up here to this farm? Well, that s before I was born. A.M. Oh, okay A.M. Okay. When were you born? A.M. Okay. So they were down in St. Paul at the time? No, my father lived over a mile over further, and see, his mother was the daughter of Anton Wenzel. And so she never went to town with them because she got married when she was 18 years old to a Rehbein, and so she stayed out here. And so my father was raised out here. A.M. Alright. Did you enjoy growing up on the farm? Oh, yeah. A.M. And what s been the best part of living on a farm? Best part? Oh, I suppose the work. And learning agriculture. A.M. What s been the hardest part of farming? No money! A.M. And is there anything you or your family don t like about farm life? Well, really nothing.

17 A.M. No? Okay. If you had it to do all over again, would you still be a farmer? Yeah, I would be. Yeah. A.M. Alright. Well, anything else you can think of? We re gonna go over some of these pictures, now. You have a great photograph of the original farm across the street, and that s got a great brick house on it. And that was dairy cattle and? Yeah, dairy cattle. Well, maybe right there on that farm would have been about half beef cattle, but I can t tell you for sure, but dairy cattle for sure. A.M. Okay. Now, when you father was farming, did you milk by hand or? Oh, the early years of their life, they milked by hand. Later years, they had milk machines. A.M. Okay. What kind of milk, do you know? Did they have Grade A, or? Yeah, they had Grade A milk. That s right. A.M. Okay. And did you milk cows? Yes, I milked many, many cows. A.M. Did you ever do the milking by hand? Yeah. Oh, sure. A.M. Yeah? Do you remember when they got the milking machine? Gee, that s a question to ask me! A.M. We re testing your brain, here. My brain and my brain s pretty worn out. Oh, I suppose the early 40s, I would say. I could be wrong on that. A.M. And what kind of implements did you use when you market gardening? Did you use a tractor? I used a Ford tractor, and then a had a roto tiller. And then I had well, the roto tiller did my cultivating, and the tractor did my plowing, and disking and stuff like that.

18 A.M. Okay. You must have been a good driver of that tractor, then, huh? Well, my husband did the plowing. I didn t do the plowing. He did the plowing. A.M. Well, that was nice. Okay. Anything else you can think of? Any parts of the family history that we should get? So we went over the Wenzel s and Anton and your parents, and all that stuff. Yeah. A.M. Okay. Well, let s see. So Karl Wenzel was your? Great great grandfather. A.M. Great great grandfather, and then? His son, Anton, was my great grandfather. A.M. And then his daughter was your grandmother. Was my grandma, yeah. A.M. And then she had a son By the name of Anton, but you see there again the name changed A.M. To Rehbein. Yeah, to Rehbein. A.M. To Rehbein. Okay. And then to you. Okay. I think we ve got that. That s pretty good.

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