2011/12 Household Travel Survey Summary Report 2013 Release

Transcription

1 6.8 % 5.1 % 3.4 % 1.2 Household Travel Survey Summary Report 2013 Release

2 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

3 Bureau of Transport Statistics The Bureau of Transport Statistics (BTS) of Transport for NSW provides data on current and future demographic, employment and travel patterns. These data are used as inputs to transport and land use planning and policy making in NSW. The BTS main datasets include: u Personal travel data for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area from the continuous Household Travel Survey (HTS). u Commercial vehicle travel data for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area from the Freight Movement Model (FMM). u Journey to Work (JTW) data for NSW derived from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing. u Travel zone population, workforce and employment forecasts for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (5-yearly). u Travel zone trip forecasts for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (5-yearly) from the Sydney Strategic Travel Model (STM). COPYRIGHT (FREE TO SHARE) Users are welcome to copy, reproduce and distribute the information contained in this report for non-commercial purposes only, provided acknowledgement is given to the Bureau of Transport Statistics as the source. DISCLAIMER While all care is taken in producing and publishing this work, no responsibility is taken or warranty made with respect to the accuracy of any information, data or representation. The authors (including copyright owners) and publishers expressly disclaim all liability in respect of anything done or omitted to be done and the consequences upon reliance of the contents of this publication. Transport for NSW Bureau of Transport Statistics 2013 ISBN (Paperback) ISBN (PDF) August 2013 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 1

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5 Contents 1 About this publication 5 2 Travel in Sydney Key Indicators 9 3 Travel in Sydney Characteristics Travel trends Purpose of travel Mode of travel Purpose by mode Reasons for mode choice Public transport fare and ticket type Trip distance Trip duration Time of day Profile of travellers Vehicles 27 4 Detailed tables Total travel Purpose of travel Mode of travel Trip distance Trip duration Time of day travel Profile of travellers Vehicles 44 5 Appendices About the HTS HTS data items Acronyms Glossary Other BTS Publications 54 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 13

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7 1 About this publication This publication is a compilation of annual statistics on the travel behaviour of Sydney residents produced from the Bureau of Transport Statistics continuous Household Travel Survey (HTS). It updates last year s summary report with the addition of the most recent estimates for. The annual estimates reported here are each based on three waves of data pooled and weighted to the latest estimated resident population (ERP). The estimates are based on the, and waves of survey data, weighted to the June 30th 2011 preliminary ERP based on the 2011 Census. The and estimates in previous reports have also been updated based on the more recent preliminary ERP for these years. The HTS is the largest and most comprehensive source of personal travel data for the Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA) see Figure 1 on the following page. In line with previous summary reports, the focus is on travel by residents of Sydney Statistical Division. The remainder of the report is divided into the following sections: Section 2 Travel in Sydney Key Indicators The Key Indicators summarise the main travel trends for to. Section 3 Travel in Sydney Characteristics This section provides more detail on the travel behaviour of Sydney residents in text and graphs on the following topics: u Travel trends u Purpose of travel u Mode of travel u Purpose by mode u Reasons for mode choice u Public transport fare and ticket type u Trip distance and duration u Time of day of travel u Profile of travellers u Vehicle use Section 4 Detailed tables Comprehensive statistics for each of the above topics are provided in Section 4, including historical data and change over time. Section 5 Appendices This section contains background information about the HTS, its methodology, statistical validity and data items, including a glossary of terms and definitions to further clarify the concepts used in this report. Information is also provided on other BTS publications at the end of this report. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 15

8 Figure 1: Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA) 6 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

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10 8 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

11 2 Travel in Sydney Key Indicators This publication presents the key findings from the Household Travel Survey (HTS) on the travel of residents of the Sydney Statistical Division. Broad trends over the past decade, In, there were over 4.5 million people living in the Sydney Statistical Division. They made nearly 16.5 million trips on an average weekday and 14.8 million trips on an average weekend day. Between 2001 and 2011, the population in the Sydney Statistical Division grew by 12%. During this same time period, the number of weekday trips grew at a rate of 8%, while weekend trips grew by 14%. Over the ten-year period, total kilometres travelled across all modes grew in line with population (12%), reaching over 142 million kilometres on an average weekday. Despite a 24% increase in the number of private vehicles (which reached more than 2.6 million in 2011) vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) only rose in line with population (11%). Notably, public transport passenger kilometres grew by 18%. In support of NSW 2021 goals, public transport and walking trips grew at a faster rate (23% for train, 16% for bus, and 15% for walking trips) than private vehicle trips (6% for car driver trips and 6% for car passenger trips) in the past decade. Social/recreational trips and education/childcare trips increased the most (17% for each), while work-related business trips (-17%) and personal business trips (-16%) fell. QuickStats Change over the last decade 1 Growth 12% POPULATION 8% WEEKDAY TRIPS 14% TRIPS WEEKEND 24% VEHICLE OWNERSHIP 35% BICYCLE OWNERSHIP 6% CAR DRIVER TRIPS 23% TRAIN TRIPS 16% BUS TRIPS 15% WALK TRIPS 1 Figures refer to weekday travel, unless otherwise indicated Over the decade, distance travelled for education/childcare grew by 30%, implying children are travelling further and are increasingly less likely to go to their closest school. Distance travelled for personal business decreased by 20% over the same time period, consistent with the growth of the internet and mobile technologies. The total daily travel time per person remained unchanged at 79 minutes. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 9

12 Recent Change: Total Travel Between and, Sydney s population rose by 1.2%, however, the growth in travel slowed. Weekday trips reached nearly 16.5 million per day, an increase of 0.8% from the previous year, while weekend travel fell by 2% to 14.8 million trips, following a period of strong growth previously. In, Sydney residents travelled a total of 142 million kilometres on an average weekday, an increase of over 3% from the previous year. This growth is fuelled by both vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) and public transport kilometres travelled. Since the previous year, the growth in kilometres travelled outpaced the growth in weekday trips and population, indicating that people are travelling further, on average. Purpose of travel Trips for social/recreational and shopping purposes were the largest contributors to the growth in total weekday travel, each increasing by nearly 3% in the year. Associated distances travelled for these purposes also grew substantially, up by roughly 7% for both categories. Education/childcare and serve passenger trips (which tend to be related to each another) also grew, but at the same rate as population million THE NUMBER OF TRIPS MADE IN SYDNEY ON A WEEKDAY IN 79 minutes THE AMOUNT OF TIME SPENT TRAVELLING BY THE AVERAGE SYDNEYSIDER ON A WEEKDAY 23% growth THE AMOUNT THAT WEEKDAY TRAIN TRIPS HAVE GROWN BETWEEN AND 3.63 trips THE NUMBER OF TRIPS MADE BY EACH SYDNEYSIDER ON A WEEKDAY IN For the seventh consecutive year, the number of personal business trips decreased. This sustained trend indicates that mobile technologies are impacting on these types of trips. Furthermore, for the first time in the past decade, commute trips also fell, declining by 2% since the previous year. Work-related business trips also fell. 10 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

13 Mode of travel The growth in public transport trips was higher than the growth in car trips, with train and bus trips increasing by 3.5% and 2.6%, respectively, and vehicle driver trips increasing by 1.2%. However, this growth in public transport usage is not reflected in mode shares in a significant way. The mode share for private vehicle use remained high (68% for vehicle drivers and passengers), compared to walk (18%) and public transport trips (11%). Distance travelled Since the previous year, all HTS distance measures grew faster than the rate of population growth. Public transport passenger kilometres grew at 5.3% and Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) grew by 3.3%. Following three consecutive years of decline, average weekday distance travelled by train grew by 6% since. Distance travelled by bus continued its steady growth, increasing by nearly 4% over the previous year. This was consistent with the growth in trips made by these two modes. Distance travelled by car drivers and passengers also increased in the past year, but at a slower rate. With one exception distance travelled for all purposes grew. Distance travelled for social/ recreation trips increased the most (7.2%), closely followed by shopping trips (6.6%). Vehicles Growth in the number of private vehicles in Sydney continued to outpace population growth, albeit at a slightly slower pace than in previous years. The number of vehicles per household has remained relatively constant (1.54 vehicles) in recent years. The proportion of households with no vehicles (12%) continued to decline, with a corresponding increase in the proportion of single-vehicle dwellings. In the last decade... GROWTH IN weekend travel outstrips weekdays 8% 14% M T W T F S S TRIPS FOR education & social/recreation growing fastest education & social/ recreation commute serve passenger shopping -16% 17% 12% 11% 9% GROWTH IN bus & train travel surpasses car personal business 23% 16% 6% Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 11

14 Table 2.1: Key Transport Indicators for residents of the Sydney Statistical Division Indicator 1 Persons ('000) 4,067 4,279 4,352 4,420 4,482 4, % 11.6% 2 Population No. of households ('000) 1,499 1,606 1,633 1,659 1,682 1, % 13.6% Total travel Vehicles Bicycles Distance Travel time Purpose 4 of travel (trips) Mode 5 of travel (trips) Purpose 4 of travel (distance) Mode 5 of travel (distance) 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Trips Trips av. weekday ( 000) 15,207 16,263 16,312 16,159 16,322 16, % 8.2% Trips av. weekend day ( 000) 13,013 14,618 14,799 15,073 15,130 14, % 13.9% Trips per capita weekday % -3.0% Trips per capita weekend % 2.1% Trips per household weekday % -4.7% Trips per household weekend % 0.3% Vehicles Private vehicles ( 000) 2,115 2,394 2,465 2,527 2,589 2, % 24.2% Vehicles per household % 9.3% Bicycles Bicycle ownership ('000) 1,203 1,592 1,616 1,641 1,678 1, % 35.2% Bicycles per household % 19.1% Kilometres Total travel ( 000) 127, , , , , , % 11.7% Total travel per capita % 0.1% Av. trip length % 3.2% Vehicle travel (VKT) ( 000) 3 74,091 76,349 77,037 76,776 79,745 82, % 11.1% VKT per capita % -0.4% PT passenger ('000) 19,634 23,315 22,960 22,210 22,035 23, % 18.2% Minutes Av. work trip duration % 11.0% Av. non-work trip duration % 2.4% Daily travel time per capita % 0.3% Trips 000s Social/recreation 3,359 3,659 3,714 3,688 3,837 3, % 17.4% Serve passenger 2,653 2,967 2,932 2,863 2,925 2, % 11.4% Shopping 2,453 2,555 2,554 2,570 2,603 2, % 9.1% Commuting 2,262 2,541 2,559 2,565 2,586 2, % 12.0% Work related business 1,567 1,445 1,440 1,417 1,316 1, % -16.7% Education/childcare 1,279 1,423 1,449 1,432 1,477 1, % 17.0% Personal business 1,198 1,190 1,177 1,121 1,042 1, % -16.4% Other % 25.6% Trips 000s Vehicle driver 7,686 8,080 8,015 7,943 8,062 8, % 6.2% Vehicle passenger 3,462 3,643 3,635 3,610 3,653 3, % 6.2% Train % 22.8% Bus ,007 1, % 15.7% Walk only 2,741 3,035 3,130 3,136 3,139 3, % 15.3% Other modes % 20.5% Kilometres 000s Social/recreation 27,961 26,886 27,169 26,694 29,175 31, % 11.9% Serve passenger 16,016 16,678 17,369 17,107 17,837 18, % 12.9% Shopping 11,812 13,180 12,480 12,275 13,029 13, % 17.5% Commuting 32,398 36,608 37,055 37,498 37,801 37, % 17.1% Work related business 20,522 21,124 20,527 20,210 19,578 20, % -0.7% Education/childcare 8,392 9,609 9,963 9,638 10,605 10, % 30.1% Personal business 8,252 7,673 7,775 7,280 6,898 6, % -19.6% Other 1,675 1,729 1,684 1,722 2,017 2, % 39.4% Kilometres 000s Vehicle driver 74,091 76,349 77,037 76,776 79,745 82, % 11.1% Vehicle passenger 27,684 26,969 27,022 26,938 28,791 29, % 6.6% Train 13,957 17,208 16,628 15,786 15,348 16, % 16.5% Bus 5,677 6,106 6,331 6,423 6,687 6, % 22.4% Walk only 2,497 2,602 2,664 2,643 2,529 2, % -4.1% Other modes 1,802 2,328 2,562 2,521 2,520 2, % 54.6% 12 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

15 Table 2.1 cont d Indicator 1 Purpose 4 of travel (trips %) Mode 5 of travel (trips %) Purpose 4 of travel (distance %) Mode 5 of travel (distance %) Trips % 6 Social/recreation 22.1% 22.5% 22.8% 22.8% 23.5% 24.0% Serve passenger 17.4% 18.2% 18.0% 17.7% 17.9% 18.0% Shopping 16.1% 15.7% 15.7% 15.9% 16.0% 16.3% Commuting 14.9% 15.6% 15.7% 15.9% 15.8% 15.4% Work related business 10.3% 8.9% 8.8% 8.8% 8.1% 7.9% Education/childcare 8.4% 8.8% 8.9% 8.9% 9.0% 9.1% Personal business 7.9% 7.3% 7.2% 6.9% 6.4% 6.1% Other 2.9% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 3.3% 3.3% Trips % 6 Vehicle driver 48.4% 47.6% 47.0% 46.8% 46.9% 46.9% Vehicle passenger 21.8% 21.4% 21.3% 21.3% 21.3% 21.1% Train 4.9% 5.1% 5.2% 5.3% 5.4% 5.5% Bus 5.6% 5.7% 5.8% 5.8% 5.9% 5.9% Walk only 17.2% 17.9% 18.3% 18.5% 18.3% 18.2% Other modes 2.1% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.3% Distance % 6 Social/recreation 22.0% 20.1% 20.3% 20.2% 21.3% 22.1% Serve passenger 12.6% 12.5% 13.0% 12.9% 13.0% 12.8% Shopping 9.3% 9.9% 9.3% 9.3% 9.5% 9.8% Commuting 25.5% 27.4% 27.6% 28.3% 27.6% 26.8% Work related business 16.2% 15.8% 15.3% 15.3% 14.3% 14.4% Education/childcare 6.6% 7.2% 7.4% 7.3% 7.7% 7.7% Personal business 6.5% 5.7% 5.8% 5.5% 5.0% 4.7% Other 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.3% 1.5% 1.6% Distance % 6 Vehicle driver 58.9% 58.0% 58.3% 58.6% 58.8% 58.7% Vehicle passenger 22.0% 20.5% 20.4% 20.5% 21.2% 21.0% Train 11.1% 13.1% 12.6% 12.0% 11.3% 11.6% Bus 4.5% 4.6% 4.8% 4.9% 4.9% 5.0% Walk only 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 1.7% Other modes 1.4% 1.8% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 2.0% NOTES 1 Data are for average weekday unless otherwise indicated. Percentages are calculated from unrounded data. 2 Population and households refer to residents of occupied private dwellings only. 3 VKT Vehicle Kilometres Travelled is based on vehicle driver trips. 4 Trip purpose estimates are based on linked trips, with trips to return home coded to the previous priority purpose. 5 Estimates of trip and distance by mode are based on unlinked trips except for walk only trips. 6 Percentages do not always add to 100 due to rounding. 13

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17 3 Travel in Sydney Characteristics 3.1 Travel trends Vehicle ownership double fast Weekend growth accelerated VKT trending upwards Household vehicles (24%) and Gross State Product (GSP) (23%) are growing twice as fast as weekday travel (8%) and population (12%). Over the decade, the growth in weekend trips (14%) outpaced weekday trips (8%). Following a dip in, Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) is continuing to rise. Figure 3.1.1: Travel trends, to Index of growth / / / / /07 Population Vehicles Vehicle kms travelled Gross State Product Weekday Trips Weekend Trips Total kms travelled Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 15

18 3.2 Purpose of travel Social and recreational trips top the list Commuters travel furthest Personal business trips on the decline The proportion of social/recreation trips made on an average weekday in was close to a quarter, after gradually increasing from previous years. Social/recreation trips also accounted for 24% of time spent travelling (Figures and 3.2.2). The proportion of all distances travelled for commute purposes was 27%, whereas only 15% of trips were for this purpose. The proportion of personal business trips has been steadily falling since 2004/05. Figure 3.2.1: Purpose of average weekday trips over time 25% 20% 22.5% 22.8% 22.8% 23.5% 24.0% 15% 18.2% 18.0% 17.7% 17.9% 18.0% 15.7% 15.7% 15.9% 16.0% 16.3% 15.6% 15.7% 15.9% 15.8% 15.4% 10% 5% 8.9% 8.8% 8.8% 8.1% 7.9% 8.8% 8.9% 8.9% 9.0% 9.1% 7.3% 7.2% 6.9% 6.4% 6.1% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 3.3% 3.3% 0% Social/ recreation Serve passenger Shopping Commute Work related business Education/ childcare Personal business Other trips to return home recoded to previous priority purpose Refer to Table Figure 3.2.2: Purpose share of trips, distance and time, average weekday, 30% Trips Distance Time 25% 27% 20% 24% 22% 24% 24% 15% 10% 5% 0% Social/ recreation 18% 13% 12% 16% 10% 11% Serve passenger Shopping Commute Work related business 15% 8% 14% 11% 9% 8% 10% Education/ childcare 6% 5% 5% Personal business 3% 2% 2% Other Refer to Tables and Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

19 3.3 Mode of travel Public transport rising Nearing one million train trips each weekday Train (23%) and bus (16%) trips have risen faster than the population in the last decade. There were 952,000 train trips made on an average weekday in. Train accounted for 5% of trips made on an average weekday and 12% of distance travelled. Train trips tend to be used for longer journeys. Figure 3.3.1: Number of trips by mode on an average weekday 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Other Unlinked trip legs other includes taxi, bicycle and ferry Refer to Table One in five trips by foot Mode shares unchanged The proportion of walk only trips (18%) was not insignificant, though distances travelled were short. The distribution of trips by mode has been largely stable in the last five years. Figure 3.3.2: Mode share of trips, distance and time, average weekday, 60% Trips Distance Time 50% 40% 47% 59% 51% 30% 20% 10% 0% 21% 21% 20% 5% 12% 8% 6% 5% 7% 18% 2% 10% 2% 2% 4% Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Other Refer to Tables and Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 17

20 3.4 Purpose by mode Car dominates all purposes PT on the up for education Walking more for fun For all trip purposes, the main mode of transport was by private vehicle, either as a driver or passenger. Although most trips for education/childcare were made by private vehicle, there has been a growing proportion of trips made by bus or train. However, the proportion of walk trips to education/childcare fell. The proportion of social/recreation trips made by walking increased from 26% to 29% between and. Figure 3.4.1: Mode share 1 of trip purpose, average weekday, and Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Other 100% 80% 60% 6% 7% 6% 6% 14% 8% 22% 17% 8% 27% 4% 14% 20% 4% 5% 17% 26% 29% 10% 6% 7% 7% 6% 14% 33% 6% 17% 18% 9% 28% 4% 13% 20% 4% 18% 29% 27% 10% 30% 40% 81% 81% 20% 62% 45% 52% 54% 37% 56% 64% 47% 52% 53% 36% 58% 0% 7% 6% Commute Work related business Education/ childcare Shopping Personal business Social/ recreation Serve passenger Commute Work related business Education/ childcare Shopping Personal business Social/ recreation Serve passenger Refer to Table Proportions of less than 4% are not labeled in the graph but are reported in table Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

21 3.5 Reasons for mode choice PT commuters avoid parking problems PT more economical Speed an important factor Those commuting to work by public transport were most likely to do so because they were avoiding parking problems (53%). A third (33%) of PT commuters travelled to work by PT because it was cheaper than travelling by car. Many PT commuters (31%) travelled to work by PT because it was faster than travelling by car. Figure 3.5.1: Reasons for commuting by public transport, 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Avoids parking problems 53% Cheaper Faster Less stressful than other forms 25% 31% 33% Do not have a car 22% Live or work close to public transport Arrives closer to destination Enjoy time to read and relax 13% 15% 18% Don't drive/no licence 11% Car used by someone else Environmental reasons Other 4% 5% 8% Employer assistance in public transport costs 2% Refer to Table Convenience rules for car commuters Few carpooling For commuters who travelled to work by car, 53% said that they preferred the convenience and independence a car offers. Many car commuters said that PT services are indirect (37%) or slow (26%). Only 6% of car commuters carpooled to work. Figure 3.5.2: Reasons for commuting by car, 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Prefer convenience/independence of car 53% PT services are indirect 37% PT services are too slow 26% PT doesn't go where required PT timetable constraints Employer provides/subsidises car/parking Use car for work trips Use car for other non-work trips PT is unavailable here PT services are too infrequent Carpooling arrangements PT services are unreliable 17% 16% 14% 13% 11% 10% 9% 6% 6% Other PT uncomfortable 3% 4% Refer to Table Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 19

22 3.6 Public transport fare and ticket type Bulk of train trips by full fare One in four free on bus The majority of train trips (63%) were made by users who paid full fare. Nearly a quarter of train trips (23%) were made on concession tickets, either as students or pensioners. Many bus trips (25%) were made by students travelling on free school passes. Use of concession tickets was also high for bus (32%). Figure 3.6.1: Proportion of train and bus trips by fare type, and 70% 60% 50% 61% 63% 40% 30% 37% 37% 20% 10% 0% 9% 9% 15% 17% 8% 6% 5% 4% 2% 1% 1% 0% 24% 25% 16% 21% 14% 11% 5% 5% 3% 2% 2% 0% Full Fare Free School Pass Concession: Student and Other Concession: Pensioner/Aged Train Free Fare Other Child Fare Other Fare Full Fare Free School Pass Concession: Student and Other Concession: Pensioner/Aged Bus Free Fare Other Child Fare Other Fare Refer to Table Weeklies still the way to go Many bus trips free Weekly tickets remained popular among train users; however, this category contracted over the decade in line with the growth in the recently introduced fortnightly and monthly tickets. Three in ten bus trips were free, whilst a quarter of bus trips were made with fixed-multiple tickets, eg TravelTens. Figure 3.6.2: Proportion of train and bus trips by ticket type, and 40% 35% 38% 30% 34% 25% 20% 23% 25% 29% 30% 27% 25% 15% 10% 5% 0% 13% 12% 12% 8% 8% 10% 0% 1% 0% 5% 3% 3% 3% 1% 10% 10% 18% 3% 3% 12% 14% 15% 0% 0% 2% 1% 2% 0% Weekly Free travel Single Return Daily Train Fixed multiple trips Monthly/Fortnightly Quarterly/Yearly Other Weekly Free travel Single Return Daily Bus Fixed multiple trips Monthly/Fortnightly Quarterly/Yearly Other Refer to Table Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

23 3.7 Trip distance PT outpacing car VKT rising in recent years Between and, distances travelled by bus increased by 22%, train by 17% and car driver by 11%. Total distance travelled by car drivers (VKT) has been growing on par with population but recently has accelerated, reaching 82.3 million kilometres on an average weekday in. Average car driver trips have reached the 10km mark (Figure 3.7.2). Upswing in distance travelled by train Following three years of steady decline, total distances travelled by train grew by 6% in to 16.3 million kilometres on an average weekday. Figure 3.7.1: Total trip distance by mode 100,000 80,000 Kilometres ('000) 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Other Unlinked trip legs other includes taxi, ferry, bicycle etc. Refer to Table Bus trips getting longer Over the preceding nine years, the average bus trip has steadily grown from 5.9km to 6.7km. Figure 3.7.2: a Kilometres Unlinked trip legs Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Refer to Table Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 21

24 Distances growing for most purposes Since the previous year, average trip distances grew for most trip purposes, in particular for commute and work-related business trips, which were already the trips with the longest average distances. Figure 3.7.3: Average trip distance by purpose 16 Kilometres Commute Work related business Education/ childcare Shopping Personal business Social/ recreation Serve passenger Refer to Table Short trips mainly active Trains used for longer trips The vast majority (71%) of trips that are less than 1km were made by walking. A quarter (24%) of trips that were 1-2km were also made by walking. The longer the trip, the more likely one is to use a train. Figure 3.7.4: Average weekday trips: distance by mode, 4,500,000 Vehicle driver Vehicle pass Train Bus Walking Other 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, ,000-10% 27% 9% 6% 71% 26% 5% 24% 11% 21% 17% 24% 52% 16% 56% 9% 61% 43% 62% 17% Up to 1km km km km km More than 20km Refer to Table Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

25 3.8 Trip duration 1 Time stands still Duration by mode unchanged Longest time spent on trains Walk trips shortest Sydneysiders spent an average of 79 minutes travelling each weekday. This has remained unchanged for the last decade. With the exception of train trips, average trip durations by mode have remained stable over the previous five years. Compared to other modes, average trip durations by train were the longest, at 28 minutes. Walk trips were shorter in duration than all other modes, averaging ten minutes. Figure 3.8.1: Average trip duration by mode Minutes Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Refer to Table Non-discretionary trips take most time Shopping nearby Time spent travelling relatively unchanged People travelled the longest for non-discretionary activities, such as work (35 minutes), work related business (30 minutes), and education (23 minutes). Sydneysiders travelled 15 minutes on average to make a shopping trip. Overall, the amount of time spent travelling by trip purpose was stable over the last five years. Figure 3.8.2: Average trip duration by purpose Minutes Commute Work related business Education/ childcare Shopping Personal business Social/ recreation Serve passenger Refer to Table Trip duration by purpose is based on the door-to-door journey time of linked trips. Trip duration by mode is based on unlinked trip legs, which refers to in-vehicle time in the case of motorised modes. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 23

26 3.9 Time of day Weekday travel peaks Weekend spread more even There were distinct weekday peaks at 8.30am, 3.30pm and 5.30pm. These coincide with trips to/from work and education. Weekend travel ramped up during the late morning and remained at this level most of the day. This was related to more discretionary trips on weekends. Discretionary trips include shopping and social/recreation which tend to be made throughout the day. Figure 3.9.1: Persons travelling on motorised modes by time of day, average weekday and weekend, 600,000 8:30am 12:00noon 3:30pm 5:30pm 500,000 Number of travellers 400, , , , am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm 12am weekday weekend Motorised travel only School s out Trips to drop-off or pick-up someone were closely aligned with trips for education. This is consistent with trips for education being increasingly made by private vehicle. Figure 3.9.2: Persons travelling on motorised modes for selected purposes by time of day, average weekday, 250,000 8:00am 12:00noon 3:30pm 5:30pm Number of travellers 200, , ,000 50, am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm 12am Motorised travel only Commute WRB Education/ Childcare Drop-off/Pick-up Discretionary 24 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

27 Mode and purpose alignment Trips made by car drivers and by train aligned closely in time with commute trips. Trips by car passengers and by bus aligned more closely with education trips. Figure 3.9.3: Persons travelling on motorised modes by time of day, average weekday, 300,000 8:00am 12:00noon 3:30pm 5:30pm 250,000 Number of travellers 200, , ,000 50, am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm 12am Motorised travel only Vehicle Driver Vehicle Passenger Train Bus Other Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 25

28 3.10 Profile of travellers Mode by gender Driving a male thing But also walking more Men were more likely to drive than women, while women were more likely to be car passengers than men. There were virtually no differences between the sexes for other modes in. The proportion of walking trips made by men increased from 15% in to 18% in. Figure : Mode share of trips by gender, and 60% 50% 40% 53% 50% 43% 44% 30% 20% 10% 19% 18% 5% 6% 5% 6% 15% 18% 3% 3% 25% 24% 5% 5% 6% 6% 19% 19% 2% 2% 0% Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Other Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Other Male Female unlinked trips except for 'walk only' Refer to Table Mode by age Younger people driving less All age groups prefer car PT used most by younger travellers As compared to, people aged 30 years and below were less likely to drive in. Those aged over 60 were more likely to drive in the recent year. Whether it be by car passenger (particularly for younger people) or car driver, the car was the mode most likely to be used in all age groups. Public transport use was highest for those aged 11-30, the years associated with schooling and comparatively low access to vehicles. Figure : Mode share of trips by age group, and Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Other 100% 80% 60% 18% 4% 13% 19% 18% 16% 17% 20% 4% 4% 4% 6% 5% 8% 4% 5% 14% 8% 9% 10% 14% 8% 12% 26% 18% 16% 20% 20% 4% 4% 17% 8% 6% 10% 11% 8% 5% 9% 15% 18% 19% 4% 4% 4% 7% 4% 10% 13% 26% 8% 18% 12% 16% 40% 20% 76% 39% 53% 64% 72% 63% 56% 39% 75% 42% 46% 60% 69% 64% 59% 43% 0% 17% % Refer to Table Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

29 3.11 Vehicles Vehicle ownership & vehicle occupancy Multi-vehicle households rising Solo driving dominates Vehicle occupancy unchanged In, 42% of Sydney households owned two or more vehicles. This figure rose to 47% in. The average number of vehicles per household increased from 1.41 to 1.54 in the same time period (Table 4.8.2). Two-thirds of weekday car trips did not have any passengers. Nearly three quarters of vehicle kilometres travelled (73%) were in single-occupant vehicles. Between and, the average vehicle occupancy remained stable at Trips to work (1.10) had a lower occupancy rate than non-work trips (1.66). (Table ). Figure : Vehicle driver trips and distance (VKT) by vehicle occupancy, 80% Trips Distance 70% 60% 67% 73% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 22% 18% 7% 5% 3% 3% 1% 1% One Two Three Four Five or more Vehicle Occupancy Refer to Tables and Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 27

30 28 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

31 4 Detailed tables 4.1 Total travel Table 4.1.1: Total population, households and number of travellers 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/ Population 1 4,067 4,181 4,218 4,279 4,352 4,420 4,482 4, % 11.6% ERP 2 4,128 4,245 4,282 4,340 4,411 4,487 4,550 4, % 11.6% Travellers average day 3,377 3,554 3,597 3,623 3,683 3,733 3,788 3, % 12.7% PT users average weekday % 8.5% PT users average day % 9.9% PT users last 7 days 3 N/A 1,197 1,175 1,206 1,228 1,289 1,312 1, % N/A Households 1,499 1,564 1,583 1,606 1,633 1,659 1,682 1, % 13.6% Average household size % -1.8% Table 4.1.2: Number of trips / /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/ Average weekday 15,207 15,757 15,939 16,263 16,312 16,159 16,322 16, % 8.2% Average weekend day 13,013 13,686 14,700 14,618 14,799 15,073 15,130 14, % 13.9% Average day 14,580 15,165 15,585 15,793 15,880 15,849 15,981 15, % 9.7% Average weekday AM peak 3,087 3,267 3,368 3,474 3,516 3,446 3,489 3, % 12.8% Total weekday (M-F) 76,034 78,787 79,695 81,315 81,561 80,796 81,608 82, % 8.2% Total weekend (S-S) 26,026 27,371 29,399 29,236 29,597 30,145 30,260 29, % 13.9% Total weekly (M-S) 102, , , , , , , , % 9.7% Table 4.1.3: Trip rates for persons 5 and households (average weekday) Average weekday 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Per person % -3.0% Per household % -4.7% NOTES 1 Population reported here is derived from the HTS and is for residents of private dwellings only. 2 ERP (ABS Estimated Resident Population) is higher than HTS population as it includes people in non-private dwellings. 3 Based on an average day for population aged over 14 years. 4 Number of trips is based on linked trips. See glossary for the definition of a linked trip. 5 Person trip rates are per capita, that is, they are estimated for the total population including those who did not make a trip. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 29

32 4.2 Purpose of travel Table 4.2.1: Number of trips by purpose 1 (average weekday) Purpose 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/ Social/recreation 3,359 3,614 3,670 3,659 3,714 3,688 3,837 3, % 17.4% Serve passenger 2,653 2,858 2,939 2,967 2,932 2,863 2,925 2, % 11.4% Shopping 2,453 2,489 2,473 2,555 2,554 2,570 2,603 2, % 9.1% Commute 2,262 2,389 2,468 2,541 2,559 2,565 2,586 2, % 12.0% Work related business 1,567 1,384 1,355 1,445 1,440 1,417 1,316 1, % -16.7% Education/childcare 1,279 1,329 1,377 1,423 1,449 1,432 1,477 1, % 17.0% Personal business 1,198 1,221 1,198 1,190 1,177 1,121 1,042 1, % -16.4% Other % 25.6% Total 15,207 15,757 15,939 16,263 16,312 16,159 16,322 16, % 8.2% Table 4.2.2: Proportion of trips by purpose (average weekday) Purpose 2005/ /07 Social/recreation Serve passenger Shopping Commute 22.1% 17.4% 16.1% 14.9% 22.9% 18.1% 15.8% 15.2% 23.0% 18.4% 15.5% 15.5% 22.5% 18.2% 15.7% 15.6% 22.8% 18.0% 15.7% 15.7% 22.8% 17.7% 15.9% 15.9% 23.5% 17.9% 16.0% 15.8% 24.0% 18.0% 16.3% 15.4% Work related business 10.3% 8.8% 8.5% 8.9% 8.8% 8.8% 8.1% 7.9% Education/childcare Personal business 8.4% 7.9% 8.4% 7.7% 8.6% 7.5% 8.8% 7.3% 8.9% 7.2% 8.9% 6.9% 9.0% 6.4% 9.1% 6.1% Other 2.9% 3.0% 2.9% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 3.3% 3.3% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NOTE 1 Linked trips are used when reporting trips by purpose. Trips to return home have been allocated to the previous priority purpose. See glossary for an explanation and definitions. 30 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

33 4.3 Mode of travel Table 4.3.1: Number of trips by mode 1 (average weekday) Mode 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/ Vehicle driver 7,686 7,952 7,992 8,080 8,015 7,943 8,062 8, % 6.2% Vehicle passenger 3,462 3,470 3,550 3,643 3,635 3,610 3,653 3, % 6.2% Total vehicle 11,148 11,422 11,542 11,722 11,650 11,553 11,715 11, % 6.2% Train % 22.8% Public Bus % 7.3% Private Bus % 29.9% Ferry % 54.8% Total public transport 1,706 1,756 1,775 1,863 1,915 1,928 1,977 2, % 19.8% Walk only 2,741 2,973 2,964 3,035 3,130 3,136 3,139 3, % 15.3% Bicycle % -5.9% Taxi % -6.2% Other % 73.9% Total 15,895 16,493 16,628 16,988 17,064 16,981 17,185 17, % 9.4% Table 4.3.2: Proportion of trips by mode (average weekday) Mode 2005/ /07 Vehicle driver 48.4% 48.2% 48.1% 47.6% 47.0% 46.8% 46.9% 46.9% Vehicle passenger Total vehicle 21.8% 70.1% 21.0% 69.3% 21.4% 69.4% 21.4% 69.0% 21.3% 68.3% 21.3% 68.0% 21.3% 68.2% 21.1% 68.1% Train 4.9% 4.8% 4.9% 5.1% 5.2% 5.3% 5.4% 5.5% Public Bus 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.4% Private Bus 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.2% 2.3% 2.3% 2.4% 2.5% Ferry Total public transport Walk only Bicycle Taxi 0.2% 10.7% 17.2% 0.6% 0.7% 0.2% 10.6% 18.0% 0.7% 0.7% 0.2% 10.7% 17.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.2% 11.0% 17.9% 0.7% 0.7% 0.2% 11.2% 18.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 11.4% 18.5% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 11.5% 18.3% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 11.8% 18.2% 0.5% 0.6% Other 0.5% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.8% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NOTE 1 Mode figures are based on unlinked trip legs. Ferry, bicycle, taxi and other mode estimates are subject to high standard errors due to the small sample sizes for these modes. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 31

34 Table 4.3.3: Proportion of trips by mode and purpose 2 (average weekday) Purpose Vehicle Driver Vehicle Passenger Train Bus Walk Other 3 Total Commute 63.5% 6.4% 14.4% 7.0% 6.0% 2.8% 100.0% Work related business 80.5% 5.6% 3.5% 1.5% 7.0% 1.9% 100.0% Education/childcare 5.8% 47.4% 9.0% 17.9% 17.4% 2.5% 100.0% Shopping 51.6% 12.7% 2.8% 4.1% 27.8% 1.0% 100.0% Personal business 52.7% 18.1% 3.7% 4.3% 20.0% 1.2% 100.0% Social/recreation 36.0% 26.5% 2.7% 2.8% 28.7% 3.3% 100.0% Serve passenger 57.8% 30.0% 1.1% 0.7% 9.9% 0.6% 100.0% Commute 62.8% 6.5% 14.7% 7.1% 6.4% 2.5% 100.0% Work related business 80.2% 6.8% 3.2% 1.4% 6.4% 2.0% 100.0% Education/childcare 5.6% 48.9% 8.6% 16.5% 17.7% 2.7% 100.0% Shopping 51.9% 12.1% 2.8% 4.1% 27.9% 1.1% 100.0% Personal business 52.8% 17.1% 3.3% 4.7% 20.4% 1.7% 100.0% Social/recreation 35.7% 26.9% 2.4% 2.9% 28.7% 3.3% 100.0% Serve passenger 57.0% 30.5% 1.1% 0.8% 10.1% 0.5% 100.0% Commute 61.6% 6.3% 15.6% 7.7% 6.6% 2.1% 100.0% Work related business 80.0% 6.1% 3.0% 1.3% 7.3% 2.4% 100.0% Education/childcare 4.9% 49.0% 8.6% 15.9% 19.0% 2.7% 100.0% Shopping 51.4% 12.7% 2.9% 4.1% 27.7% 1.1% 100.0% Personal business 52.9% 16.7% 3.1% 5.0% 19.6% 2.7% 100.0% Social/recreation 35.2% 26.6% 2.5% 2.7% 29.6% 3.4% 100.0% Serve passenger 56.1% 32.2% 0.8% 0.6% 9.7% 0.6% 100.0% Commute 60.7% 6.3% 15.9% 7.4% 7.5% 2.3% 100.0% Work related business 79.5% 6.8% 3.1% 1.3% 6.9% 2.5% 100.0% Education/childcare 5.3% 50.2% 8.6% 17.1% 16.5% 2.4% 100.0% Shopping 51.5% 12.7% 2.9% 4.0% 27.8% 1.1% 100.0% Personal business 53.1% 15.5% 3.7% 4.8% 20.1% 2.8% 100.0% Social/recreation 35.7% 26.2% 2.7% 2.7% 29.4% 3.2% 100.0% Serve passenger 56.3% 32.4% 0.7% 0.5% 9.7% 0.4% 100.0% Commute 60.4% 6.6% 15.9% 7.6% 7.1% 2.3% 100.0% Work related business 80.2% 5.5% 3.6% 1.3% 7.0% 2.4% 100.0% Education/childcare 5.7% 50.7% 9.4% 16.6% 15.3% 2.3% 100.0% Shopping 52.5% 13.0% 2.5% 3.8% 27.2% 1.1% 100.0% Personal business 53.2% 16.1% 3.6% 4.4% 20.1% 2.5% 100.0% Social/recreation 35.8% 26.1% 2.8% 2.8% 29.1% 3.3% 100.0% Serve passenger 56.9% 32.3% 0.7% 0.4% 9.1% 0.6% 100.0% Commute 62.2% 8.3% 14.4% 6.1% 6.2% 2.9% 100.0% Work related business 81.3% 6.2% 2.7% 1.2% 7.2% 1.5% 100.0% Education/childcare 7.0% 44.9% 7.9% 17.2% 21.6% 1.3% 100.0% Shopping 51.7% 13.8% 2.9% 4.1% 26.5% 1.0% 100.0% Personal business 53.5% 16.8% 4.6% 4.0% 19.7% 1.3% 100.0% Social/recreation 36.6% 28.9% 2.6% 3.0% 25.6% 3.3% 100.0% Serve passenger 55.5% 32.9% 0.8% 0.9% 9.7% 0.3% 100.0% NOTES 2 The data used in this table are based on linked trips. In the analysis of trip purposes, trips to return home are allocated to the previous priority purpose. Mode is based on the priority mode of the linked trip. For further details, please refer to the glossary. 3 Other includes ferry. 32 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

35 Table 4.3.4: Reasons for travelling to work by public transport (weekdays) Reason Percent 4 Avoids parking problems Cheaper Faster 53% 33% 31% Less stressful than other forms 25% Do not have a car 22% Live or work close to public transport Arrives closer to destination Enjoy time to read and relax Don't drive/no licence Car used by someone else Environmental reasons 18% 15% 13% 11% 8% 5% Other 4% Employer assistance in public transport costs 2% Table 4.3.5: Reasons for travelling to work by car (weekdays) Reason Percent 4 Prefer convenience/independence of car PT services are indirect 53% 37% PT services are too slow 26% PT doesn't go where required PT timetable constraints Employer provides/subsidises car/parking Use car for work trips Use car for other non-work trips PT is unavailable here PT services are too infrequent Carpooling arrangements PT services are unreliable 17% 16% 14% 13% 11% 10% 9% 6% 6% Other 4% PT uncomfortable 3% NOTE 4 Respondents could give more than one response, therefore percentages add to more than 100%. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 33

36 Table 4.3.6: Public transport 5 fare type (average weekday) Fare type 2002/ / / / /07 Full Fare 61.0% 61.9% 62.7% 61.8% 62.4% 61.5% 62.5% 64.8% 65.9% 64.7% 62.9% Child Fare 1.7% 1.7% 0.8% 0.9% 0.7% 1.2% 1.2% 1.5% 0.9% 0.9% 1.1% Free School Pass 8.6% 7.6% 9.0% 10.0% 10.0% 9.0% 8.5% 7.6% 7.8% 8.3% 8.7% Free Fare Other 4.7% 4.1% 3.8% 3.6% 3.5% 3.0% 3.3% 4.5% 4.4% 4.0% 3.6% Concession Pensioner/Aged 8.3% 7.7% 6.7% 7.0% 7.2% 8.2% 7.6% 6.9% 6.4% 6.7% 6.2% Concession Student and Other 15.1% 16.4% 16.7% 16.2% 15.7% 16.3% 16.6% 14.6% 14.2% 15.0% 17.3% Other Fare 0.5% 0.5% 0.1% 0.4% 0.6% 0.7% 0.3% 0.1% 0.5% 0.3% 0.3% Fare type not provided 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Bus Full Fare 36.9% 36.9% 38.3% 37.9% 38.2% 37.2% 37.5% 37.9% 39.3% 38.5% 36.6% Child Fare 2.5% 2.3% 2.3% 1.6% 1.2% 0.9% 1.4% 1.9% 1.7% 2.0% 1.7% Free School Pass 24.4% 24.8% 25.8% 27.4% 28.2% 27.9% 27.7% 27.0% 24.6% 24.0% 25.0% Free Fare Other 4.8% 4.6% 3.5% 4.0% 3.7% 4.2% 3.2% 3.5% 3.8% 4.9% 4.7% Concession Pensioner/Aged 13.5% 12.6% 11.5% 12.6% 13.7% 14.8% 14.7% 14.4% 14.1% 11.9% 10.6% Concession Student and Other 15.9% 17.0% 17.3% 15.4% 13.9% 14.1% 14.6% 14.8% 16.1% 18.6% 21.4% Other Fare 1.8% 1.6% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1% Fare type not provided 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Train Table 4.3.7: Public transport 5 ticket type (average weekday) Ticket type 2002/ / / / /07 Train Single Return 11.5% 23.0% 10.3% 24.4% 10.2% 24.4% 9.3% 25.5% 9.2% 26.0% 9.0% 27.1% 9.3% 26.6% 9.9% 25.3% 9.5% 25.0% 9.1% 24.3% 8.3% 24.7% Daily Weekly Monthly/Fortnightly 6 Quarterly/Yearly Fixed multiple trips Free travel 7.8% 37.9% 0.0% 2.8% 0.4% 13.3% 8.8% 37.6% 0.0% 3.1% 0.4% 11.6% 8.0% 37.9% 0.0% 3.1% 0.3% 12.8% 7.8% 36.2% 0.0% 3.8% 0.2% 13.7% 7.2% 36.4% 0.0% 4.0% 0.3% 13.5% 8.0% 36.2% 0.0% 3.7% 0.9% 12.0% 7.6% 37.5% 0.0% 3.2% 1.1% 11.7% 7.0% 37.1% 0.0% 3.4% 1.4% 12.1% 7.1% 36.3% 1.8% 3.4% 0.8% 12.1% 7.9% 35.1% 3.6% 3.6% 0.9% 12.3% 9.5% 34.2% 5.2% 3.4% 1.4% 12.3% Other 3.2% 3.6% 3.1% 3.3% 3.5% 3.0% 2.9% 3.9% 4.0% 3.1% 1.1% Ticket type not provided Total 0.1% 100.0% 0.2% 100.0% 0.2% 100.0% 0.3% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.1% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% Bus Single Return 26.5% 3.4% 26.0% 4.9% 26.5% 5.4% 24.9% 4.0% 22.7% 3.5% 22.1% 3.8% 21.6% 4.8% 23.8% 4.7% 23.5% 4.4% 21.5% 3.6% 17.7% 2.8% Daily Weekly Monthly/Fortnightly 6 Quarterly/Yearly Fixed multiple trips Free travel 12.3% 10.2% 0.0% 1.5% 14.7% 29.2% 12.0% 8.9% 0.0% 1.4% 16.0% 29.3% 10.6% 9.7% 0.0% 1.2% 16.3% 29.4% 11.0% 9.3% 0.0% 0.8% 17.6% 31.4% 11.8% 10.4% 0.0% 1.4% 17.0% 31.9% 13.0% 8.8% 0.0% 1.4% 17.9% 32.1% 12.4% 9.9% 0.0% 1.4% 18.3% 30.8% 12.3% 8.5% 0.0% 1.1% 18.9% 30.5% 12.5% 9.6% 0.3% 0.9% 19.9% 28.4% 12.4% 9.5% 0.4% 1.1% 22.0% 28.9% 14.0% 9.8% 0.4% 0.8% 24.5% 29.7% Other 2.0% 1.3% 0.9% 0.9% 1.2% 0.9% 0.7% 0.2% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4% Ticket type not provided Total 0.2% 100.0% 0.2% 100.0% 0.2% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.1% 100.0% 0.1% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% NOTES 5 Fare type and ticket type is collected for all public transport modes but only train and bus are reported here. 6 Fortnightly tickets were first introduced in. Monthly tickets were first introduced in. 34 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

37 4.4 Trip distance Table 4.4.1: Distance travelled (average weekday) 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Average distance (km) Av. trip length % 3.2% Av. km per person % 0.1% Av. VKT per person % -0.4% Total distance ( 000 km) Total km 127, , , , , , , , % 11.7% Total VKT 74,091 74,689 75,614 76,349 77,037 76,776 79,745 82, % 11.1% Total PT passenger km 19,634 20,604 21,416 23,315 22,960 22,210 22,035 23, % 18.2% Table 4.4.2: Distance travelled by mode (average weekday) Mode 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Total distance ( 000 km) Vehicle driver 74,091 74,689 75,614 76,349 77,037 76,776 79,745 82, % 11.1% Vehicle passenger 27,684 27,439 27,354 26,969 27,022 26,938 28,791 29, % 6.6% Train 13,957 15,113 15,758 17,208 16,628 15,786 15,348 16, % 16.5% Bus 5,677 5,492 5,658 6,106 6,331 6,423 6,687 6, % 22.4% Walk only 1 2,497 2,623 2,585 2,602 2,664 2,643 2,529 2, % -4.1% Walk linked 2 1,853 2,028 2,157 2,239 2,451 2,353 2,342 2, % 18.8% Other 1,802 2,018 2,147 2,328 2,562 2,521 2,520 2, % 54.6% Total 127, , , , , , , , % 11.7% Average distance (km) Train % -5.1% Vehicle driver % 4.7% Vehicle passenger % 0.4% Bus % 5.7% Walk only % -16.8% Table 4.4.3: Proportion of distance travelled by mode (average weekday) Mode 2005/ /07 Vehicle driver 58.9% 58.6% 58.6% 58.0% 58.3% 58.6% 58.8% 58.7% Vehicle passenger 22.0% 21.5% 21.2% 20.5% 20.4% 20.5% 21.2% 21.0% Train 11.1% 11.9% 12.2% 13.1% 12.6% 12.0% 11.3% 11.6% Bus 4.5% 4.3% 4.4% 4.6% 4.8% 4.9% 4.9% 5.0% Walk only 1 2.0% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 1.7% Other 1.4% 1.6% 1.7% 1.8% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 2.0% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NOTES 1 Walk-only trips are those where the whole trip is made by walking and no change of mode is involved. 2 Walk-linked trips are walking trips where the purpose is access to, or egress from, another mode e.g. Walk to the station to catch the train or walk from the train upon arrival at the other end. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 35

38 Table 4.4.4: Distance travelled by purpose (average weekday) Purpose 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Total distance ( 000 km) Commute 32,398 33,747 34,756 36,608 37,055 37,498 37,801 37, % 17.1% Work related business 20,522 20,616 20,611 21,124 20,527 20,210 19,578 20, % -0.7% Education/child care 8,392 9,020 9,606 9,609 9,963 9,638 10,605 10, % 30.1% Shopping 11,812 12,341 12,564 13,180 12,480 12,275 13,029 13, % 17.5% Personal business 8,252 8,120 7,827 7,673 7,775 7,280 6,898 6, % -19.6% Social/recreation 27,961 26,924 26,970 26,886 27,169 26,694 29,175 31, % 11.9% Serve passenger 16,016 16,385 16,728 16,678 17,369 17,107 17,837 18, % 12.9% Other 1,675 1,673 1,668 1,729 1,684 1,722 2,017 2, % 39.4% Average distance (km) Commute % 4.9% Work related business % 21.9% Education/child care % 11.8% Shopping % 6.8% Personal business % -4.9% Social/recreation % -6.0% Serve passenger % 0.8% Table 4.4.5: Proportion of distance travelled by purpose (average weekday) Purpose 2005/ /07 Commute 25.5% 26.2% 26.6% 27.4% 27.6% 28.3% 27.6% 26.8% Work related business 16.2% 16.0% 15.8% 15.8% 15.3% 15.3% 14.3% 14.4% Education/child care Shopping Personal business 6.6% 9.3% 6.5% 7.0% 9.6% 6.3% 7.3% 9.6% 6.0% 7.2% 9.9% 5.7% 7.4% 9.3% 5.8% 7.3% 9.3% 5.5% 7.7% 9.5% 5.0% 7.7% 9.8% 4.7% Social/recreation Serve passenger Other 22.0% 12.6% 1.3% 20.9% 12.7% 1.3% 20.6% 12.8% 1.3% 20.1% 12.5% 1.3% 20.3% 13.0% 1.3% 20.2% 12.9% 1.3% 21.3% 13.0% 1.5% 22.1% 12.8% 1.6% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 36 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

39 Table 4.4.6: Trips by distance 3 category and mode (average weekday) Mode Up to 1km km km km km More than 20 km Total 000 Vehicle driver 574 1,034 2,250 1,759 1,426 1,090 8,134 Vehicle passenger , ,660 Train Bus ,034 Ferry Taxi Walk only 2, ,159 Bicycle Other Total 3,339 2,386 4,348 3,140 2,348 1,754 17,313 Table 4.4.7: Trips by distance 4 category and purpose (average weekday) More than Purpose Up to 1km km km km km 20 km Total Commute ,530 Work related business ,290 Education/child care ,496 Shopping ,674 Personal business ,002 Social/recreation ,911 Serve passenger ,955 Other Total 3,227 2,159 3,904 2,949 2,314 1,848 16, Table 4.4.8: Average trip distance, mode by purpose (average weekday) and Vehicle Vehicle driver passenger Train Bus Walk only Other (km) Commute Work related business Education/child care Shopping Personal business Social/recreation Serve passenger Other (km) Commute Work related business Education/child care Shopping Personal business Social/recreation Serve passenger Other NOTE 3 Based on unlinked trips and in-vehicle time only. 4 Based on linked trips and door-to-door travel time. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 37

40 4.5 Trip duration Table 4.5.1: Time spent travelling (average weekday) 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Average time (mins) Average trip duration % 3.4% Time spent travelling a day per person % 0.3% Table 4.5.2: Average trip duration by purpose 1 (average weekday) Purpose 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Average time (mins) Non-work trips Education/child care Social/recreation Shopping Personal business % 2.4% 0.5% 1.5% -2.6% 2.4% 8.4% -3.0% 1.8% 2.3% Serve passenger Work trips Commute % 1.8% 1.5% 2.1% 11.0% 4.0% Work related business % 14.9% Table 4.5.3: Average trip duration by mode 2 (average weekday) Mode 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Average time (mins) Vehicle driver % 5.0% Vehicle passenger % 0.7% Train % -3.7% Bus % -0.3% Walk only % -3.2% NOTE 1 Duration by purpose estimates are based on linked trips. 2 Mode estimates are based on unlinked trips. 38 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

41 Table 4.5.4: Average trip duration, mode by purpose (average weekday) and Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Train Bus Walk only Other (mins) Commute Work related business Education/child care Shopping Personal business Social/recreation Serve passenger Other (mins) Commute Work related business Education/child care Shopping Personal business Social/recreation Serve passenger Other Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 39

42 4.6 Time of day travel Table 4.6.1: Persons travelling 1 on motorised modes by time of day (average weekday) Time of day 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/ :30 am % 0.2% 8:00 am % 20.1% 10:00 am % 15.9% 12:00 noon % 13.6% 3:30 pm % 19.9% 5:30 pm % 18.3% 7:30 pm % -8.0% 10:30 pm % -18.7% Table 4.6.2: Morning peak 2 trips (average weekday) 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Morning peak trips ( 000) 3,087 3,267 3,368 3,474 3,516 3,446 3,489 3, % 12.8% Total trips ( 000) 15,207 15,757 15,939 16,263 16,312 16,159 16,322 16, % 8.2% % of total day in AM peak 20.3% 20.7% 21.1% 21.4% 21.6% 21.3% 21.4% 21.2% -1.0% 4.3% Table 4.6.3: Morning peak trips by purpose 3 (average weekday) Purpose 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/ Commute % 11.2% Work related business % -20.0% Education/child care % 15.2% Shopping % 17.4% Personal business % -6.3% Social/recreation % 41.7% Serve passenger % 18.1% Other % 146.7% Total 3,087 3,267 3,368 3,474 3,516 3,446 3,489 3, % 12.8% NOTES 1 Estimates based on unlinked trips. 2 Estimates of morning peak trips are based on linked trips arriving at their destination between 6.31 am and 9.30 am. 3 The purpose analysis uses linked trips. The trip purpose definition allocates return home trips to the previous priority purpose. Refer to the glossary for details. 40 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

43 Table 4.6.4: Proportion of morning peak trips by purpose (average weekday) Purpose 2005/ /07 Commute 26.8% 26.8% 26.9% 27.0% 27.1% 27.3% 27.0% 26.4% Work related business 11.2% 9.1% 9.2% 9.9% 9.6% 9.1% 8.1% 7.9% Education/child care Shopping Personal business 18.1% 7.1% 4.7% 17.9% 7.6% 4.7% 18.0% 7.0% 4.2% 18.0% 6.7% 4.2% 18.0% 6.6% 4.2% 18.2% 7.0% 4.3% 18.3% 7.1% 4.0% 18.5% 7.3% 3.9% Social/recreation Serve passenger Other 8.9% 23.0% 0.3% 9.5% 23.8% 0.6% 9.5% 24.7% 0.5% 9.1% 24.5% 0.5% 9.9% 24.1% 0.5% 10.1% 23.5% 0.6% 10.9% 23.9% 0.6% 11.2% 24.1% 0.7% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Table 4.6.5: Morning peak trips by mode 4 (average weekday) Mode 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/ Vehicle driver 1,626 1,727 1,762 1,797 1,804 1,777 1,803 1, % 10.4% Vehicle passenger Total private vehicle Train 678 2, , , , , , , , % -0.5% -0.5% 17.4% 12.5% 25.7% Bus % 22.5% Ferry 5 Total public transport Walk only Other % 4.0% 2.0% -4.2% 31.8% 24.2% 14.8% 17.5% Total 3,323 3,528 3,606 3,735 3,781 3,742 3,793 3, % 14.7% Table 4.6.6: Proportion of morning peak trips by mode 4 (average weekday) Mode 2005/ /07 Vehicle driver 48.9% 49.0% 48.9% 48.1% 47.7% 47.5% 47.5% 47.1% Vehicle passenger Total private vehicle Train 20.4% 69.3% 7.4% 20.6% 69.6% 7.5% 21.3% 70.2% 7.5% 21.2% 69.3% 7.8% 20.9% 68.6% 8.0% 20.7% 68.2% 8.2% 21.1% 68.7% 8.2% 20.9% 68.0% 8.1% Bus 7.9% 8.1% 8.0% 8.2% 8.0% 8.0% 7.8% 8.4% Ferry 5 Total public transport Walk only Other 0.3% 15.6% 13.6% 1.5% 0.3% 15.9% 12.8% 1.7% 0.3% 15.8% 12.3% 1.7% 0.3% 16.4% 12.6% 1.8% 0.3% 16.4% 13.3% 1.7% 0.3% 16.5% 13.8% 1.5% 0.4% 16.3% 13.4% 1.6% 0.4% 16.9% 13.6% 1.5% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NOTES 4 Mode analysis uses unlinked trips. 5 Ferry estimates may have high standard errors. 41

44 4.7 Profile of travellers Table 4.7.1: Travellers by sex and mode 1 (average weekday) 2005/ /07 Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Mode 000 Vehicle driver 4,303 3,383 4,161 3,791 4,059 3,933 4,145 3,934 4,169 3,846 4,161 3,782 4,219 3,843 4,220 3,939 Vehicle passenger 1,502 1,960 1,497 1,973 1,547 2,004 1,595 2,048 1,605 2,030 1,550 2,059 1,552 2,101 1,546 2,129 Train Bus Walk only 1,231 1,510 1,357 1,616 1,341 1,623 1,392 1,643 1,442 1,688 1,479 1,658 1,456 1,684 1,487 1,672 Other Total 8,053 7,842 8,118 8,375 8,065 8,563 8,306 8,682 8,415 8,649 8,403 8,578 8,426 8,759 8,478 8,907 Share of trips (%) Vehicle driver 53.4% 43.1% 51.3% 45.3% 50.3% 45.9% 49.9% 45.3% 49.5% 44.5% 49.5% 44.1% 50.1% 43.9% 49.8% 44.2% Vehicle passenger 18.7% 25.0% 18.4% 23.6% 19.2% 23.4% 19.2% 23.6% 19.1% 23.5% 18.5% 24.0% 18.4% 24.0% 18.2% 23.9% Train 5.1% 4.7% 5.1% 4.5% 5.4% 4.5% 5.3% 4.8% 5.6% 4.8% 5.6% 4.9% 5.8% 4.9% 5.9% 5.1% Bus 4.9% 6.4% 5.4% 5.8% 5.6% 5.5% 5.6% 5.7% 5.6% 5.9% 5.6% 6.0% 5.6% 6.1% 5.7% 6.2% Walk only 15.3% 19.3% 16.7% 19.3% 16.6% 19.0% 16.8% 18.9% 17.1% 19.5% 17.6% 19.3% 17.3% 19.2% 17.5% 18.8% Other 2.7% 1.5% 3.0% 1.6% 2.9% 1.7% 3.2% 1.6% 3.0% 1.8% 3.2% 1.7% 2.8% 1.9% 2.9% 1.8% Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NOTE 1 Mode data uses unlinked trip legs except for walk trips. 42 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

45 Table 4.7.2: Mode 2 share by age of travellers (average weekday) Vehicle Vehicle Walk Age Group Driver Passenger Train Bus only Other 3 Total % 75.4% 1.1% 4.0% 17.7% 1.8% 100.0% % 42.2% 9.0% 16.8% 16.2% 3.0% 100.0% % 12.3% 11.1% 7.9% 20.3% 3.0% 100.0% % 7.7% 5.5% 4.0% 19.8% 2.7% 100.0% % 7.3% 4.4% 2.6% 14.8% 1.9% 100.0% % 9.6% 4.2% 3.2% 17.5% 1.5% 100.0% % 13.1% 3.5% 3.8% 18.6% 1.7% 100.0% % 16.3% 2.9% 8.2% 25.5% 3.7% 100.0% % 76.5% 0.9% 4.1% 16.9% 1.7% 100.0% % 41.2% 8.4% 16.0% 17.4% 3.2% 100.0% % 13.1% 10.4% 7.5% 20.1% 2.7% 100.0% % 7.7% 5.6% 3.9% 19.2% 2.7% 100.0% % 7.3% 4.5% 2.9% 14.7% 1.8% 100.0% % 9.6% 4.2% 3.2% 18.1% 1.9% 100.0% % 13.3% 3.4% 4.2% 20.1% 1.8% 100.0% % 16.8% 2.9% 8.7% 25.8% 3.6% 100.0% % 78.0% 0.9% 3.4% 16.1% 1.7% 100.0% % 40.3% 8.2% 15.5% 18.5% 3.2% 100.0% % 12.1% 10.3% 7.5% 20.7% 2.9% 100.0% % 7.5% 5.4% 3.7% 18.5% 2.6% 100.0% % 7.3% 4.7% 2.9% 15.5% 1.9% 100.0% % 9.6% 4.1% 3.4% 18.1% 2.2% 100.0% % 13.3% 3.4% 4.7% 19.6% 2.0% 100.0% % 17.3% 2.4% 9.6% 27.9% 3.3% 100.0% % 79.4% 0.5% 3.0% 15.7% 1.4% 100.0% % 40.2% 8.5% 16.7% 16.9% 3.1% 100.0% % 11.8% 9.7% 6.5% 20.5% 2.9% 100.0% % 7.6% 5.3% 3.6% 19.4% 2.4% 100.0% % 7.2% 4.6% 3.0% 15.3% 2.1% 100.0% % 9.5% 4.4% 3.5% 17.7% 2.2% 100.0% % 13.1% 3.6% 5.5% 20.7% 2.1% 100.0% % 17.8% 2.8% 8.5% 27.1% 3.1% 100.0% % 79.9% 0.5% 2.7% 15.6% 1.5% 100.0% % 40.4% 8.7% 16.2% 16.7% 3.5% 100.0% % 11.3% 9.6% 6.7% 20.6% 3.2% 100.0% % 7.3% 5.0% 3.4% 18.1% 2.1% 100.0% % 7.2% 4.3% 2.9% 15.0% 2.3% 100.0% % 9.7% 3.9% 3.4% 17.5% 1.9% 100.0% % 14.1% 4.2% 6.1% 19.9% 2.1% 100.0% % 17.3% 2.2% 8.5% 27.2% 2.9% 100.0% % 76.1% 0.5% 3.7% 18.3% 1.4% 100.0% % 38.6% 8.4% 14.3% 18.6% 3.1% 100.0% % 11.9% 8.1% 5.7% 18.2% 3.1% 100.0% % 8.9% 4.8% 3.5% 15.9% 2.7% 100.0% % 8.0% 3.5% 2.5% 12.8% 1.5% 100.0% % 10.0% 4.4% 4.4% 17.4% 1.3% 100.0% % 14.3% 3.3% 5.3% 20.4% 0.7% 100.0% % 18.0% 4.9% 9.9% 26.0% 2.0% 100.0% NOTES 2 Mode data uses unlinked trip legs except for walk trips. 3 Other includes ferry. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 43

46 4.8 Vehicles Table 4.8.1: Number of households in Sydney by number of vehicles Household vehicles 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/ None % -7.6% One % 6.9% Two % 22.7% Three or more % 44.3% Total households 1,499 1,564 1,583 1,606 1,633 1,659 1,682 1, % 13.6% Table 4.8.2: Proportion of households in Sydney by number of vehicles Household vehicles 2005/ /07 None 15.0% 13.5% 13.5% 13.6% 13.8% 14.0% 13.1% 12.2% One 43.3% 41.8% 41.7% 41.0% 39.8% 38.9% 39.7% 40.8% Two 31.1% 33.1% 33.4% 33.4% 33.6% 33.8% 33.8% 33.6% Three or more 10.6% 11.6% 11.4% 12.0% 12.8% 13.3% 13.5% 13.4% Total households 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Table 4.8.3: Average vehicle occupancy per trip Trip type 2005/ /07 10/11-11/12 01/02-11/12 Average weekday All day % 0.0% AM peak % 1.9% Average day Trips to work % -1.4% Non-work trips % -1.5% NOTE 1 The estimate of vehicle occupancy for work trips may involve passengers travelling for non-work purposes. 44 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

47 Table 4.8.4: Proportion of trips by vehicle occupancy 2 Vehicle Occupancy 2005/ /07 Average weekday One 67% 66% 66% 67% 67% 67% 67% 67% Two 22% 22% 22% 21% 21% 21% 22% 22% Three 7% 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% 7% 7% Four 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% Five or more 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Average weekend day One 48% 49% 49% 49% 48% 49% 50% 51% Two 32% 31% 31% 31% 31% 30% 29% 28% Three 10% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 10% Four 8% 6% 6% 5% 6% 6% 7% 7% Five or more 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table 4.8.5: Proportion of distance travelled by vehicle occupancy 2 Vehicle Occupancy 2005/ /07 Average weekday One 72% 72% 73% 73% 73% 73% 73% 73% Two 18% 19% 18% 17% 17% 18% 18% 18% Three 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% Four 3% 3% 3% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% Five or more 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Average weekend day One 43% 45% 45% 46% 45% 45% 44% 45% Two 31% 32% 31% 32% 31% 30% 30% 29% Three 12% 12% 12% 11% 11% 12% 13% 13% Four 10% 7% 7% 6% 7% 7% 8% 8% Five or more 4% 4% 5% 5% 6% 6% 5% 5% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NOTE 2 Based on unlinked trips in private vehicles only. 45

48 46 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

49 5 Appendices 5.1 About the HTS The Household Travel Survey (HTS) is the largest and most comprehensive source of personal travel data for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area. This area includes the Sydney and Illawarra Statistical Divisions and the Newcastle Statistical Subdivision. It extends from Port Stephens in the north to Shoalhaven in the south and the Blue Mountains in the west. See Figure 1 at the beginning of this report. This survey is a benchmark for best practice in travel surveys in Australia and around the world, as well as being the longest running continuous household travel survey in the country. The HTS was first conducted in 1997/98 and has been running continuously since then. Prior to the HTS, three major one-off household travel surveys were conducted in Sydney in 1971, 1981 and 1991/92. These had large samples (over 12,000 households) and used a face-to-face interview method. In 1997, the HTS was established to meet the needs of transport data users for more timely information. This is conducted by collecting personal travel data on a continuous basis. The HTS uses a similar method to the 1991/92 Home Interview Survey (HIS). Survey method The HTS consists of a face-to-face interview survey carried out every day from July to June of each financial year. This collection method ensures high data quality and maximises response rates. A simple travel diary is used by each householder to record the details of all travel undertaken for their nominated 24-hour period. An interviewer then interviews each householder to collect the details of each trip. The interviewer records the mode of travel, trip purpose, start and end location, and time of departure and arrival. Vehicle occupancy, toll roads used and parking are recorded for private vehicle trips and fare type and cost for public transport trips. Detailed socio-demographic information is also collected on the household. This includes dwelling type, household structure and vehicle details, as well as age, gender, employment status, occupation and income of individual household members. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 471

50 Sample design and statistical validity The sample of the continuous HTS is designed on a three-yearly cycle so that the pooling of three years of data gives a sample size similar to that achieved in the 1991/92 HIS. About 5,000 randomly selected households are approached each year to participate in the survey. The trip estimates in this report are based on three years of pooled data collected from July 2009 to June A sample of 14,612 households in the Greater Metropolitan Area were approached during this period, of which 9,688 (66%) responded. From these responding households, 25,090 people were interviewed, giving a total of 104,989 trip records as the basis for the estimates. The HTS sampling method was designed for BTS by the Statistical Consultancy section of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) such that the relative standard error (RSE) decreases and the statistical reliability increases as more waves of data are pooled (Figure A.1 below). Figure A.1 HTS RSEs Geographic level by waves pooled 30% SLA SSD SD GMA 25% Relative Standard Error 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Year 648 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

51 Data expansion The data collected in the HTS are expanded (weighted) to estimate the travel of the population in the survey area for a given year. The survey data are weighted based on the annual Estimated Resident Population (ERP) produced by the ABS. BTS further uses ABS data on households and individuals from the latest Census of Population and Housing to adjust the ERP to produce population benchmarks of residents in private dwellings only, which are then used in the weighting process. Reference Year Waves of the HTS in the 3 year pooled dataset ABS ERP for weighting 2009/2010, 2010/2011, 2011/ /2009, 2009/2010, 2010/ /2008, 2008/2009, 2009/ /2007, 2007/2008, 2008/ /2006, 2006/2007, 2007/ / /2005, 2005/2006, 2006/ / /2004, 2004/2005, 2005/ / /2003, 2003/2004, 2004/ / /2002, 2002/2003, 2003/ / /2001, 2001/2002, 2002/ /2000, 2000/2001, 2001/ / /1999, 1999/2000, 2000/ / /1998, 1998/1999, 1999/2000 June 2011 Preliminary ERP based on 2011 Census June 2010 Preliminary ERP based on 2011 Census June 2009 Preliminary ERP based on 2011 Census June 2008 Preliminary ERP based on 2011 Census June 2007 Preliminary ERP based on 2011 Census June 2006 Final ERP based on 2006 Census June 2005 Final ERP based on 2006 Census June 2004 Final ERP based on 2006 Census June 2003 Final ERP based on 2006 Census June 2002 Final ERP based on 2006 Census June 2001 Final ERP based on 2001 Census June 2000 Final ERP based on 2001 Census June 1999 Final ERP based on 2001 Census Comparison over time RSEs associated with estimates of change between years are greater than the RSEs for each individual year. Users should therefore be careful in interpreting the significance of over time changes. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 491

52 5.2 HTS data items People & households Public transport use Work characteristics Main occupation Work schedule Working hours & their flexibility Industry of employment Employer assistance with transport Tele-working and car pooling Licence holding and mobility Types of driver s licences Reason for no driver s licence Physical disabilities preventing or restricting use of transport Tickets and fares Amount paid Fare type Ticket type Multi-modal tickets Reasons commute by public transport Household characteristics Dwelling type Ownership status of dwelling Number of household vehicles Number of bicycles (adult & child) Structure of household Personal characteristics Age Gender Personal income Employment status Country of birth Modes Train Bus (private, public, school) Ferry (private, public) Monorail, light rail, taxi, aircraft Trip characteristics Trip origin and destination Purpose of trip Time of day of trip Trip length distance and duration Vehicle characteristics Trip characteristics Vehicle make and model Trip origin Vehicle age Trip destination Engine characteristics Time of day of trip Vehicle Type of registration and ownership Trip purpose Type of fuel used Number of vehicle occupants use Trip length distance and duration Reasons commute by car Toll roads used Parking Cost of parking and who pays Type of parking used Non- Walking and cycling Trip origin motorised Trip destination Distance modes No. working adult/child bikes in household Trip purpose Time of day 5.3 Acronyms ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics PT Public Transport BTS Bureau of Transport Statistics RSE Relative Standard Error ERP Estimated Resident Population SD Statistical Division GMA Greater Metropolitan Area SLA Statistical Local Area HIS Home Interview Survey SSD Statistical Subdivision HTS Household Travel Survey TZ Travel Zone JTW Journey to Work VKT Vehicle Kilometres Travelled 650 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

53 5.4 Glossary AM peak or Morning peak Average day Average weekday Average weekend day Distance Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA) Household vehicles Illawarra SD Linked trip Mode Motorised travel Newcastle SSD Population PM or Afternoon peak Unless otherwise stated, this refers to trips arriving at their destination between 6.31 am and 9.30 am on a weekday. Average of Mondays to Sundays. Used to calculate annual estimates, by multiplying average day by 365. Average of travel over Monday to Friday including public and school holidays. Average of travel undertaken on Saturdays and Sundays. Network kilometres travelled between the X,Y co-ordinates of the trip origin and destination address. See Trip Length. BTS defined geographical area for core BTS datasets. Comprises Sydney SD, Newcastle SSD and Illawarra SD. Number of registered vehicles usually garaged at the household overnight, whether privately or company owned. Covers the Local Government Areas of Wollongong, Shellharbour, Kiama, Shoalhaven and Wingecaribee. A linked trip is a journey from one activity to another, ignoring changes of mode. A linked trip may comprise one or more unlinked trip legs. See Unlinked Trips and Priority Mode. The mode of transport used for the trip. Unlinked trips have only one mode and one purpose. Where a linked trip comprises more than one journey leg by different modes, a priority mode is allocated to the linked trip based on a pre-determined priority list of modes. See Priority Mode. Trips by private vehicle, train, bus, ferry, monorail, light rail or aircraft. Newcastle SSD covers the Local Government Areas of Newcastle, Cessnock, Lake Macquarie, Maitland and Port Stephens. Residents of private dwellings. HTS estimates are slightly lower than the ABS Estimated Resident Population (ERP), which include residents of non-private dwellings (gaols, hospitals, hotels, etc.). Unless otherwise stated, refer to weekday trips departing between 3:01 pm and 6:00 pm. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 51

54 Priority mode Priority mode hierarchy Priority purpose Priority purpose hierarchy Where a linked trip is comprised of unlinked trips that uses more than one mode, a priority mode is allocated to the linked trip according to the following hierarchy, which is generally the mode with the largest likely (but not necessarily actual) duration of the trip. Ferry Train Light rail/monorail Bus Vehicle driver Vehicle passenger Taxi Bicycle Walk Other HIGHEST LOWEST BTS collects data on a detailed list of trip purposes, including the purpose return to home. Return home makes up about 34% of unlinked trips on an average weekday (Figure A.2). To give a better picture of what drives trip making, data in this report allocated return home to the main previous purpose. If a person is returning home from work this trip is defined as a commute FROM work rather than a trip TO home. Return home trips with multiple previous purposes are allocated based on a hierarchy or priority. If while returning home from work a person stopped off quickly at the shops, the main previous purpose is work not shopping. Work Work related business Education Purpose with the longest activity time Serve passenger Figure A.2 Share of trips by purpose as defined 40% HIGHEST LOWEST 35% 30% No recoding of return to home Recode return to home to previous purpose Recode return to home to a priority purpose 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Return to home Social/ Commuting Serve Shopping Work related Education/ Personal Other recreation passenger business childcare business Private vehicle Public transport Sydney Travel zone (TZ) Includes all motorised vehicles such as cars, 4WDs, vans, motorbikes, motor scooters, utes and trucks. Train, government and private bus and ferry, monorail and light rail. Refers to Sydney Statistical Division. A level of geography between ABS Census Collector Districts and Statistical Local Areas. The basis of BTS modelling and analysis, Travel Zones cover the BTS Study Area without omission or overlap. 652 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

55 Trip duration Trip length (distance) Travel time is derived from respondent s reported trip start and end times. Total trip duration is calculated as door-to-door travel time, including changes of mode and wait time. Trip duration by mode, means in-vehicle time only. Each trip origin and destination is coded by BTS to an X,Y co-ordinate and road network distance between these points is calculated in ARCGIS. Total distance reported is a door-to-door distance, including changes of mode. Distance by mode, refers to in-vehicle distance only. Prior to 2007 distance was calculated between Travel Zone centroids, rather than address co-ordinates. This method was prone to overestimate distance, particularly for short trips. Distances for 1999 to 2006 have been re-estimated using the updated method and this report contains revised distance data for previous years. Trip purpose Child care Trips by children to attend child care. categories Commuting The first trip to work of the day, usually from home, excluding trips to return to work. This also includes the first trip to a second job, if any. Work related business Education Home Personal business Serve passenger Shopping Work related trips away from respondent s usual work address. Also for respondents without a fixed work address eg. A plumber, household interviewers, etc. who work at various locations. Trips by students to attend educational institutions kindergarten, primary and secondary school, technical college or universities. Trips to return home. This publication reports trips to return home according to the previous priority purpose. See Priority purpose. Transact personal business not involving goods eg. bank, library, doctor. The purpose is to drop-off, pick-up or accompany another person eg. man drops his children to school on the way to work, a young child comes along for the ride on a parent s trip to the bank, a woman takes an elderly parent to a medical appointment. Trips to a shop, defined as premises that sell goods. Social/recreation Social visits, entertainment, sporting activities, hobbies, holidays, etc. Other Trips for purposes not identified elsewhere. Unlinked trip An unlinked trip is a single trip leg. Linked trips are made up of unlinked trips where there has been a change of mode. For example, a person living in Parramatta and working in Sydney CBD who travels by train with a walk trip at either end of the train trip has made three unlinked and one linked trip: TRIP ORIGIN DESTINATION MODE PURPOSE 1 Home Parramatta Station Walk Change mode 2 Parramatta Station Central Station Train Change mode 3 Central Station Workplace Walk Work Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 531

56 5.5 Other BTS Publications All BTS publications and summary statistics are free to download from bts.nsw.gov.au Recent Publications u Active Transport in Sydney: Walking (2013 Release) u Compendium of Sydney Rail Travel Statistics, 8th Edition (2013 Release) u Public Transport Users in Sydney (2013 Release) u 2011 Journey to Work User Guide u 2012 Sydney Cycling Survey (2013 Release) u Rail Station to Station Passenger Matrix Report (2013 Release) u Travel in Sydney, Newcastle, Illawarra (2012 Release) u NSW and Sydney Transport Facts (2012 Release) Visualisation Tools Travel Zone Explorer LGA Profiler Station Ins & Outs Landuse Planner JTW Explorer JTW Visualiser 654 Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release

57 Stay up to date by subscribing to our quarterly BTS News. It contains information on all our latest work, recent data and publication releases, relevant industry news and upcoming conferences. Simply visit our website and click on the Subscribe button on our homepage. Bureau of Transport Statistics Household Travel Survey Summary Report, 2013 Release 551