Key Findings of 2011 ATRS Global Airport Performance Benchmarking project

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1 Key Findings of 2011 ATRS Global Airport Performance Benchmarking project Prof. Tae Hoon Oum, Prof. Chunyan Yu, Dr. Yapyin Choo The Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) The ATRS Global Airport Benchmarking Task Force Asia Pacific: P. Forsyth, Yeong-Heok Lee, Yuichiro Yoshida, Japhet Law, Shinya Hanaoka Europe: Nicole Adler, Jaap de Wit, Hans-Martin Niemeier, Eric Pels North America: Tae Oum, Bijan Vasigh, Jia Yan, Chunyan Yu Middle East: Paul Hooper Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 1

2 Outline Objective of the ATRS Benchmarking Study Airports Included and ATRS Database Some Characteristics of Sample Airports Methodology Key Results on Efficiency and Costs User Charge Comparisons Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 2

3 Objective of the Benchmarking Study To provide a comprehensive, unbiased comparison of airport performance focusing on Productivity and Operating/Mgt Efficiency Unit Cost Competitiveness Comparison of Airport Charge Levels Our study does not treat service quality differentials across airports Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 3

4 Airports Included in the study Canada-US Europe Asia 63 airports 45 airports (2 New) 14 airport groups 32 airports (5 New) 5 airport groups Oceania 9 airports Latin America 7 airports (All New) Total 156 airports 19 airport groups Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 4

5 The ATRS Database The ATRS Database contains historic information (since FY 2001) including financial data, traffic and capacity data of the major airports and airport authorities (groups) in the following geographic regions: Asia Pacific Europe North America and Latin America (non-financial data only) The data in each regions is segregated into: Airport Information ( capacity, type of ownership etc) Traffic Aeronautical Revenue Non-Aeronautical Revenue Operating Expense Balance Sheet Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 5

6 Data Sources: FY Airport s Financial Statements, Annual Reports and direct data requests; US FAA, DOT statistics; Association of European Airlines (AEA) Statistics ICAO Digest of Statistics: annual and monthly traffic data annual financial data - not for all airports ACI; IATA annual traffic statistics; capacity information; airport charges general information surveys (Asia Pacific and Europe) occasional and not complete IMF and World Bank various price indices including GDP deflators for service sectors and PPP US Census Bureau, Statistics Canada regionally based Cost of Living Index Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 6

7 Outline Objective of the ATRS Benchmarking Study Airports Included and ATRS Database Some Characteristics of Sample Airports Methodology Key Results on Efficiency and Costs User Charge Comparisons Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 7

8 Passengers Volume, 2009 (in 000 passengers) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) ,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90, ,000 PEK HND HKG NRT DXB SIN BKK CGK CAN SYD PVG KUL ICN DEL SHA MEL SZX MNL TPE BOM BNE SEL KIX AKL XMN MAA PER NGO HAK ADL CHC HKT WLG MFM CNS PEN CNX PNH HDY REP CEI LHR CDG FRA MAD AMS FCO MUC LGW IST BCN ORY ZRH DUB STN CPH MAN VIE OSL DUS MXP BRU ATH ARN TXL LIS HEL HAM PRG GVA TLV CGN BHX EDI WAW BUD ISG CIA RIX CRL SOF MLA BEG BTS KEF LJU TLL ATL ORD LAX DFW DEN JFK LAS IAH PHX SFO CLT EWR MIA MCO MSP DTW SEA PHL YYZ BOS IAD LGA FLL BWI SLC HNL DCA MDW SAN TPA YVR PDX STL YUL YYC CVG MCI OAK MEM CLE SMF RDU BNA SJC SNA AUS PIT MKE SAT MSY IND YEG PBI ABQ JAX ONT YOW RNO YHZ YWG RIC SDF ALB 2009 Mean Asia Pacific Europe North America

9 Passenger Traffic - Top 10 Airports ( 000 passengers) :2009, 2007, Asia Pacific Europe North America Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 9

10 PEK HND CAN DXB SYD PVG CGK HKG SIN DEL BKK KUL BOM MNL SZX ICN MEL NRT SHA BNE AKL TPE KIX SEL MAA XMN ADL NGO WLG CHC PER HAK MFM PEN CNS HKT CNX PNH REP HDY CEI CDG LHR FRA MAD AMS MUC FCO BCN IST ZRH LGW VIE CPH BRU ORY OSL DUS ATH ARN MXP DUB GVA MAN HEL STN PRG HAM TXL LIS CGN EDI WAW BUD BHX TLV RIX CIA SOF LJU KEF BEG TLL BTS MLA ATL ORD DFW DEN LAX IAH LAS CLT PHX PHL DTW JFK EWR YYZ MSP LGA SFO MIA IAD BOS MEM SEA SLC MCO HNL DCA YVR FLL BWI YYC YUL CVG CLE STL SAN PDX MDW TPA IND MKE RDU MCI YWG SDF YEG PIT OAK SAT SMF SJC AUS ABQ MSY ALB SNA ONT BNA YHZ YOW JAX RIC PBI RNO 2009 Mean Aircraft Movements, 2009 ( 000 ATM) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 10 Asia Pacific Europe North America

11 NRT HKG HND BKK SIN TPE HKT ICN HDY DXB CGK PEK SHA SEL KUL MEL CNX HAK SZX CAN MNL CEI SYD PVG NGO XMN BNE KIX DEL MFM BOM CNS MAA PEN PER AKL PNH CHC ADL REP WLG LHR LGW TLV STN DUB ORY IST CDG MAD MLA FRA AMS MAN FCO LIS BCN MXP TXL BHX ZRH CPH ARN CIA DUS OSL MUC EDI HAM ATH VIE BUD CGN HEL BRU WAW PRG SOF RIX GVA BEG BTS TLL KEF LJU MCO JFK PBI SFO LAX BNA SEA MIA TPA ATL SNA MDW DFW SAN LAS FLL EWR BWI DEN OAK PHX RNO MSP SMF ORD SJC BOS YYZ DTW IAH AUS MSY CLT JAX MCI PDX IAD PHL SLC SAT HNL PIT DCA LGA STL YVR RDU ONT ABQ YUL YYC YEG CLE CVG MKE RIC IND YHZ MEM ALB YWG SDF YOW 2009 Mean Passengers per Aircraft Movements, 2009 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 11 Asia Pacific Europe North America

12 H KG PVG ICN DXB NRT SIN PEK TPE BKK CAN KIX H ND SZX KUL SYD BOM DEL SH A CG K MNL MAA SEL AKL XMN NG O H AK PEN MFM CH C CNX H KT PNH H DY CEI CDG FRA LH R AMS IST CG N BRU TLV ZRH MXP CPH MAD VIE MUC STN ARN FCO H EL MAN ATH ORY DUB BCN LIS LG W OSL DUS H AM BUD G VA EDI WAW PRG KEF TXL TLL MLA CIA SOF LJU BH X BTS RIX BEG MEM SDF MIA LAX JFK ORD IND EWR DFW OAK ATL YYZ ONT PH L SFO H NL IAH IAD BOS SEA PH X DEN PDX MSP YVR DTW YWG SLC MCO CVG SAT CLT SAN YYC BWI FLL RDU TPA MCI STL LAS YUL AUS PIT SMF CLE JAX SJC MKE BNA ABQ MSY RNO RIC YEG YH Z MDW YOW ALB SNA PBI LG A DCA 4500 Air Cargo Traffic, 2009 ( 000 metric tons) Asia Pacific Europe North America Mean Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 12

13 HKG PVG ICN DXB NRT SIN PEK TPE BKK CAN CDG FRA LHR AMS IST CGN BRU TLV ZRH MXP MEM SDF MIA LAX JFK ORD IND EWR DFW OAK Metric Tonnes ('000) Air Cargo - Top 10 Airports ( 000 metric tons) 2009, 2007, ,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Asia Pacific Europe North America Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 13

14 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% SIN HKG TPE BNE ICN CAN MEL PER MEL/APAC BOM SYD NGO SEL CHC WLG AKL CNS HAK PEK NRT BKK ADL AOT KIX XMN PVG SAA SZX KUL MAHB PEN CGK APII KEF TAV FRA Fraport OSL CDG ORY ADP DUB DAA IST AMS Schiphol TLV ATH CPH CIA ADR FCO BUD VIE ZRH TLL MAG MAN BHX GVA LJU LGW MUC HAM STN LHR BAA EDI ARN Swedavia ISG SOF BRU LIS ANA MXP DUS TXL Berlin CGN PPL AENA BCN MAD WAW BTS Finavia HEL MLA BEG JAX TPA RIC BNA MCI SAN RNO MCO SMF MKE SNA RDU PHX YWG SAT PBI FLL YEG SLC ATL IND YYC YVR MSP SJC DFW ABQ CLT ALB AUS YUL YOW LAS YHZ BOS DTW DCA IAD HNL OAK SEA CVG SDF ONT SFO PDX MDW LAX CLE DEN PIT BWI IAH ORD MSY YYZ MIA PHL LGA EWR STL MEM JFK 2009 Mean % Non-Aero Revenue, 2009 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 14 North America Europe Asia Pacific

15 Outline Objective of the ATRS Benchmarking Study Airports Included and ATRS Database Some Characteristics of Sample Airports Methodology Key Results on Efficiency and Costs User Charge Comparisons Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 15

16 Methodology: Efficiency Measurement Variable Factor Productivity (VFP) Index Total Factor Productivity (TFP) - Impossible because of capital input cost accounting problem VFP is essentially the ratio of total (aggregate) output index divided by total (aggregate) variable input index, namely labor and soft cost input (total non-labor variable inputs). In fact, we compute VFP using the multilateral index procedure proposed by Caves, Christensen and Diewert (1982). Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 16

17 Multilateral Aggregation Method This multilateral index procedure uses cost shares (revenue shares) to aggregate inputs (outputs). Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 17

18 Airport Productivity Index Outputs Inputs Aircraft movement Passengers Non-aeronautical revenues Labour Other non-capital (soft cost) inputs 18

19 Potential Reasons for the Measured Productivity (gross VFP) Differentials Factors Beyond Managerial Control: Airport size (Scale of aggregate output) Average aircraft size using the airport Share of international traffic Share of air cargo traffic Extent of capacity shortage - congestion delay Connecting/transfer ratio We compute residual (Net) variable factor productivity (RVFP) measures after removing effects of these Factors Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 19

20 Outline Objective of the ATRS Benchmarking Study Airports Included and ATRS Database Some Characteristics of Sample Airports Methodology Key Results on Efficiency and Costs User Charge Comparisons Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 20

21 Gross Variable Factor Productivity(VFP) Oceania (SYD=1.0), SYD MEL AKL BNE CHC PER ADL WLG Mean Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 21

22 Gross Variable Factor Productivity(VFP) Asia (HKG=1.0), HKG CAN SIN HAK ICN SEL BKK KUL SZX XMN PEN KIX NRT NGO PEK PVG Mean AOT APII MAHB SAA Mean Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 22

23 OSL ZRH ATH CPH MAD GVA EDI LIS BCN BRU CIA TLV CRL AMS DUB STN KEF BHX FCO CDG LGW HAM MAN LJU VIE ARN LHR BUD ORY TLL HEL TXL FRA DUS MUC MLA WAW CGN BTS SOF Mean ADR Schiphol ANA PPL AENA Swedavia DAA Fraport BAA Finavia Berlin ADP TAV Mean Gross Variable Factor Productivity(VFP) Europe (CPH=1.0), Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 23

24 ATL CLT MSP YYC RDU YVR YWG LGA RIC PHX YEG TPA BNA MEM ABQ JAX MCO SLC SDF MKE IAH SEA CVG IAD DTW FLL RNO PDX YOW SNA IND EWR MDW PHL SFO DCA BOS LAS SAN DFW SMF JFK PBI MCI HNL YHZ AUS YUL DEN ALB PIT CLE SAT MSY MIA BWI SJC ORD OAK STL LAX ONT Mean Gross Variable Factor Productivity(VFP) North America (YVR=1.0), Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 24

25 Past Airport Efficiency Excellence Top Performers, North America Europe Hartsfield-Jackson Hartsfield-Jackson Hartsfield-Jackson Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Atlanta International Atlanta International Atlanta International Airport Airport Airport Airport Copenhagen Kastrup International Airport Oslo International Airport Copenhagen Kastrup International Airport Copenhagen Kastrup International Airport Large Airport Category Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport Small/Medium Airport Category Raleigh-Durham International Airport Large Airport Category Oslo International Airport Small/Medium Airport Category Genève Aéroport Asia- Pacific Incheon International Airport Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong International Airport Large Airport Category Hong Kong International Airport Small/Medium Airport Category Seoul Gimpo International Airport Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 25

26 Gross VFP Vs Residual (Net) VFP(after removing factors beyond managerial control ) : Oceania (SYD=1.0) SYD CHC MEL AKL BNE PER ADL WLG Mean Gross VFP Net VFP After removing factors beyond managerial control such as capacity constraint, average aircraft size, % international traffic, etc, CHC s relative performance in term of Net VFP improved significantly. Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 26

27 Residual (Net) Variable Factor Productivity: Asia (HKG=1.0) HKG SIN CAN HAK ICN SEL BKK KUL XMN PEN KIX SZX NGO NRT PEK PVG Mean AOT APII MAHB SAA Mean Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 27

28 CPH OSL ATH BRU MAD ZRH BCN AMS DUB STN CDG MAN VIE ARN LGW ORY LHR DUS FRA MUC FCO Mean GVA KEF LIS TLV CIA CRL EDI BHX TLL HAM LJU HEL MLA TXL WAW BTS BUD CGN SOF Mean ADR PPL Schiphol ANA Swedavia AENA DAA BAA Fraport Finavia ADP Berlin TAV Mean Residual (Net) Variable Factor Productivity: Europe ( CPH=1.0) Large Airports > 15 million passengers Small Airports < 15 million passengers Airport Groups Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 28

29 ATL MSP CLT TPA MCO YVR HNL FLL SEA PHX LGA MDW SLC BOS IAH IAD SFO EWR JFK DTW SAN BWI PHL DCA LAS MIA DFW DEN LAX ORD Mean Residual (Net) Variable Factor Productivity: N. America Passengers > 15 million (YVR=1.0) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 29

30 Residual (Net) Variable Factor Productivity: N. America Passengers < 15 million (YVR=1.0) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 30

31 Top Efficiency Performers (2011) (based on Net VFP index=operating/management efficiency) Asia Pacific: Oceania Airports: Sydney, Christchurch Asian Airports: Hong Kong, Singapore Europe: Large Airports (> 15 million pax): Copenhagen and Oslo Small/Medium Airports (< 15 millions Pax): Geneva, Reykjavik-Keflavik North America (Canada/US): Large Airports (> 15 million pax): Atlanta, Minneapolis/St Paul Small/Medium Airports (< 15 millions Pax): Raleigh-Durham, Reno Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 31

32 Labour and Soft Cost Input Productivity Indices for CPH and OSL WLU/ Soft Cost Output/Employee Passenger/Employee CPH OSL Labour Productivity Output/Employee Passenger/Employee WLU/ Employee Soft Cost Productivity Output/Soft Cost Passenger/Soft Cost WLU/ Employee Passenger/Soft Cost WLU/ Soft Cost Output/Soft Cost CPH OSL Oslo is more efficient in terms of Labor Productivity. The figure implies that CPH handles most of the airport operation in-house as compared with OSL. CPH is more efficient in terms of Soft-Cost Input Productivity. (soft cost =operating expenses-labor cost, divided by SC input price index) Despite the difference in their business strategy, both airports achieved same level of operating efficiency. Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 32

33 Cost Competitiveness = Net VFP and Input Price Effect Oceania (SYD=0.0) - the higher the better CHC SYD AKL MEL BNE PER ADL WLG Mean Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 33

34 Cost Competitiveness: = Net VFP and Input Price Effect Asia (HKG=0.0) the higher the better Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 34

35 KEF TLL EDI ATH CIA TLV BHX SOF BTS MLA CPH WAW LIS LJU STN BRU MAN BUD AMS OSL LGW ZRH GVA VIE FCO HAM LHR FRA DUS ARN HEL CGN TXL DUB ORY MUC CDG BCN MAD Mean PPL ADR ANA TAV BAA Fraport Schiphol Swedavia DAA Finavia AENA ADP Berlin Mean Cost Competitiveness = Net VFP and Input Prices Effect Europe (CPH=0.0) - the higher the better Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 35

36 Cost Competitiveness = Net VFP and Input Price Effect N. America Passengers > 15 million (YVR=0.0) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 36

37 Cost Competitiveness = Net VFP and Input Price Effect N. America Passengers < 15 million (YVR=0.0) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 37

38 Top Unit Cost Competitiveness Performers Asia-Pacific: Europe: Oceania: Christchurch, Sydney Asia: Haikou, AOT (Airport Authority of Thailand), APII (Angkasa Pura II, Indonesian Group) Polish Airports, Reykjavik-Keflavik, Tallinn N. America: Large Airports (> 15 million Pax): Atlanta, Charlotte, Tampa Small/Med Airports (< 15 million Pax): Raleigh- Durham, Reno, Nashville Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 38

39 Outline Objective of the ATRS Benchmarking Study Airports Included and ATRS Database Some Characteristics of Sample Airports Methodology Key Results on Efficiency and Costs User Charge Comparisons Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 39

40 Landing Charges: Basis for computing Assumptions: (Use of signatory airlines) Passenger aircraft Peak and off-peak charges separately treated International flights Some airports have summer/winter rates these are averaged Assumed 2 hours aircraft parking Exclusion: Tax, Noise charges, lighting surcharge Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 40

41 CLT BNA RDU SLC FLL ATL PBI RIC JAX MEM MCO PHX SDF SAN TPA MSY SAT PHL OAK IND MCI HNL SNA RNO MIA LAS MSP SJC ABQ ALB DCA YVR IAH AUS SEA IAD SMF YOW SFO CVG BWI YEG YHZ PDX LAX YYC YWG YUL DFW BOS ORD JFK EWR STL LGA YYZ NAS SCL EZE BSB CGH GIG GRU RIX ARN STN-off peak LGW-off-peak CRL FRA STN-peak MLA FCO MUC MXP CIA PRG GVA LIS LHR TXL VIE HAM EDI MAN-peak MAN-offpeak HEL KEF SOF BRU ZRH IST CGN CPH BCN MAD BUD TLL CDG ORY LGW-peak TLV AMS OSL ATH BEG WAW BHX BTS LJU DUB DUS KUL BKK CNS DXB CEI CNX HDY HKT CGK MNL BOM DEL MAA TPE SEL CAN HAK PEK PVG SHA SZX XMN SIN PER ICN ADL AKL MFM HKG PNH REP WLG NGO NRT KIX HND US$ Landing Charges for Boeing , 2010 (in US$) 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 North America Latin America Europe Asia Pacific 2,000 1,000 0 Landing Charges for Boeing 767 Mean Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 41

42 KUL BKK CNS DXB CEI HDY HKT CNX CGK BOM DEL MAA TPE MNL SIN SEL CAN HAK PEK PVG SHA SZX XMN ICN ADL AKL CHC PER HKG MFM PNH REP NGO WLG NRT KIX HND Asia Pacific: Landing Charge for Airbus 320, 2010 (in US$) Landing Charges for AirBus 320 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 42

43 RIX ARN MLA FRA CRL STN-off peak FCO MXP CIA GVA LIS HEL TXL VIE HAM EDI ZRH MAN-offpeak KEF LGW-off-peak STN-peak CPH BCN MAD IST PRG CDG ORY BRU TLL MAN-peak MUC SOF TLV AMS CGN BEG BUD WAW BHX ATH OSL LJU LHR BTS DUB DUS LGW-peak 2000 Europe: Landing Charge for Airbus 320, 2010 (in US$) Landing Charges for AirBus 320 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 43

44 CLT BNA RDU SLC ATL FLL PBI RIC JAX MEM MCO PHX SDF SAN TPA MSY SAT PHL OAK IND MCI HNL SNA RNO MIA LAS MSP SJC YVR ABQ ALB DCA IAH YYC YOW AUS SEA YEG SMF IAD YHZ CVG SFO BWI YWG PDX LAX YUL DFW BOS JFK ORD EWR STL LGA YYZ North America: Landing Charge for Airbus 320, 2010 (in US$) Landing Charges for AirBus 320 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 44

45 Summary Landing/Takeoff Charges (Airbus 320) Asia-Pacific Results: Highest charges: Haneda, Kansai, Narita Lowest charges: Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok, Cairns European Results: Highest charges: London Gatwick peak, Dusseldorf, Dublin Lowest charges: Riga(Latvia), Stockholm, Malta North American Results: Highest charges: Toronto, LaGuardia, St. Louis Lowest charges: Charlotte, Nashville, Raleigh-Durham, Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 45

46 Combined Landing and Passenger Charges Given that it is difficult to separate landing and passenger charges for some airports, the combined landing and passenger charge may reflect a better picture. Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 46

47 KUL LCCT MAA BOM DEL HKG SIN TPE KUL PER MNL HND SEL CGK CAN HAK PEK PVG SHA SZX XMN ADL ICN AKL MFM MEL CEI CNX HDY HKT DXB CHC BKK WLG BNE CNS PNH REP SYD NRT NGO KIX Mean 7000 Asia Pacific: Combined Landing and Passenger Charge for Airbus 320, 2010 (in US$) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 47

48 CRL RIX MAN-offpeak KEF TLL GVA CIA ARN MXP MAN-peak HAM HEL BCN FCO MAD STN-off peak CGN STN-peak OSL BEG AMS EDI CPH LGW-off-peak KBP LJU MLA BUD TXL LIS BHX FRA SOF VIE DUB BRU IST ZRH ATH WAW MUC BTS TLV DUS LGW-peak CDG ORY PRG LHR Mean 6000 Europe: Combined Landing and Passenger Charge for Airbus 320, 2010 (in US$) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 48

49 Summary Combined Landing and Asia-Pacific Results: Passenger Charges (Airbus 320) Highest charges: Kansai, Nagoya, Narita Lowest charges: Kuala Lumpur Low Cost Carrier Terminal, Chennai (India), Mumbai (India) European Results: Highest charges: London Heathrow, Prague (Czech Rep.), Paris Orly Lowest charges: Brussels South Charleroi, Riga(Latvia), Manchester (Off-Peak) Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 49

50 Cost per Enplanement for Airlines (CPE) For N. American airports, the data allows us to compute Cost per enplanement (CPE). CPE = sum of landing fees, terminal arrival fee, rents and utilities, terminal apron charges/tiedowns, and passengers other aeronautical payments to airports divided by enplaned passengers Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 50

51 CLT ATL SLC JAX MEM MKE MCI RDU TPA BNA PHX SAT MSP SAN FLL MDW MCO RIC CVG PBI RNO DFW LAS DTW AUS ABQ ALB SMF HNL BWI PHL SNA IAH SJC MSY OAK CLE IND SEA DCA ORD PDX LAX DEN BOS IAD SFO STL ONT MIA LGA SDF PIT EWR JFK Mean YEG YYC YWG YHZ YOW YVR YUL YYZ Mean US$ North America: Total Charges per Enplaned Passenger, 2009 (in US$) United States Canada Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 51

52 Summary Cost per Enplaned Passenger (CPE) North American Results: Highest charges: Toronto, New York JFK, Newark Lowest charges: Charlotte, Atlanta, Salt Lake City Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 52

ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report The ATRS Global Airport Performance Benchmarking Report : 3 volumes, over 500 pages of valuable data and analysis

53 ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report The ATRS Global Airport Performance Benchmarking Report : 3 volumes, over 500 pages of valuable data and analysis Can be purchased by visiting Report sale finances our annual benchmarking research project Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) 53

54 Thank You 2012 ATRS World Conference (Taiwan in late June, 2012)

ATRS Global Airport Benchmarking Report 2003

ATRS Global Airport Benchmarking Report 2003 Presented to Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) Conference, 5-6 September, 2003, Singapore The Global Airport Benchmarking Task Force of Air Transport